Exam 1

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A  Aristotle’s “Nicomachean Ethics”

B  Plato’s Republic

C  Kant’s “Grounds for Metaphysics of Morals” 

D  Plato’s “Euthyphro” 

A  Humans are capable of being good, but because of their weakness choose to be bad

B  Humans have divine nature and do not usually sin, but they make mistakes because of their lack of faith 

C  Humans are originally pure, but Satan makes them sinful by tempting them 

D  Humans nature is fallen and sinful from the beginning and they are unable to be good 

A  Plato

B  Augustine 

C  Rumi

D  Kant

A  Objects have three versions: The physical, which is the real, the imitation through art, which is the shadow and the imitation of the imitation, which is the third

B  Objects are perceived in three ways: how people perceive them relatively, how people see them emotionally and how people interpret them subjectively 

C  Each object can have three versions: the one depicted by painters, art, imitators, the second – the actual physical, and the third, which is the only original, true idea of the object

D  There is no one object, but numerous, because each person sees his/her own version of the object

A  The garden of Eden 

B  Satan refused to bow down to newly created humans  

C  Satan wanted to become God 

D  Satan sinned and was cast out  

A  Bakhti Yoga 

B  Asceticism 

C  Moksha 

D  Hedonism 

A  Usefulness and talents 

B  Realization that all art is fake 

C  Realization that moral actions will be rewarded in a higher reality 

D  One’s loyalty to duty 

A  Utilitarianism/Maximizing happiness for the majority  

B  Islam/Original Sin

C  All pairs are correct 

D  Cultural Relativism/Universal, Objective Morality 

A  Kama

B  Yoga 

C  Nirvana 

D  Karma 

A  You shouldn’t cheat on your exams, because it will produce bad education and will increase unhappiness for the majority

B  Cheating is bad, but only in special cases you may, if it is necessary to achieve more important results.

C  You shouldn’t cheat on your exams, because if cheating on exams was the moral norm, there would be no exams, so it doesn’t make sense

D  You shouldn’t cheat on your exams, because it is against the will of God

A  The 10 commandments 

B  Cultural Norms

C  Useful Consequences of actions

D  Good Will 

A  Bentham believes utilitarianism must maximize pleasure and happiness, but Mill believes in supernaturalism and intuitionism  

B  There is no difference, they both believe in the same principle of pleasure and happiness as the final goal

C  Mill thinks Happiness and Pleasure are not the final goal of human beings, but Bentham does 

D  Bentham believes pleasure is pleasure, but Mill thinks higher, dignified and quality pleasure is the final goal

A   Identical in all religions 

B  Urban and political 

C  Unnecessary and superstitious 

D  By necessity, highly metaphoric and symbolic  

A  Pluralism 

B  Descriptivism 

C  Golden Rule 

D  Realism 

A  Things are good if they produce more pleasure  

B   Kant is skeptical about morality and doesn’t believe there is objective morality 

C  An action is moral if it uses human beings as means to an end

D  Things are good and bad in themselves and consequences do not matter 

A  Morality is different for different people and it all depends on their culture and upbringing 

B  Religious people, because it implies a belief in the emotional validity of the human soul 

C  Materialists, because it implies a belief that moral actions are simply emotional phenomenon and are not real or valid 

D  Moral actions are driven by inner motivation originated from consciousness 

A  All spiritual things are logical and therefore moral 

B  Before taking action, one should carefully weigh “for” and “against” arguments 

C  Moral statements that cannot be proven empirically, based on sensory data, are simply feelings and are meaningless  

D  One should always chose the lesser of two evils 

A  Moral choices can only be made based on inner conviction and knowledge of right and wrong. 

B  Humans have a soul and a spirit and both are immaterial 

C  Human soul reincarnates in many bodies based on its karmic debt 

D  Humans possess innate ability to foresee upcoming events 

A  Cultural Relativist 

B  Utilitarianist 

C  Societal Platonist 

D  Political Sceptic 

A  Anselm and Augustine 

B  Kant and Ross

C  Rumi and Lewis 

D  Bentham and Mill