Exam 2

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Question #1

Primates are characterized by:

A arboreal adaptation, and parental investment.

B docility, toolmaking, and lack of parental investment.

C arboreal adaptation and male dominance.

Question #2

A group’s home range is the area in which the group

A finds mates.

B first evolved.

C encounters neighboring groups.

D searches for food.

Question #3

Old World monkeys have:

A bilophodont molars.

B Y-5 molars.

C two sets of molars.

D one-inch molars.

Question #4

The Miocene was characterized by an initial warming trend, followed by the ____.

A expansion of forests

B expansion of oceans

C retreat of tropical forests

D retreat of grasslands

Question #5

Primate maternal behavior is best understood as

A socially learned.

B innate.

C rarely practiced.

D instinctual.

Question #6

The arboreal hypothesis proposes that defining primate characteristics were adaptations to life in the trees, such as:

A developed vision, greater sense of smell, and tails.

B developed vision, greater sense of smell, and grasping hands and feet.

C grasping hands and feet, developed vision, and greater intelligence.

D grasping hands, tails, and intelligence.

Question #7

Plesiadapiforms are also called:

A adapids.

B dryopithecids.

C protoprimates.

D proconsulids.

Question #8

When did the split between the two primate suborders (Strepsirrhini and Haplorrhini) occur?

A 30-40 million years ago

B 70-80 million years ago

C 100-110 million years ago

D 5-10 million years ago

Question #9

The evolution of apes began in Africa and continued in:

A Asia and South America.

B Europe and South America.

C Europe and Asia.

D Greece and South America.

Question #10

Placental mammals originated in the ____ Era.

A Mesozoic

B Paleozoic

C Jurassic

D Cenozoic

Question #11

The typical catarrhine dental formula is:

A 2 / 1 / 3 / 3.

B 1 / 1 / 2 / 3.

C 2 / 1 / 2 / 3.

D 3 / 1 / 2 / 3.

Question #12

Modern primates are characterized by arboreal adaptations, including:

A short digits.

B an expanded reliance on sense of smell.

C opposable thumbs.

D a precision grip.

Question #13

The Miocene featured enormous diversity in

A monkeys.

B lemurs

C apes.

D mammals.

Question #14

Relative to body size, primate brain size is larger than other terrestrial mammals:

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #15

A “conspecific” is a member of

A more than one genus.

B the same species.

C a different species.

D one’s family.

Question #16

Haplorhines differ from strepsirhines in that they:

A only nails

B have a smaller brain relative to body size.

C are less dimorphic sexually.

D have more teeth.

Question #17

One key distinguishing characteristic of primates is the presence of

A tails.

B large canines.

C nails.

D snouts.

Question #18

Basal anthropoids are:

A Eocene organisms that may have been the first primates.

B Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates.

C Eocene primates that are the earliest anthropoids.

D Paleocene primates that may have been the first anthropoids.

Question #19

Living lemurs are found only in:

A Africa.

B South America.

C Asia.

D Madagascar.

Question #20

The angiosperm radiation hypothesis proposes that:

A certain primate traits were responses to the acquisition of fruit during the Cenozoic.

B primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects.

C primates’ unique traits are an adaptation to living in trees.

D primates could see predators in advance.

Question #21

Most primates are solitary creatures that live alone.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #22

One form of communication among primates that serves to reinforce social bonds is

A lip flipping.

B grooming.

C smiling.

D spur marking.

Question #23

Strepsirhines have a special lower incisor called a:

A diastema.

B bilophodont.

C tooth comb.

D two-ridge tooth.

Question #24

What is one reason why primates develop more slowly compared to other mammals?

A Primates have long life spans.

B Primates do not invest in each offspring.

C Primates have large bodies.

D Primates reproduce very rapidly.

Question #25

Some species of Carpolestes possess which of the following primate-specific trait?

A postorbital bar

B nail

C septum

D large brains

Question #26

The angiosperm-primate coevolution hypothesis notes that the earliest primates likely ate

A meat.

B tubers.

C insects.

D fruit.

Question #27

The dental pattern of platyrrhines is:

A 2-1-2-3.

B 2-2-2-3.

C 2-1-3-3.

D 2-2-3-3.

Question #28

The most distinctive feature of ape dentition, which clearly distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is:

A a Y-5 molar pattern.

B bilophodont molars.

C a 2-1-2-3 dental formula.

D a long canine tooth in males.

Question #29

Prehensile tails are:

A present only in some platyrrhines.

B present in most primates.

C present in catarrhine primates.

D made strictly of muscle.

Question #30

Platyrrhines are found in

A the New World.

B Africa.

C India.

D Madagascar.

Question #31

Primates have long growth and development periods because:

A on average they are smaller bodied than most other mammals.

B they are like other mammals in taking a long time to develop to sexual maturity.

C the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates.

D they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals.

Question #32

Adapoids and omomyoids are considered to be ____ primates.

A early

B pseudo-

C late

D proto-

Question #33

What evidence supports grouping tarsiers with haplorrhines rather than strepsirrhines?

A physical appearance

B quadrupedalism

C genetic similarities

D presence of a wet nose

Question #34

Catarrhines’ nostrils are:

A close together and face downward.

B large due to their heightened sense of smell.

C far apart and face sideways.

D wide and include a large nasal sinus.

Question #35

The arboreal hypothesis of primate origins emphasizes primates

A fruit-eating tendency.

B long legs compared to arms.

C acute sense of smell.

D grasping hands and feet.

Question #36

Which of the following locomotion is associated with having longer arms than legs?

A quadrupedalism

B bipedalism

C leaping

D brachiation

Question #37

Many Old World primates have ____ vision that helps them easily find food.

A non-chromatic

B monochromatic

C trichromatic

D dichromatic

Question #38

The split between African apes and Asian apes likely occurred approximately ____ million years ago.

A 16-19

B 28-30

C 16-20

D 21-24

Question #39

Female reproductive strategies focus on

A obtaining food.

B accessing receptive males.

C niche competition.

D Female reproductive strategies focus on

Question #40

The visual predation hypothesis argues that the unique traits of primates evolved in order to hunt

A insects.

B birds.

C reptiles.

D mice.

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