Exam 4

A  Compound retina

B  Lateral vision

C  Tubular eyes

D  Secondary retina

A  the lumination would be too bright

B  there is no sunlight and no silhouettes

C  it is energetically expensive

D  predators are above, not below

A  hypoxic, vertical migration

B  hyperoxic, temperature

C  hypoxic, food supply

D  anoxic, salinity

A  Archaea

B  Cyanobacteria

C  Bacteria

D  Viruses

A  upwelling

B  warm water

C  cold water

D  migrations

A  medium, high

B  low, medium

C  low, high

D  high, medium

A  a sound scattering layer (or layers) of organisms that often vertically migrates

B  best known from eclipses, when the layer moves to greater depth

C  a layer of predators that scatters migrating organisms, as they attempt to prey on them

D  a mysterious sound producing layer at depth

E  layer of particles that scatters light at depth

A  marine snow

B  the rain of detritus

C  bacteria-like (prokaryotic) organisms

D  basically normal invertebrates, but ones that grow rapidly due to the warmth of the environment

E  non-photosynthetic algae (eukaryotes) that use the unusual salt mixtures of the vents as food to increase their biomass

A  ‘chimneys’ made from minerals, some over 40 feet high

B  seawater with so many minerals that it looks black

C  hot water pouring up from the deep-sea floor

D  volcanic activity nearby

E  all of the above

A  All of the choices are true

B  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

C  Provide habitats to many species

D  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

E  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems 

A  Heterotrophic bacteria

B  Mixotrophic bacteria

C  Parasitic bacteria

D  Chemosynthetic bacteria

E  Photosynthetic bacteria

A  Farm raised fish

B  Krill and other shellfish

C  Species caught as part of traditional fisheries

D  Non-targeted organisms caught while fishing for other species     

E  Species caught for industrial purposes

A  Heterotrophic

B  Chemosynthetic

C  Parasitic

D  Symbiotic 

E  Photosynthetic 

A  Large mouths

B  Extensible jaws

C  Generalized diet

D  Needle-like teeth

E  Large size

A  1.00%

B  0.50%

C  10%

D  17%

E  25%

A  Cormorants

B  Common gulls

C  Great Blue Herons

D  Frigate Birds

E  Pelicans