Exam 4

A  Lateral vision

B  Compound retina

C  Secondary retina

D  Tubular eyes

A  it is energetically expensive

B  the lumination would be too bright

C  there is no sunlight and no silhouettes

D  predators are above, not below

A  hyperoxic, temperature

B  hypoxic, vertical migration

C  anoxic, salinity

D  hypoxic, food supply

A  Viruses

B  Cyanobacteria

C  Archaea

D  Bacteria

A  cold water

B  upwelling

C  migrations

D  warm water

A  low, medium

B  low, high

C  high, medium

D  medium, high

A  a mysterious sound producing layer at depth

B  a layer of predators that scatters migrating organisms, as they attempt to prey on them

C  layer of particles that scatters light at depth

D  a sound scattering layer (or layers) of organisms that often vertically migrates

E  best known from eclipses, when the layer moves to greater depth

A  the rain of detritus

B  bacteria-like (prokaryotic) organisms

C  non-photosynthetic algae (eukaryotes) that use the unusual salt mixtures of the vents as food to increase their biomass

D  marine snow

E  basically normal invertebrates, but ones that grow rapidly due to the warmth of the environment

A  seawater with so many minerals that it looks black

B  ‘chimneys’ made from minerals, some over 40 feet high

C  volcanic activity nearby

D  hot water pouring up from the deep-sea floor

E  all of the above

A  Provide habitats to many species

B  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

C  All of the choices are true

D  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

E  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems 

A  Chemosynthetic bacteria

B  Photosynthetic bacteria

C  Heterotrophic bacteria

D  Parasitic bacteria

E  Mixotrophic bacteria

A  Non-targeted organisms caught while fishing for other species     

B  Species caught for industrial purposes

C  Farm raised fish

D  Krill and other shellfish

E  Species caught as part of traditional fisheries

A  Symbiotic 

B  Photosynthetic 

C  Parasitic

D  Heterotrophic

E  Chemosynthetic

A  Extensible jaws

B  Large mouths

C  Large size

D  Generalized diet

E  Needle-like teeth

A  0.50%

B  10%

C  1.00%

D  17%

E  25%

A  Cormorants

B  Pelicans

C  Frigate Birds

D  Common gulls

E  Great Blue Herons