Exam 4

A  Compound retina

B  Tubular eyes

C  Secondary retina

D  Lateral vision

A  predators are above, not below

B  there is no sunlight and no silhouettes

C  it is energetically expensive

D  the lumination would be too bright

A  hyperoxic, temperature

B  hypoxic, vertical migration

C  hypoxic, food supply

D  anoxic, salinity

A  Bacteria

B  Archaea

C  Viruses

D  Cyanobacteria

A  cold water

B  migrations

C  upwelling

D  warm water

A  high, medium

B  medium, high

C  low, medium

D  low, high

A  a layer of predators that scatters migrating organisms, as they attempt to prey on them

B  best known from eclipses, when the layer moves to greater depth

C  a sound scattering layer (or layers) of organisms that often vertically migrates

D  a mysterious sound producing layer at depth

E  layer of particles that scatters light at depth

A  the rain of detritus

B  marine snow

C  basically normal invertebrates, but ones that grow rapidly due to the warmth of the environment

D  bacteria-like (prokaryotic) organisms

E  non-photosynthetic algae (eukaryotes) that use the unusual salt mixtures of the vents as food to increase their biomass

A  hot water pouring up from the deep-sea floor

B  volcanic activity nearby

C  seawater with so many minerals that it looks black

D  ‘chimneys’ made from minerals, some over 40 feet high

E  all of the above

A  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

B  All of the choices are true

C  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems 

D  Provide habitats to many species

E  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

A  Parasitic bacteria

B  Heterotrophic bacteria

C  Chemosynthetic bacteria

D  Photosynthetic bacteria

E  Mixotrophic bacteria

A  Krill and other shellfish

B  Non-targeted organisms caught while fishing for other species     

C  Species caught as part of traditional fisheries

D  Species caught for industrial purposes

E  Farm raised fish

A  Photosynthetic 

B  Chemosynthetic

C  Heterotrophic

D  Parasitic

E  Symbiotic 

A  Large mouths

B  Large size

C  Extensible jaws

D  Needle-like teeth

E  Generalized diet

A  25%

B  0.50%

C  10%

D  1.00%

E  17%

A  Cormorants

B  Pelicans

C  Frigate Birds

D  Great Blue Herons

E  Common gulls