Exam 2

A  O2

B  CO2

C  H2O

D  ATP

A  Calvin cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  Electron transport chain

D  Citric acid cycle

A  Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen.

B  Yes, about as much as with oxygen.

C  Yes, but much less than with oxygen.

D  No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.

A  Electron transport chain

B  Glycolysis

C  Citric acid cycle

D  Fermentation

A  ATP

B  NADP+

C  ANP

D  ADP

A  To produce oxygen

B  To produce ATP

C  To produce carbon dioxide

D  To produce sugars

A  For cellular respiration to produce ATP

B  All of the other answer options are correct

C  For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant

D  For storage

A  Calvin cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  Citric acid cycle

D  Fermentation

A  It is completely destroyed.

B  It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

C  It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.

D  It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.

A  It is the source of electrons.

B  It splits ATP molecules.

C  It fixes carbon into sugars.

D  It excites electrons.

A  It is the final electron acceptor.

B  It is a waste product in the light reactions.

C  It is the initial electron releaser.

D  It is split to form sugar.

A  Stage 1 (the light reactions)

B  Neither Stage 1 (the light reactions) nor Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

C  Both Stage 1 (the light reactions) and Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

D  Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

A  Sugar

B  O2

C  CO2

D  ATP

A  Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule, and it begins to reflect different colors.

B  The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.

C  When leaves die, the chlorophyll molecules are no longer visible.

D  The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light.

A  To produce ATP

B  To carry out photosynthesis

C  To produce sugars

D  There is no role, as animals do not have chloroplasts

A  Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration

B  Only cellular respiration

C  Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

D  Only photosynthesis

A  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature

B  To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars

C  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life’s processes

D  To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

A  A pencil falling from your desk

B  A pencil laying on the ground

C  A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk

D  A pencil on your desk

A  typically on the X chromosome

B  typically on the Y chromosome

C  expressed only in women or only in men

D  located next to one another

A  Polygenic inheritance

B  Single-gene traits

C  Multiple alleles

D  Incomplete dominance

A  The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.

B  There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.

C  Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.

D  The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.

A  they can only express the dominant trait

B  they can only express the recessive trait

C  their two alleles carry different information

D  both of their alleles carry the same information

A  originate from the same parent

B  can be the same or can be different

C  are always the same

D  are always different

A  Both mitosis and meiosis

B  Meiosis

C  Mitosis

D  None of the other answer options

A  diploid (n)

B  haploid (n)

C  diploid (2n)

D  haploid (2n)

A  92

B  2

C  46

D  23

A  cloning

B  mitosis

C  surrogate growth

D  meiosis

A  In the middle of plant cell mitosis

B  At the completion of animal cell mitosis

C  At the completion of plant cell mitosis

D  In the middle of animal cell mitosis

A  Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, sister chromatids split

B  Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms

C  Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves

D  Sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

A  Random fertilization

B  Independent assortment

C  All of the other answer options generate genetic variation

D  Crossing over

A  meiosis

B  interphase

C  mitosis

D  chromosome duplication

A  Homologous chromosomes

B  Daughter cells

C  Sister chromatids

D  Genomes

A  Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism’s complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.

B  Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.

C  No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.

D  It depends on the type of cells of the organism.

A  meiosis

B  fertilization

C  mitosis

D  binary fission

A  unique set of genes

B  unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA

C  unique fingerprints

D  unique mRNA sequences

A  Egg donor

B  It depends on whether it is male or female.

C  Surrogate mother

D  DNA donor

A  There is not enough information provided to answer

B  No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.

C  Yes, that is its primary function.

D  No, only the genes would be copied.

A  Errors during DNA replication

B  The only source of mutations in cells

C  Chemical factors that can treat cancer

D  Physical or chemical factors that can lead to mutations causing cancer

A  During meiosis

B  During replication

C  During mitosis

D  During embryonic development

A  Yes, since they all make the same proteins

B  No, since they don’t contain the same DNA

C  No, since they don’t all need to make the same proteins

D  Yes, since they all contain the same DNA

A  Typical bacterial insulin is exactly the same as human insulin.

B  The insulin-producing gene of bacteria was altered to have the same base sequence as the human counterpart and now produces the human version of insulin.

C  The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.

D  Bacterial insulin is similar enough to human insulin to serve the same purpose.

A  Anticodons

B  Amino acids

C  Codons

D  Ribosome

A  CGGTAATG

B  GCCAUUAC

C  CGGTUUTG

D  CGGUAAUG

A  uracil

B  guanine

C  adenine

D  thymine

A  Promoters act as a “start here” signal to help control gene expression

B  Promoters are regions of DNA that indicates the start of a gene

C  All of the other answer options are correct

D  Promoters are regions of DNA where RNA polymerase can bind to start transcription

A  A section of DNA that codes for a portion of a protein

B  All of the other answer options and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene.

C  A section of DNA that codes for one or more proteins

D  A discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides

A  One of the bases is different.

B  DNA is double stranded, and RNA is a single strand.

C  They each contain a slightly different sugar molecule.

D  All of the other answer options are correct.

A  CGGATTC

B  AGGCTTA

C  TCCGAAT

D  ATTCGGA

A  The phosphate group

B  The protein

C  The sugar molecule

D  The base

A  A ionic bond

B  A peptide bond

C  A covalent bond

D  A hydrogen bond