Exam 2

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Question #1

Primates are characterized by:

A arboreal adaptation, and parental investment.

B docility, toolmaking, and lack of parental investment.

C arboreal adaptation and male dominance.

Question #2

A group’s home range is the area in which the group

A searches for food.

B encounters neighboring groups.

C finds mates.

D first evolved.

Question #3

Old World monkeys have:

A bilophodont molars.

B two sets of molars.

C Y-5 molars.

D one-inch molars.

Question #4

The Miocene was characterized by an initial warming trend, followed by the ____.

A retreat of grasslands

B expansion of forests

C retreat of tropical forests

D expansion of oceans

Question #5

Primate maternal behavior is best understood as

A innate.

B instinctual.

C socially learned.

D rarely practiced.

Question #6

The arboreal hypothesis proposes that defining primate characteristics were adaptations to life in the trees, such as:

A grasping hands and feet, developed vision, and greater intelligence.

B grasping hands, tails, and intelligence.

C developed vision, greater sense of smell, and grasping hands and feet.

D developed vision, greater sense of smell, and tails.

Question #7

Plesiadapiforms are also called:

A dryopithecids.

B adapids.

C protoprimates.

D proconsulids.

Question #8

When did the split between the two primate suborders (Strepsirrhini and Haplorrhini) occur?

A 100-110 million years ago

B 5-10 million years ago

C 30-40 million years ago

D 70-80 million years ago

Question #9

The evolution of apes began in Africa and continued in:

A Greece and South America.

B Europe and South America.

C Europe and Asia.

D Asia and South America.

Question #10

Placental mammals originated in the ____ Era.

A Cenozoic

B Mesozoic

C Jurassic

D Paleozoic

Question #11

The typical catarrhine dental formula is:

A 2 / 1 / 2 / 3.

B 2 / 1 / 3 / 3.

C 1 / 1 / 2 / 3.

D 3 / 1 / 2 / 3.

Question #12

Modern primates are characterized by arboreal adaptations, including:

A opposable thumbs.

B short digits.

C an expanded reliance on sense of smell.

D a precision grip.

Question #13

The Miocene featured enormous diversity in

A lemurs

B mammals.

C monkeys.

D apes.

Question #14

Relative to body size, primate brain size is larger than other terrestrial mammals:

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #15

A “conspecific” is a member of

A the same species.

B a different species.

C more than one genus.

D one’s family.

Question #16

Haplorhines differ from strepsirhines in that they:

A have a smaller brain relative to body size.

B have more teeth.

C are less dimorphic sexually.

D only nails

Question #17

One key distinguishing characteristic of primates is the presence of

A snouts.

B tails.

C nails.

D large canines.

Question #18

Basal anthropoids are:

A Eocene primates that are the earliest anthropoids.

B Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates.

C Paleocene primates that may have been the first anthropoids.

D Eocene organisms that may have been the first primates.

Question #19

Living lemurs are found only in:

A Asia.

B South America.

C Madagascar.

D Africa.

Question #20

The angiosperm radiation hypothesis proposes that:

A primates’ unique traits are an adaptation to living in trees.

B certain primate traits were responses to the acquisition of fruit during the Cenozoic.

C primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects.

D primates could see predators in advance.

Question #21

Most primates are solitary creatures that live alone.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #22

One form of communication among primates that serves to reinforce social bonds is

A spur marking.

B grooming.

C smiling.

D lip flipping.

Question #23

Strepsirhines have a special lower incisor called a:

A diastema.

B tooth comb.

C two-ridge tooth.

D bilophodont.

Question #24

What is one reason why primates develop more slowly compared to other mammals?

A Primates do not invest in each offspring.

B Primates reproduce very rapidly.

C Primates have long life spans.

D Primates have large bodies.

Question #25

Some species of Carpolestes possess which of the following primate-specific trait?

A nail

B septum

C postorbital bar

D large brains

Question #26

The angiosperm-primate coevolution hypothesis notes that the earliest primates likely ate

A insects.

B tubers.

C fruit.

D meat.

Question #27

The dental pattern of platyrrhines is:

A 2-2-2-3.

B 2-1-2-3.

C 2-1-3-3.

D 2-2-3-3.

Question #28

The most distinctive feature of ape dentition, which clearly distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is:

A a long canine tooth in males.

B a Y-5 molar pattern.

C a 2-1-2-3 dental formula.

D bilophodont molars.

Question #29

Prehensile tails are:

A made strictly of muscle.

B present only in some platyrrhines.

C present in catarrhine primates.

D present in most primates.

Question #30

Platyrrhines are found in

A Africa.

B Madagascar.

C India.

D the New World.

Question #31

Primates have long growth and development periods because:

A they are like other mammals in taking a long time to develop to sexual maturity.

B on average they are smaller bodied than most other mammals.

C the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates.

D they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals.

Question #32

Adapoids and omomyoids are considered to be ____ primates.

A early

B pseudo-

C late

D proto-

Question #33

What evidence supports grouping tarsiers with haplorrhines rather than strepsirrhines?

A genetic similarities

B quadrupedalism

C physical appearance

D presence of a wet nose

Question #34

Catarrhines’ nostrils are:

A large due to their heightened sense of smell.

B close together and face downward.

C wide and include a large nasal sinus.

D far apart and face sideways.

Question #35

The arboreal hypothesis of primate origins emphasizes primates

A grasping hands and feet.

B acute sense of smell.

C fruit-eating tendency.

D long legs compared to arms.

Question #36

Which of the following locomotion is associated with having longer arms than legs?

A bipedalism

B leaping

C brachiation

D quadrupedalism

Question #37

Many Old World primates have ____ vision that helps them easily find food.

A trichromatic

B dichromatic

C non-chromatic

D monochromatic

Question #38

The split between African apes and Asian apes likely occurred approximately ____ million years ago.

A 28-30

B 16-19

C 16-20

D 21-24

Question #39

Female reproductive strategies focus on

A niche competition.

B Female reproductive strategies focus on

C accessing receptive males.

D obtaining food.

Question #40

The visual predation hypothesis argues that the unique traits of primates evolved in order to hunt

A reptiles.

B insects.

C mice.

D birds.

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