Midterm Exam

A  pray

B  take standardized tests

C  be bused

D  desegregate

A  creates a clear and present danger

B  is critical of the government

C  is a prior restraint

D  qualifies as hate speech

A  the Roth test

B  prior restraint

C  symbolic speech

D  probable cause

A  right to marry

B  right to vote

C  right to travel

D  right to privacy

A  trials without a jury

B  double jeopardy

C  unreasonable search and seizure

D  self-incrimination

A  Third

B  Fifteenth

C  Tenth

D  Eighth

A  asserting innocence

B  benefiting financially from that crime

C  being tried again for the same crime

D  seeking the assistance of an attorney

A  family

B  privacy

C  commerce

D  sexual freedom

A  displays of religious symbols during holidays

B  recitation of prayer and Bible passages in school

C  teaching of evolution in school

D  displays of religious symbols on government buildings

A  an inconvenient truth

B  any additional constraints

C  an undue burden

D  a prior restraint

A  a phone call

B  a jury trial

C  quick and speedy trial

D  speak to an attorney

A  Lemon

B  Orange

C  Prior Restraint

D  Free Exercise

A  before the fact

B  that is illegal

C  after the fact

D  that is critical of the government

A  The state could regulate it if the mother’s life were in danger.

B  The state could ban the abortion unless the mother’s life was in danger.

C  The state could ban it.

D  The state could do very little to limit a woman’s right to an abortion.

A  witnesses

B  property loss

C  actual malice

D  a written record

A  free exercise

B  eminent domain

C  establishment

D  incorporation

A  reasonable bail

B  assistance of counsel

C  a written indictment

D  the right to parole

A  slander; libel

B  libel; defamation

C  libel; slander

D  slander; defamation

A  Roe v. Wade

B  US v. Morrison

C  Lawrence v. Texas

D  New York Times v. Sullivan

A  It lowers overall tax rates.

B  It lowers voter turnout.

C  It increases the gross domestic product.

D  It increases citizens’ access to government.

A  the quality of policies can vary from state to state.

B  citizens can choose to live in those areas that have the policies they prefer

C  states can figure out which policies work best for them

D  the state governments can nullify laws passed by Congress

A  A loose association of states constitutionally created by a strong central government.

B  A constitutional arrangement by which two or more levels of government share formal authority over the same area and people.

C  A constitutional arrangement concentrating power in a central government.

D  A loose association of states with mutually recognized compacts but no central government.

A  pineapple-upside-down-cake

B  cupcake

C  marble-cake

D  layer-cake

A  block grants

B  categorical grants

C  programmatic requests

D  business grants

A  coin money

B  operate prisons

C  create courts

D  establish schools

A  full faith and credit

B  due process

C  supremacy

D  equal protection

A  combined

B  dual

C  progressive

D  cooperative

A  dual federalism

B  progressive federalism

C  cooperative federalism

D  new federalism

A  conglomeration

B  direct democracy

C  confederation

D  oligarchy

A  challenging the power of the states

B  centralizing power in the federal government

C  limiting the national government

D  regulating interstate commerce

A  Eleventh

B  Third

C  Sixth

D  Twelfth

A  redevelopment

B  devolution

C  evolution

D  excavation

A  due process

B  equal protection

C  commerce

D  full faith and credit

A  Eleventh

B  Fourteenth

C  Tenth

D  Eighth

A  Confederation

B  Declaration

C  Federalism

D  Independence

A  Unaddressed past discrimination causes perpetual inequality.

B  Diversity helps Americans better understand each other.

C  Discrimination is a natural part of the human experience.

D  Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.

A  School segregation violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection.

B  The separate-but-equal doctrine was never intended to apply to people.

C  The quality of life for African Americans in the South had deteriorated considerably since the adoption of the separate-but-equal doctrine.

D  The Supreme Court did not have all of the facts when it adopted the separate-but-equal doctrine.

A  because it was clear that many areas in the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment

B  the Supreme Court had determined that only the national government could regulate elections

C  to prevent the race riots from spreading from African American neighborhoods into traditionally white neighborhoods

D  because Congress was afraid the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. would lead a boycott of white businesses if the legislation was not passed

A  Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.

B  All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.

C  Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.

D  Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.

A  It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.

B  It has ensured that the courts evaluate gender discrimination using the inherently suspect test.

C  It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the workplace.

D  It has eliminated gender discrimination in the military.

A  an employer who systematically pays women less than men for doing comparable work

B  a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women

C  an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community

D  a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women’s reproductive health

A  Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.

B  Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in hiring and promotion decisions.

C  Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level civil service jobs.

D  Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level.

A  considering how an applicant would contribute to the diversity of the university

B  considering race as a factor in university admissions decisions

C  setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students

D  admitting some minority applicants with lower academic achievement than some rejected white applicants

A  affirmative action policies are subject to an intermediate standard whereby they are presumed to be permissible

B  affirmative action policies maybe broadly tailored to accomplish a compelling government interest

C  affirmative action policies must be scrutinized using the same suspect standard that is used for other policies classifying people by race

D  affirmative action policies must be designed to address past discrimination without taking into account race, ethnicity, religion, or creed

A  disabled Americans

B  Asian Americans

C  gays and lesbians

D  American Indians

A  Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly.

B  The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.

C  What was the basis for the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?

D  Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation.

A  It was unconstitutional, but it was too late to do anything about it.

B  It did not pass the strict scrutiny test, and the internment was promptly terminated.

C  It was unconstitutional, and Japanese Americans must be duly compensated.

D  It was legally permissible.

A  voter discrimination

B  racial segregation

C  lynchings by the Ku Klux Klan

D  racial quotas

A  property or chattel

B  eligible to vote

C  citizens

D  separate but equal

A  Jim Crow laws

B  racial quotas in university admissions

C  all forms of affirmative action

D  grandfather clauses

A  voters

B  losing candidates

C  winning candidates

D  nonvoters

A  the 1965 Voting Rights Act

B  Korematsu v. United States

C  the Nineteenth Amendment

D  Reed v. Reed

A  property ownership

B  economic status

C  race

D  involvement in insurrection

A  due process

B  jurisdiction

C  equal protection

D  privileges and immunities

A  national referendum

B  natural law

C  congressional inaction

D  judicial interpretation

A  by a majority of state governors

B  by a two-thirds vote in each house of Congress

C  by a majority of voting-age citizens

D  by a two-thirds vote in a special election called for the purpose of voting on the amendment

A  shorter terms of office

B  a stronger national government

C  stronger protections of individual liberties

D  stronger state governments

A  the right to revolt

B  the consent of the governed

C  government itself

D  the divine right of kings

A  The Federalists

B  Anti-Masons

C  Whigs

D  The Anti-Federalists

A  Republican Plan

B  New Jersey Plan

C  Democratic Plan

D  Virginia Plan

A  The Constitution contained stronger safeguards for states’ rights than did the Articles of Confederation.

B  The Constitution contained strong protections for individual rights; the Articles of Confederation contained strong protections for collective rights.

C  The Constitution was based on democratic principles; the Articles of Confederation was based on tyrannical principles.

D  The Constitution created a stronger national government than did the Articles of Confederation.

A  oversight and influence

B  privileges and immunities

C  checks and balances

D  weights and measures

A  King Caucus

B  direct popular election

C  electoral college

D  People’s Plebiscite

A  a single chamber whose members were appointed by the president

B  a single chamber with membership based on a state’s population

C  a single chamber with each state receiving equal power

D  two chambers

A  taxation of private property

B  infringement of religious freedom

C  free speech infringement

D  unlawful detention

A  John Locke

B  Gramm Rudman

C  John Boehner

D  Daniel Shays

A  a private action

B  a commercial act

C  a form of due process

D  free speech

A  legislative

B  judicial

C  executive

D  bureaucratic

A  15

B  36

C  27

D  10

A  the Constitutional Convention

B  the Committees of Correspondence

C  the Common Sense Committee

D  the Continental Congress

A  the Declaration of Independence

B  the Articles of Confederation

C  Magna Carta

D  Declaration of the Rights of Man

A  Constitutional law

B  positive rights

C  natural rights

D  intrinsic laws

A  The age of the demographic that consumes television news is much higher on average than those that consume alternative sources of news.

B  Today’s generation of young adults is significantly more likely to read newspapers than their elders.

C  Children who develop positive feelings toward political authorities grow into adults who are not easily disenchanted with politics.

D  Political socialization is more important to governments than to individuals.

A  Civil disobedience involves violence; a protest is peaceful.

B  Civil disobedience involves intentionally breaking a law; a protest involves getting attention from the media.

C  Civil disobedience involves unintentionally breaking a law; a protest involves intentionally breaking a law.

D  Civil disobedience is involuntary; a protest is voluntary.

A  government workers would likely unionize

B  government-run services would likely be privatized

C  government programs to help individuals invest their Social Security income would likely be higher on the political agenda

D  government programs to alleviate economic inequality would likely be higher on the political agenda

A  citizens in the school district

B  parents

C  parents of children under age 18

D  women with children

A  running for public office as a third party candidate

B  staging a sit-in

C  signing a petition in a school parking lot

D  gathering signatures for a proposed ballot measure

A  Prayer belongs in school.

B  Taxes and spending should be kept low.

C  The United States should stop letting criminals hide behind the law.

D  Government should regulate the economy in the public interest.

A  political participation and suspicion of out-groups

B  political participation and strength of party attachment

C  candidate loyalty and authoritarianism

D  liberalism and political tolerance

A  The number of seats each state has in the House is based on a state’s population, which changes over time.

B  Each congressional district must be redrawn to reflect changes in the state’s population.

C  The majority party in the House of Representatives is determined by each state’s proportion of party-affiliated voters.

D  The Constitution requires that each state’s taxes be proportional to the size of its population.

A  Most new immigrants were from northwestern Europe.

B  The flow of low-income immigrant families from Mexico increased.

C  Most new immigrants were being reunited with family in the United States.

D  The flow of immigrant families with children decreased.

A  overthrowing the government

B  affecting public policy change

C  influencing voting behavior

D  informing the public about the candidates

A  all the activities used by citizens to socialize their children to the political process

B  the capacity of individuals (or groups) to exert their own political will

C  a measure of the minimum requirements needed to vote

D  all the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue

A  Conservatives are overrepresented at the polls.

B  Liberals are overrepresented at the polls.

C  Democrats are overrepresented at the polls.

D  Young citizens are overrepresented at the polls.

A  information the census collects helps to determine how more than $400 billion in federal funding is spent each year

B  information from the census determines tax rates

C  participation indicates the legitimacy of government and of laws passed by Congress

D  changes in the U.S. population affect membership in political parties

A  Men consume considerably more political news than do women.

B  Older people consume more political news than do younger people.

C  West Coast residents consume more political news than do East Coast residents.

D  Working-class people consume more political news than do wealthier people.

A  volunteering with a campaign

B  protesting

C  writing letters to the editor

D  contacting government officials

A  the predominance of liberals in the United States

B  the absence of pluralist thinking in the United States

C  the predominance of conservatives in the United States

D  the absence of moderates in the United States

A  political parties

B  Congress

C  ordinary citizens

D  big business

A  Many groups vie for power with no one group dominating politics.

B  Congress is stronger and more influential than the presidency.

C  Too many influential groups cripple government’s ability to govern.

D  Because most citizens fail to pay attention to serious issues, government has become an elite institution.

A  a budgetary choice

B  a presidential action

C  a congressional statute

D  a regulation

A  egalitarian

B  populist

C  pluralist

D  laissez-faire

A  government

B  public policy

C  political culture

D  politics

A  hyperpluralism

B  majority rule

C  federalism

D  pluralism

A  elitism

B  pluralism

C  balance of power

D  policy gridlock

A  pluralism

B  representation

C  majority rule

D  enlightened rule

A  universal citizenship

B  inclusion

C  one person, one vote

D  freedom of speech and of the press

A  a system that ensures freedom, justice, and peace to all citizens

B  a system that selects policymakers and organizes government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences

C  a system that perpetuates the status quo and upholds the values of the party in power

D  a system that grants a status of privilege to the most active and informed voters

A  the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other political actors

B  the issues that are asked about on public opinion polls

C  all of the issues that candidates talk about on the campaign trail

D  the issues that concern single-issue interest groups

A  Congress

B  political culture

C  government

D  the courts