Midterm Exam

A  desegregate

B  be bused

C  take standardized tests

D  pray

A  is a prior restraint

B  is critical of the government

C  creates a clear and present danger

D  qualifies as hate speech

A  symbolic speech

B  probable cause

C  prior restraint

D  the Roth test

A  right to privacy

B  right to travel

C  right to marry

D  right to vote

A  unreasonable search and seizure

B  self-incrimination

C  trials without a jury

D  double jeopardy

A  Eighth

B  Fifteenth

C  Tenth

D  Third

A  asserting innocence

B  being tried again for the same crime

C  seeking the assistance of an attorney

D  benefiting financially from that crime

A  privacy

B  commerce

C  family

D  sexual freedom

A  displays of religious symbols on government buildings

B  displays of religious symbols during holidays

C  teaching of evolution in school

D  recitation of prayer and Bible passages in school

A  an inconvenient truth

B  a prior restraint

C  any additional constraints

D  an undue burden

A  a jury trial

B  speak to an attorney

C  quick and speedy trial

D  a phone call

A  Lemon

B  Free Exercise

C  Prior Restraint

D  Orange

A  that is illegal

B  that is critical of the government

C  before the fact

D  after the fact

A  The state could ban the abortion unless the mother’s life was in danger.

B  The state could regulate it if the mother’s life were in danger.

C  The state could do very little to limit a woman’s right to an abortion.

D  The state could ban it.

A  witnesses

B  a written record

C  property loss

D  actual malice

A  incorporation

B  establishment

C  free exercise

D  eminent domain

A  reasonable bail

B  a written indictment

C  assistance of counsel

D  the right to parole

A  libel; slander

B  slander; libel

C  slander; defamation

D  libel; defamation

A  US v. Morrison

B  New York Times v. Sullivan

C  Roe v. Wade

D  Lawrence v. Texas

A  It increases citizens’ access to government.

B  It lowers overall tax rates.

C  It increases the gross domestic product.

D  It lowers voter turnout.

A  states can figure out which policies work best for them

B  the state governments can nullify laws passed by Congress

C  citizens can choose to live in those areas that have the policies they prefer

D  the quality of policies can vary from state to state.

A  A constitutional arrangement concentrating power in a central government.

B  A loose association of states constitutionally created by a strong central government.

C  A constitutional arrangement by which two or more levels of government share formal authority over the same area and people.

D  A loose association of states with mutually recognized compacts but no central government.

A  layer-cake

B  marble-cake

C  pineapple-upside-down-cake

D  cupcake

A  block grants

B  programmatic requests

C  business grants

D  categorical grants

A  establish schools

B  operate prisons

C  create courts

D  coin money

A  due process

B  full faith and credit

C  supremacy

D  equal protection

A  cooperative

B  dual

C  combined

D  progressive

A  progressive federalism

B  cooperative federalism

C  dual federalism

D  new federalism

A  oligarchy

B  conglomeration

C  confederation

D  direct democracy

A  limiting the national government

B  centralizing power in the federal government

C  regulating interstate commerce

D  challenging the power of the states

A  Sixth

B  Third

C  Eleventh

D  Twelfth

A  redevelopment

B  devolution

C  evolution

D  excavation

A  full faith and credit

B  commerce

C  equal protection

D  due process

A  Tenth

B  Eleventh

C  Eighth

D  Fourteenth

A  Confederation

B  Federalism

C  Independence

D  Declaration

A  Diversity helps Americans better understand each other.

B  Unaddressed past discrimination causes perpetual inequality.

C  Discrimination is a natural part of the human experience.

D  Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.

A  The separate-but-equal doctrine was never intended to apply to people.

B  The Supreme Court did not have all of the facts when it adopted the separate-but-equal doctrine.

C  The quality of life for African Americans in the South had deteriorated considerably since the adoption of the separate-but-equal doctrine.

D  School segregation violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection.

A  the Supreme Court had determined that only the national government could regulate elections

B  to prevent the race riots from spreading from African American neighborhoods into traditionally white neighborhoods

C  because it was clear that many areas in the South had no intention of living up to the spirit of the Fifteenth Amendment

D  because Congress was afraid the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. would lead a boycott of white businesses if the legislation was not passed

A  All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.

B  Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance.

C  Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems.

D  Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.

A  It has eliminated gender discrimination in the military.

B  It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the workplace.

C  It has ensured that the courts evaluate gender discrimination using the inherently suspect test.

D  It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.

A  an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community

B  a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women’s reproductive health

C  a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women

D  an employer who systematically pays women less than men for doing comparable work

A  Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.

B  Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level.

C  Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level civil service jobs.

D  Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in hiring and promotion decisions.

A  considering how an applicant would contribute to the diversity of the university

B  setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students

C  admitting some minority applicants with lower academic achievement than some rejected white applicants

D  considering race as a factor in university admissions decisions

A  affirmative action policies must be scrutinized using the same suspect standard that is used for other policies classifying people by race

B  affirmative action policies must be designed to address past discrimination without taking into account race, ethnicity, religion, or creed

C  affirmative action policies maybe broadly tailored to accomplish a compelling government interest

D  affirmative action policies are subject to an intermediate standard whereby they are presumed to be permissible

A  Asian Americans

B  disabled Americans

C  gays and lesbians

D  American Indians

A  Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly.

B  Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce, which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation.

C  The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.

D  What was the basis for the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?

A  It did not pass the strict scrutiny test, and the internment was promptly terminated.

B  It was unconstitutional, but it was too late to do anything about it.

C  It was unconstitutional, and Japanese Americans must be duly compensated.

D  It was legally permissible.

A  racial segregation

B  racial quotas

C  lynchings by the Ku Klux Klan

D  voter discrimination

A  citizens

B  property or chattel

C  separate but equal

D  eligible to vote

A  grandfather clauses

B  Jim Crow laws

C  racial quotas in university admissions

D  all forms of affirmative action

A  nonvoters

B  voters

C  winning candidates

D  losing candidates

A  the Nineteenth Amendment

B  the 1965 Voting Rights Act

C  Korematsu v. United States

D  Reed v. Reed

A  involvement in insurrection

B  economic status

C  race

D  property ownership

A  equal protection

B  jurisdiction

C  privileges and immunities

D  due process

A  national referendum

B  judicial interpretation

C  congressional inaction

D  natural law

A  by a majority of state governors

B  by a two-thirds vote in a special election called for the purpose of voting on the amendment

C  by a majority of voting-age citizens

D  by a two-thirds vote in each house of Congress

A  stronger protections of individual liberties

B  stronger state governments

C  shorter terms of office

D  a stronger national government

A  the consent of the governed

B  government itself

C  the right to revolt

D  the divine right of kings

A  Anti-Masons

B  The Federalists

C  The Anti-Federalists

D  Whigs

A  Virginia Plan

B  New Jersey Plan

C  Republican Plan

D  Democratic Plan

A  The Constitution created a stronger national government than did the Articles of Confederation.

B  The Constitution contained stronger safeguards for states’ rights than did the Articles of Confederation.

C  The Constitution contained strong protections for individual rights; the Articles of Confederation contained strong protections for collective rights.

D  The Constitution was based on democratic principles; the Articles of Confederation was based on tyrannical principles.

A  weights and measures

B  checks and balances

C  oversight and influence

D  privileges and immunities

A  electoral college

B  People’s Plebiscite

C  direct popular election

D  King Caucus

A  two chambers

B  a single chamber with each state receiving equal power

C  a single chamber with membership based on a state’s population

D  a single chamber whose members were appointed by the president

A  infringement of religious freedom

B  unlawful detention

C  free speech infringement

D  taxation of private property

A  Gramm Rudman

B  Daniel Shays

C  John Locke

D  John Boehner

A  free speech

B  a private action

C  a form of due process

D  a commercial act

A  judicial

B  legislative

C  bureaucratic

D  executive

A  15

B  36

C  10

D  27

A  the Committees of Correspondence

B  the Constitutional Convention

C  the Continental Congress

D  the Common Sense Committee

A  the Declaration of Independence

B  the Articles of Confederation

C  Declaration of the Rights of Man

D  Magna Carta

A  intrinsic laws

B  Constitutional law

C  positive rights

D  natural rights

A  Political socialization is more important to governments than to individuals.

B  The age of the demographic that consumes television news is much higher on average than those that consume alternative sources of news.

C  Children who develop positive feelings toward political authorities grow into adults who are not easily disenchanted with politics.

D  Today’s generation of young adults is significantly more likely to read newspapers than their elders.

A  Civil disobedience involves unintentionally breaking a law; a protest involves intentionally breaking a law.

B  Civil disobedience is involuntary; a protest is voluntary.

C  Civil disobedience involves violence; a protest is peaceful.

D  Civil disobedience involves intentionally breaking a law; a protest involves getting attention from the media.

A  government programs to alleviate economic inequality would likely be higher on the political agenda

B  government workers would likely unionize

C  government programs to help individuals invest their Social Security income would likely be higher on the political agenda

D  government-run services would likely be privatized

A  women with children

B  citizens in the school district

C  parents

D  parents of children under age 18

A  gathering signatures for a proposed ballot measure

B  running for public office as a third party candidate

C  signing a petition in a school parking lot

D  staging a sit-in

A  Taxes and spending should be kept low.

B  Government should regulate the economy in the public interest.

C  The United States should stop letting criminals hide behind the law.

D  Prayer belongs in school.

A  liberalism and political tolerance

B  political participation and strength of party attachment

C  candidate loyalty and authoritarianism

D  political participation and suspicion of out-groups

A  The number of seats each state has in the House is based on a state’s population, which changes over time.

B  The majority party in the House of Representatives is determined by each state’s proportion of party-affiliated voters.

C  Each congressional district must be redrawn to reflect changes in the state’s population.

D  The Constitution requires that each state’s taxes be proportional to the size of its population.

A  Most new immigrants were being reunited with family in the United States.

B  The flow of low-income immigrant families from Mexico increased.

C  Most new immigrants were from northwestern Europe.

D  The flow of immigrant families with children decreased.

A  informing the public about the candidates

B  overthrowing the government

C  influencing voting behavior

D  affecting public policy change

A  all the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue

B  all the activities used by citizens to socialize their children to the political process

C  the capacity of individuals (or groups) to exert their own political will

D  a measure of the minimum requirements needed to vote

A  Young citizens are overrepresented at the polls.

B  Conservatives are overrepresented at the polls.

C  Liberals are overrepresented at the polls.

D  Democrats are overrepresented at the polls.

A  information from the census determines tax rates

B  information the census collects helps to determine how more than $400 billion in federal funding is spent each year

C  participation indicates the legitimacy of government and of laws passed by Congress

D  changes in the U.S. population affect membership in political parties

A  Men consume considerably more political news than do women.

B  Older people consume more political news than do younger people.

C  Working-class people consume more political news than do wealthier people.

D  West Coast residents consume more political news than do East Coast residents.

A  volunteering with a campaign

B  writing letters to the editor

C  protesting

D  contacting government officials

A  the predominance of conservatives in the United States

B  the predominance of liberals in the United States

C  the absence of moderates in the United States

D  the absence of pluralist thinking in the United States

A  big business

B  political parties

C  ordinary citizens

D  Congress

A  Congress is stronger and more influential than the presidency.

B  Too many influential groups cripple government’s ability to govern.

C  Because most citizens fail to pay attention to serious issues, government has become an elite institution.

D  Many groups vie for power with no one group dominating politics.

A  a presidential action

B  a congressional statute

C  a regulation

D  a budgetary choice

A  pluralist

B  populist

C  egalitarian

D  laissez-faire

A  political culture

B  politics

C  public policy

D  government

A  majority rule

B  pluralism

C  hyperpluralism

D  federalism

A  policy gridlock

B  balance of power

C  pluralism

D  elitism

A  representation

B  majority rule

C  enlightened rule

D  pluralism

A  freedom of speech and of the press

B  universal citizenship

C  inclusion

D  one person, one vote

A  a system that grants a status of privilege to the most active and informed voters

B  a system that ensures freedom, justice, and peace to all citizens

C  a system that selects policymakers and organizes government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences

D  a system that perpetuates the status quo and upholds the values of the party in power

A  all of the issues that candidates talk about on the campaign trail

B  the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other political actors

C  the issues that concern single-issue interest groups

D  the issues that are asked about on public opinion polls

A  government

B  political culture

C  Congress

D  the courts