Exam 2

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Question #1

Primates are characterized by:

A docility, toolmaking, and lack of parental investment.

B arboreal adaptation and male dominance.

C arboreal adaptation, and parental investment.

Question #2

A group’s home range is the area in which the group

A searches for food.

B finds mates.

C first evolved.

D encounters neighboring groups.

Question #3

Old World monkeys have:

A bilophodont molars.

B Y-5 molars.

C two sets of molars.

D one-inch molars.

Question #4

The Miocene was characterized by an initial warming trend, followed by the ____.

A retreat of grasslands

B expansion of forests

C retreat of tropical forests

D expansion of oceans

Question #5

Primate maternal behavior is best understood as

A innate.

B socially learned.

C instinctual.

D rarely practiced.

Question #6

The arboreal hypothesis proposes that defining primate characteristics were adaptations to life in the trees, such as:

A developed vision, greater sense of smell, and tails.

B grasping hands, tails, and intelligence.

C developed vision, greater sense of smell, and grasping hands and feet.

D grasping hands and feet, developed vision, and greater intelligence.

Question #7

Plesiadapiforms are also called:

A protoprimates.

B dryopithecids.

C adapids.

D proconsulids.

Question #8

When did the split between the two primate suborders (Strepsirrhini and Haplorrhini) occur?

A 100-110 million years ago

B 5-10 million years ago

C 70-80 million years ago

D 30-40 million years ago

Question #9

The evolution of apes began in Africa and continued in:

A Europe and Asia.

B Europe and South America.

C Asia and South America.

D Greece and South America.

Question #10

Placental mammals originated in the ____ Era.

A Mesozoic

B Cenozoic

C Paleozoic

D Jurassic

Question #11

The typical catarrhine dental formula is:

A 3 / 1 / 2 / 3.

B 2 / 1 / 2 / 3.

C 2 / 1 / 3 / 3.

D 1 / 1 / 2 / 3.

Question #12

Modern primates are characterized by arboreal adaptations, including:

A opposable thumbs.

B a precision grip.

C short digits.

D an expanded reliance on sense of smell.

Question #13

The Miocene featured enormous diversity in

A mammals.

B monkeys.

C apes.

D lemurs

Question #14

Relative to body size, primate brain size is larger than other terrestrial mammals:

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #15

A “conspecific” is a member of

A more than one genus.

B a different species.

C one’s family.

D the same species.

Question #16

Haplorhines differ from strepsirhines in that they:

A only nails

B are less dimorphic sexually.

C have more teeth.

D have a smaller brain relative to body size.

Question #17

One key distinguishing characteristic of primates is the presence of

A nails.

B snouts.

C tails.

D large canines.

Question #18

Basal anthropoids are:

A Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates.

B Eocene primates that are the earliest anthropoids.

C Eocene organisms that may have been the first primates.

D Paleocene primates that may have been the first anthropoids.

Question #19

Living lemurs are found only in:

A Africa.

B Asia.

C Madagascar.

D South America.

Question #20

The angiosperm radiation hypothesis proposes that:

A primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects.

B primates could see predators in advance.

C primates’ unique traits are an adaptation to living in trees.

D certain primate traits were responses to the acquisition of fruit during the Cenozoic.

Question #21

Most primates are solitary creatures that live alone.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #22

One form of communication among primates that serves to reinforce social bonds is

A smiling.

B grooming.

C lip flipping.

D spur marking.

Question #23

Strepsirhines have a special lower incisor called a:

A bilophodont.

B tooth comb.

C diastema.

D two-ridge tooth.

Question #24

What is one reason why primates develop more slowly compared to other mammals?

A Primates do not invest in each offspring.

B Primates have large bodies.

C Primates have long life spans.

D Primates reproduce very rapidly.

Question #25

Some species of Carpolestes possess which of the following primate-specific trait?

A nail

B large brains

C postorbital bar

D septum

Question #26

The angiosperm-primate coevolution hypothesis notes that the earliest primates likely ate

A tubers.

B meat.

C insects.

D fruit.

Question #27

The dental pattern of platyrrhines is:

A 2-2-3-3.

B 2-1-3-3.

C 2-2-2-3.

D 2-1-2-3.

Question #28

The most distinctive feature of ape dentition, which clearly distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is:

A a Y-5 molar pattern.

B a 2-1-2-3 dental formula.

C bilophodont molars.

D a long canine tooth in males.

Question #29

Prehensile tails are:

A present in most primates.

B made strictly of muscle.

C present only in some platyrrhines.

D present in catarrhine primates.

Question #30

Platyrrhines are found in

A India.

B Madagascar.

C the New World.

D Africa.

Question #31

Primates have long growth and development periods because:

A on average they are smaller bodied than most other mammals.

B they are like other mammals in taking a long time to develop to sexual maturity.

C they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals.

D the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates.

Question #32

Adapoids and omomyoids are considered to be ____ primates.

A proto-

B pseudo-

C early

D late

Question #33

What evidence supports grouping tarsiers with haplorrhines rather than strepsirrhines?

A presence of a wet nose

B genetic similarities

C physical appearance

D quadrupedalism

Question #34

Catarrhines’ nostrils are:

A far apart and face sideways.

B large due to their heightened sense of smell.

C wide and include a large nasal sinus.

D close together and face downward.

Question #35

The arboreal hypothesis of primate origins emphasizes primates

A long legs compared to arms.

B fruit-eating tendency.

C grasping hands and feet.

D acute sense of smell.

Question #36

Which of the following locomotion is associated with having longer arms than legs?

A bipedalism

B leaping

C quadrupedalism

D brachiation

Question #37

Many Old World primates have ____ vision that helps them easily find food.

A dichromatic

B monochromatic

C trichromatic

D non-chromatic

Question #38

The split between African apes and Asian apes likely occurred approximately ____ million years ago.

A 28-30

B 21-24

C 16-19

D 16-20

Question #39

Female reproductive strategies focus on

A accessing receptive males.

B Female reproductive strategies focus on

C obtaining food.

D niche competition.

Question #40

The visual predation hypothesis argues that the unique traits of primates evolved in order to hunt

A birds.

B reptiles.

C insects.

D mice.

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