Lecture Exam 3

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Question #1

This figure shows an intestinal villus. What specific layer does number 4 indicate?

A pancreatase.

B amylase.

C protease.

D pepsin.

E nuclease.

Question #2

Which region(s) of the pharynx is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

A Longitudinal layer of muscularis

B Lamina propria

C Circular layer of muscularis

D Muscularis mucosae

E Basement membrane

Question #3

Which cranial nerves innervate the salivary glands?

A VII and IX

B V and XI

C VI and IX

D XI and XII

E V and VII

Question #4

What is the name of the column of neurons within the medulla that initiates neural impulses for inspiration and expiration?

A Phrenic nucleus

B Dorsal respiratory group

C Pontine respiratory center

D Ventral respiratory group

Question #5

The larynx is supported by nine pieces of cartilage. Which cartilages occur in pairs?

A Arytenoid and epiglottis

B Thyroid and corniculate

C Cricoid, corniculate, and arytenoid

D Corniculate, cuneiform, and arytenoid

E Corniculate and cricoid

Question #6

Secretin is a hormone that is secreted by the

A stomach.

B liver.

C large intestine.

D small intestine.

E pancreas.

Question #7

The pharyngeal phase of swallowing is a voluntary process that is controlled by the cerebral cortex.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #8

The male voice tends to be in a lower range than a female’s voice because men have

A longer and thicker vocal folds.

B more taut vestibular folds.

C shorter and fatter vestibular ligaments.

D more air to push through the rima glottidis.

E wider arytenoid cartilages.

Question #9

Of the five types of secretory cells in the gastric glands, which ones secrete pepsinogen?

A Chief cells

B Enteroendocrine cells

C Mucous neck cells

D Surface mucous cells

E Parietal cells

Question #10

The alveolar cell that secretes pulmonary surfactant is the

A squamous alveolar cell.

B alveolar type I cell.

C alveolar macrophage.

D dust cell.

E alveolar type II cell.

Question #11

Which organ is retroperitoneal?

A Stomach

B Pancreas

C Cecum

D Jejunum

E Transverse colon

Question #12

Inspiratory capacity is greater than inspiratory reserve volume.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #13

Stenosis (constriction) of the hepatopancreatic ampulla would interfere with

A the secretion of mucus.

B salivary gland secretion.

C peristalsis.

D the passage of chyme into the small intestine.

E the transport of bile and pancreatic juice.

Question #14

Peristalsis

A involves back-and-forth movement for mixing.

B is the alternating contraction of muscle layers in the GI tract wall that propels materials through the tract.

C involves the opening and closing of muscular sphincters.

D All of the choices are correct.

E is under voluntary control.

Question #15

Which bones form the hard palate?

A Maxillae and inferior nasal conchae

B Maxillae and sphenoid

C Palatine bones

D Palatine bones and maxillae

E Ethmoid and sphenoid bones

Question #16

Lysozyme within saliva primarily functions to

A initiate the chemical breakdown of starch.

B inhibit bacterial growth.

C wash materials off teeth.

D moisten and disperse food.

Question #17

If a fatty meal has been ingested, the liver and gallbladder need to be alerted about the need for bile. The receptors that are responsible for sensing the fat in the ingested food are referred to as

A mechanoreceptors.

B osmodetectors.

C omental neurons

D chemoreceptors.

E bilireceptors.

Question #18

What prevents the trachea from collapsing?

A The internal epithelium

B The internal air pressure within the trachea

C The surrounding muscles

D The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

Question #19

Foreign particles

A are more likely to lodge in the left primary bronchus.

B are more likely to lodge in the right primary bronchus.

C lodge equally often in each of the two primary bronchi.

Question #20

As blood travels through a systemic capillary and exchanges gases with systemic cells,

A the partial pressure of oxygen on blood remains the same as it goes from arterioles to venules.

B the partial pressure of oxygen in blood increases as it goes from arterioles to venules.

C the partial pressure of oxygen in blood decreases as it goes from arterioles to venules.

Question #21

Vitamin K and B vitamins produced by bacteria of the large intestine are absorbed into the blood

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #22

The pancreas is located primarily on the ________ side of the body, and it produces an _______ juice that is rich in a variety of enzymes.

A right, acidic

B left, alkaline

C right, alkaline

D left, acidic

Question #23

These muscles extend from a superior rib inferomedially to the adjacent inferior rib. They elevate the ribs upon contraction, thereby increasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity during inhalation.

A Serratus posterior inferior

B Transversus thoracis

C Internal intercostals

D Scalenes

E External intercostals

Question #24

The term “canines” describes the teeth that

A bear dental cusps for cutting and grinding.

B are lateral to the incisors, used for puncturing and tearing.

C are only found as permanent teeth.

D are most anterior, used for slicing and cutting.

Question #25

Pepsinogen is an

A active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

B inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

C inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

D active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

Question #26

Lipid molecules that are absorbed from the GI tract enter

A the liver.

B mesenteric arteries.

C mesenteric veins.

D lymphatic capillaries.

Question #27

Stenosis (constriction) of the pyloric sphincter would interfere with

A mucus secretion.

B passage of chyme into the duodenum.

C passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

D peristalsis.

E passage of a bolus into the stomach.

Question #28

A sphincter is a

A thickening of the circular layer of the muscularis that controls movement of materials through the GI tract.

B fold of the mucosa of the GI tract that increases the total surface area for absorption of nutrients.

C thickening of the longitudinal layer of the muscularis that propels materials through the GI tract.

D circle of adventitia that anchors the GI tract to neighboring structures.

Question #29

What structures compose a portal triad?

A Branches of the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and hepatic duct

B Branches of the hepatic duct, cystic duct, and central vein

C Branches of the cystic duct, central vein, and hepatic artery

D Branches of the hepatic artery, hepatic vein, and hepatic duct

E Branches of the common bile duct, central vein, and hepatic artery

Question #30

Which do not belong to the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

A Alveolar ducts

B Terminal bronchioles

C Respiratory bronchioles

D Pulmonary alveoli

E Alveolar sacs

Question #31

Duodenal glands (Brunner glands) that secrete a viscous mucus into the small intestine are located in the

A mucosa.

B submucosa.

C adventitia.

D muscularis interna.

E serosa.

Question #32

Which bone does not contain a paranasal sinus?

A Ethmoid bone

B Maxilla

C Sphenoid bone

D Mandible

E Frontal bone

Question #33

“Segmentation” within the small intestine refers to the

A gastroileal reflex that moves materials from the stomach to the large intestine.

B propulsion of material between the segments of the GI tract.

C division of function between the different segments of the small intestine.

D back-and-forth motion that mixes chyme with glandular secretions.

Question #34

What type of epithelium lines the majority of the oral cavity?

A Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

B Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

C Keratinized stratified cuboidal

D Nonkeratinized stratified cuboidal

E Keratinized stratified squamous

Question #35

Exposure to irritants causes mucus production to

A decrease.

B increase.

Question #36

Terminal bronchioles of the lower respiratory system are lined with

A pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

B keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

C stratified columnar epithelium.

D simple cuboidal epithelium.

E nonkeratinized stratified squamous.

Question #37

The expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume equals the

A inspiratory reserve volume.

B forced expiratory volume.

C vital capacity.

D functional residual capacity.

E tidal volume.

Question #38

Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors are found in the

A muscularis interna of the entire length of the GI tract.

B myenteric plexus of the mucosa of the intestine.

C mucosa and submucosa of the GI tract along its length.

D epithelium of the inferior portion of the GI tract.

E adventitia of the upper portion of the GI tract.

Question #39

Maltase is a brush border enzyme of the small intestine that digests the sugar maltose.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #40

Airway obstruction can lead to hypoventilation, which can cause

A hypocapnia and respiratory acidosis.

B hypoxia and respiratory alkalosis.

C hypoxia and respiratory acidosis.

D hypocapnia and hyperpnea.

E hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis.

Question #41

Airflow is ________ related to the pressure gradient and ________ related to resistance.

A inversely; directly

B directly; directly

C inversely; inversely

D directly; inversely

Question #42

Mucin ________ the viscosity of mucus, facilitating the ________ of dust and dirt particles

A increases; trapping

B increases; diluting

C decreases; flushing

D decreases; exocytosis

Question #43

What is the correct order for the list of structures of the large intestine, starting at the cecum and ending at the rectum?
a: Left colic flexure
b: Ascending colon
c: Transverse colon
d: Right colic flexure
e: Sigmoid colon
f: Descending colon

A b, d, c, a, f, e

B e, b, d, c, a, f

C f, c, d, e, a, b

D e, b, a, c, d, f

E b, a, c, d, f, e

Question #44

The gallbladder is part of the gastrointestinal tract.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #45

Villi

A increase surface area in the small intestine.

B generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

C contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

D All of the choices are correct.

E are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

Question #46

Manufacturers of some medications used to treat heartburn advertise that their products shut down the acid-producing pumps in the stomach. Where are these “acid-producing pumps”? In other words, which type of gastric gland cell secretes acid?

A Chief cells

B Surface mucous cells

C Mucous neck cells

D Parietal cells

E Enteroendocrine cells

Question #47

Which list of terms progresses from the most superficial structure to the deepest?

A Visceral peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, parietal peritoneum

B Visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum, peritoneal cavity

C Peritoneal cavity, visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum

D Parietal peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, visceral peritoneum

Question #48

The projections on the superior surface of the tongue, some of which house taste buds, are the

A papillae.

B glossal spines.

C cilia.

D rugae.

E tonsils.

Question #49

Which duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder?

A Common bile duct

B Hepatopancreatic duct

C Pancreatic duct

D Hepatic duct

E Cystic duct

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