Midterm Exam

A  desegregate

B  take standardized tests

C  be bused

D  pray

A  creates a clear and present danger

B  is critical of the government

C  is a prior restraint

D  qualifies as hate speech

A  prior restraint

B  probable cause

C  the Roth test

D  symbolic speech

A  right to marry

B  right to privacy

C  right to travel

D  right to vote

A  self-incrimination

B  unreasonable search and seizure

C  trials without a jury

D  double jeopardy

A  Tenth

B  Third

C  Eighth

D  Fifteenth

A  being tried again for the same crime

B  benefiting financially from that crime

C  seeking the assistance of an attorney

D  asserting innocence

A  sexual freedom

B  family

C  privacy

D  commerce

A  displays of religious symbols during holidays

B  recitation of prayer and Bible passages in school

C  displays of religious symbols on government buildings

D  teaching of evolution in school

A  a prior restraint

B  an inconvenient truth

C  any additional constraints

D  an undue burden

A  speak to an attorney

B  quick and speedy trial

C  a phone call

D  a jury trial

A  Free Exercise

B  Lemon

C  Orange

D  Prior Restraint

A  before the fact

B  that is illegal

C  after the fact

D  that is critical of the government

A  The state could ban it.

B  The state could ban the abortion unless the mother’s life was in danger.

C  The state could regulate it if the mother’s life were in danger.

D  The state could do very little to limit a woman’s right to an abortion.

A  a written record

B  witnesses

C  actual malice

D  property loss

A  establishment

B  incorporation

C  eminent domain

D  free exercise

A  a written indictment

B  the right to parole

C  assistance of counsel

D  reasonable bail

A  libel; defamation

B  libel; slander

C  slander; libel

D  slander; defamation

A  New York Times v. Sullivan

B  Lawrence v. Texas

C  Roe v. Wade

D  US v. Morrison

A  It increases citizens’ access to government.

B  It lowers overall tax rates.

C  It increases the gross domestic product.

D  It lowers voter turnout.

A  states can figure out which policies work best for them

B  citizens can choose to live in those areas that have the policies they prefer

C  the quality of policies can vary from state to state.

D  the state governments can nullify laws passed by Congress

A  A loose association of states with mutually recognized compacts but no central government.

B  A constitutional arrangement concentrating power in a central government.

C  A loose association of states constitutionally created by a strong central government.

D  A constitutional arrangement by which two or more levels of government share formal authority over the same area and people.

A  layer-cake

B  marble-cake

C  pineapple-upside-down-cake

D  cupcake

A  business grants

B  programmatic requests

C  categorical grants

D  block grants

A  coin money

B  create courts

C  operate prisons

D  establish schools

A  equal protection

B  full faith and credit

C  due process

D  supremacy

A  progressive

B  combined

C  dual

D  cooperative

A  new federalism

B  dual federalism

C  cooperative federalism

D  progressive federalism

A  direct democracy

B  confederation

C  conglomeration

D  oligarchy

A  centralizing power in the federal government

B  limiting the national government

C  regulating interstate commerce

D  challenging the power of the states

A  Eleventh

B  Twelfth

C  Third

D  Sixth

A  evolution

B  excavation

C  redevelopment

D  devolution

A  full faith and credit

B  commerce

C  equal protection

D  due process

A  Eighth

B  Tenth

C  Fourteenth

D  Eleventh

A  Confederation

B  Declaration

C  Independence

D  Federalism

A  Diversity helps Americans better understand each other.

B  Discrimination is a natural part of the human experience.

C  Unaddressed past discrimination causes perpetual inequality.

D  Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.

A  The quality of life for African Americans in the South had deteriorated considerably since the adoption of the separate-but-equal doctrine.

B  School segregation violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection.

C  The Supreme Court did not have all of the facts when it adopted the separate-but-equal doctrine.

D  The separate-but-equal doctrine was never intended to apply to people.

A  because Congress was afraid the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. would lead a boycott of white businesses if the legislation was not passed

B  because it was clear that many areas in the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment

C  the Supreme Court had determined that only the national government could regulate elections

D  to prevent the race riots from spreading from African American neighborhoods into traditionally white neighborhoods

A  Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.

B  Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.

C  Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.

D  All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.

A  It has eliminated gender discrimination in the military.

B  It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.

C  It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the workplace.

D  It has ensured that the courts evaluate gender discrimination using the inherently suspect test.

A  an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community

B  a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women

C  an employer who systematically pays women less than men for doing comparable work

D  a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women’s reproductive health

A  Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level.

B  Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.

C  Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in hiring and promotion decisions.

D  Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level civil service jobs.

A  admitting some minority applicants with lower academic achievement than some rejected white applicants

B  considering race as a factor in university admissions decisions

C  setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students

D  considering how an applicant would contribute to the diversity of the university

A  affirmative action policies must be scrutinized using the same suspect standard that is used for other policies classifying people by race

B  affirmative action policies must be designed to address past discrimination without taking into account race, ethnicity, religion, or creed

C  affirmative action policies are subject to an intermediate standard whereby they are presumed to be permissible

D  affirmative action policies maybe broadly tailored to accomplish a compelling government interest

A  Asian Americans

B  disabled Americans

C  gays and lesbians

D  American Indians

A  Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation.

B  What was the basis for the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?

C  Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly.

D  The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.

A  It was unconstitutional, and Japanese Americans must be duly compensated.

B  It did not pass the strict scrutiny test, and the internment was promptly terminated.

C  It was unconstitutional, but it was too late to do anything about it.

D  It was legally permissible.

A  voter discrimination

B  racial segregation

C  racial quotas

D  lynchings by the Ku Klux Klan

A  citizens

B  property or chattel

C  eligible to vote

D  separate but equal

A  racial quotas in university admissions

B  all forms of affirmative action

C  grandfather clauses

D  Jim Crow laws

A  losing candidates

B  winning candidates

C  nonvoters

D  voters

A  Reed v. Reed

B  Korematsu v. United States

C  the Nineteenth Amendment

D  the 1965 Voting Rights Act

A  race

B  involvement in insurrection

C  property ownership

D  economic status

A  due process

B  privileges and immunities

C  jurisdiction

D  equal protection

A  judicial interpretation

B  national referendum

C  natural law

D  congressional inaction

A  by a majority of voting-age citizens

B  by a two-thirds vote in a special election called for the purpose of voting on the amendment

C  by a two-thirds vote in each house of Congress

D  by a majority of state governors

A  stronger state governments

B  stronger protections of individual liberties

C  shorter terms of office

D  a stronger national government

A  the divine right of kings

B  the right to revolt

C  government itself

D  the consent of the governed

A  Whigs

B  The Federalists

C  Anti-Masons

D  The Anti-Federalists

A  New Jersey Plan

B  Virginia Plan

C  Republican Plan

D  Democratic Plan

A  The Constitution was based on democratic principles; the Articles of Confederation was based on tyrannical principles.

B  The Constitution contained stronger safeguards for states’ rights than did the Articles of Confederation.

C  The Constitution created a stronger national government than did the Articles of Confederation.

D  The Constitution contained strong protections for individual rights; the Articles of Confederation contained strong protections for collective rights.

A  oversight and influence

B  weights and measures

C  checks and balances

D  privileges and immunities

A  electoral college

B  King Caucus

C  direct popular election

D  People’s Plebiscite

A  a single chamber whose members were appointed by the president

B  two chambers

C  a single chamber with membership based on a state’s population

D  a single chamber with each state receiving equal power

A  infringement of religious freedom

B  free speech infringement

C  taxation of private property

D  unlawful detention

A  Gramm Rudman

B  John Locke

C  John Boehner

D  Daniel Shays

A  a commercial act

B  free speech

C  a form of due process

D  a private action

A  executive

B  judicial

C  bureaucratic

D  legislative

A  15

B  36

C  27

D  10

A  the Common Sense Committee

B  the Committees of Correspondence

C  the Constitutional Convention

D  the Continental Congress

A  the Declaration of Independence

B  the Articles of Confederation

C  Declaration of the Rights of Man

D  Magna Carta

A  positive rights

B  Constitutional law

C  intrinsic laws

D  natural rights

A  Children who develop positive feelings toward political authorities grow into adults who are not easily disenchanted with politics.

B  The age of the demographic that consumes television news is much higher on average than those that consume alternative sources of news.

C  Today’s generation of young adults is significantly more likely to read newspapers than their elders.

D  Political socialization is more important to governments than to individuals.

A  Civil disobedience involves intentionally breaking a law; a protest involves getting attention from the media.

B  Civil disobedience involves unintentionally breaking a law; a protest involves intentionally breaking a law.

C  Civil disobedience is involuntary; a protest is voluntary.

D  Civil disobedience involves violence; a protest is peaceful.

A  government workers would likely unionize

B  government programs to alleviate economic inequality would likely be higher on the political agenda

C  government programs to help individuals invest their Social Security income would likely be higher on the political agenda

D  government-run services would likely be privatized

A  parents of children under age 18

B  women with children

C  citizens in the school district

D  parents

A  running for public office as a third party candidate

B  signing a petition in a school parking lot

C  gathering signatures for a proposed ballot measure

D  staging a sit-in

A  Taxes and spending should be kept low.

B  Prayer belongs in school.

C  Government should regulate the economy in the public interest.

D  The United States should stop letting criminals hide behind the law.

A  liberalism and political tolerance

B  political participation and strength of party attachment

C  candidate loyalty and authoritarianism

D  political participation and suspicion of out-groups

A  The majority party in the House of Representatives is determined by each state’s proportion of party-affiliated voters.

B  Each congressional district must be redrawn to reflect changes in the state’s population.

C  The number of seats each state has in the House is based on a state’s population, which changes over time.

D  The Constitution requires that each state’s taxes be proportional to the size of its population.

A  The flow of immigrant families with children decreased.

B  The flow of low-income immigrant families from Mexico increased.

C  Most new immigrants were being reunited with family in the United States.

D  Most new immigrants were from northwestern Europe.

A  informing the public about the candidates

B  influencing voting behavior

C  affecting public policy change

D  overthrowing the government

A  all the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue

B  a measure of the minimum requirements needed to vote

C  the capacity of individuals (or groups) to exert their own political will

D  all the activities used by citizens to socialize their children to the political process

A  Liberals are overrepresented at the polls.

B  Conservatives are overrepresented at the polls.

C  Democrats are overrepresented at the polls.

D  Young citizens are overrepresented at the polls.

A  participation indicates the legitimacy of government and of laws passed by Congress

B  information from the census determines tax rates

C  information the census collects helps to determine how more than $400 billion in federal funding is spent each year

D  changes in the U.S. population affect membership in political parties

A  West Coast residents consume more political news than do East Coast residents.

B  Men consume considerably more political news than do women.

C  Working-class people consume more political news than do wealthier people.

D  Older people consume more political news than do younger people.

A  volunteering with a campaign

B  protesting

C  writing letters to the editor

D  contacting government officials

A  the predominance of conservatives in the United States

B  the absence of pluralist thinking in the United States

C  the absence of moderates in the United States

D  the predominance of liberals in the United States

A  ordinary citizens

B  Congress

C  big business

D  political parties

A  Because most citizens fail to pay attention to serious issues, government has become an elite institution.

B  Congress is stronger and more influential than the presidency.

C  Too many influential groups cripple government’s ability to govern.

D  Many groups vie for power with no one group dominating politics.

A  a regulation

B  a congressional statute

C  a presidential action

D  a budgetary choice

A  pluralist

B  egalitarian

C  laissez-faire

D  populist

A  politics

B  public policy

C  government

D  political culture

A  pluralism

B  majority rule

C  hyperpluralism

D  federalism

A  policy gridlock

B  pluralism

C  balance of power

D  elitism

A  majority rule

B  pluralism

C  enlightened rule

D  representation

A  universal citizenship

B  freedom of speech and of the press

C  inclusion

D  one person, one vote

A  a system that ensures freedom, justice, and peace to all citizens

B  a system that grants a status of privilege to the most active and informed voters

C  a system that selects policymakers and organizes government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences

D  a system that perpetuates the status quo and upholds the values of the party in power

A  all of the issues that candidates talk about on the campaign trail

B  the issues that are asked about on public opinion polls

C  the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other political actors

D  the issues that concern single-issue interest groups

A  government

B  the courts

C  Congress

D  political culture