Lecture Exam 1

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  active transport.

B  diffusion using a pump.

C  diffusion through a channel.

D  simple diffusion.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water

B  2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP

C  2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate

D  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP

E  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

B  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

E  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

B  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

C  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

D  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

E  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

A  Oxidative phosphorylation

B  Glycolysis

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  Krebs cycle

E  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Primary active transport

B  Facilitated diffusion

C  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

D  Secondary active transport

E  Simple diffusion

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  200 mM NaCl

B  300 mM glucose

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  400 mM urea

E  100 mM NaCl

A  take place only when no oxygen is present.

B  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

C  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  ribosomes

B  mitochondria

C  lysosomes

D  peroxisomes

E  endosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Phospholipids

B  Nucleotides

C  Monosaccharides

D  Amino acids

E  Cholesterol

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

C  Generating ATP

D  Providing genetic information

E  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is covalent.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

B  are nonspecific.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  may open in response to binding a ligand.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Manufacturing ribosomes

B  Breaking down carbohydrates

C  Making ATP

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Dividing by mitosis

A  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

B  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

C  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

D  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

E  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

A  Peroxisomes

B  Lysosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Ribosomes

E  Endosomes

A  Secondary

B  Tertiary

C  Primary

D  Quaternary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cation

B  A covalent molecule

C  A new element

D  A free radical

E  An anion

A  hydrophilic.

B  bipolar.

C  hydrophobic.

D  unipolar.

E  amphipathic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pinocytosis

B  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

C  Phagocytosis

D  Active transport

E  Hydrosmosis

A  It will shrink in size.

B  It will swell in size.

C  The result can’t be predicted

D  It will stay the same size.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  6

B  4

C  8

D  1

E  2

A  Ionic bonds

B  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Hydrogen bonds

E  Van der Waals forces

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They have different numbers of protons.

C  They have different number of energy shells

D  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  Glucose

B  Solutes

C  Lipid molecules

D  Water

E  Charged particles