Exam 4

A  Tubular eyes

B  Lateral vision

C  Secondary retina

D  Compound retina

A  the lumination would be too bright

B  predators are above, not below

C  it is energetically expensive

D  there is no sunlight and no silhouettes

A  hyperoxic, temperature

B  hypoxic, food supply

C  hypoxic, vertical migration

D  anoxic, salinity

A  Bacteria

B  Viruses

C  Archaea

D  Cyanobacteria

A  warm water

B  upwelling

C  cold water

D  migrations

A  low, medium

B  low, high

C  medium, high

D  high, medium

A  layer of particles that scatters light at depth

B  a layer of predators that scatters migrating organisms, as they attempt to prey on them

C  best known from eclipses, when the layer moves to greater depth

D  a sound scattering layer (or layers) of organisms that often vertically migrates

E  a mysterious sound producing layer at depth

A  non-photosynthetic algae (eukaryotes) that use the unusual salt mixtures of the vents as food to increase their biomass

B  marine snow

C  basically normal invertebrates, but ones that grow rapidly due to the warmth of the environment

D  bacteria-like (prokaryotic) organisms

E  the rain of detritus

A  hot water pouring up from the deep-sea floor

B  seawater with so many minerals that it looks black

C  ‘chimneys’ made from minerals, some over 40 feet high

D  volcanic activity nearby

E  all of the above

A  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

B  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems 

C  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

D  Provide habitats to many species

E  All of the choices are true

A  Parasitic bacteria

B  Photosynthetic bacteria

C  Heterotrophic bacteria

D  Mixotrophic bacteria

E  Chemosynthetic bacteria

A  Farm raised fish

B  Species caught as part of traditional fisheries

C  Non-targeted organisms caught while fishing for other species     

D  Krill and other shellfish

E  Species caught for industrial purposes

A  Heterotrophic

B  Symbiotic 

C  Photosynthetic 

D  Parasitic

E  Chemosynthetic

A  Large size

B  Needle-like teeth

C  Large mouths

D  Extensible jaws

E  Generalized diet

A  17%

B  1.00%

C  10%

D  0.50%

E  25%

A  Frigate Birds

B  Great Blue Herons

C  Cormorants

D  Pelicans

E  Common gulls