Exam 4

A  Tubular eyes

B  Compound retina

C  Lateral vision

D  Secondary retina

A  there is no sunlight and no silhouettes

B  predators are above, not below

C  it is energetically expensive

D  the lumination would be too bright

A  anoxic, salinity

B  hypoxic, vertical migration

C  hypoxic, food supply

D  hyperoxic, temperature

A  Bacteria

B  Cyanobacteria

C  Archaea

D  Viruses

A  warm water

B  migrations

C  upwelling

D  cold water

A  medium, high

B  low, high

C  high, medium

D  low, medium

A  a mysterious sound producing layer at depth

B  layer of particles that scatters light at depth

C  best known from eclipses, when the layer moves to greater depth

D  a layer of predators that scatters migrating organisms, as they attempt to prey on them

E  a sound scattering layer (or layers) of organisms that often vertically migrates

A  basically normal invertebrates, but ones that grow rapidly due to the warmth of the environment

B  bacteria-like (prokaryotic) organisms

C  marine snow

D  non-photosynthetic algae (eukaryotes) that use the unusual salt mixtures of the vents as food to increase their biomass

E  the rain of detritus

A  seawater with so many minerals that it looks black

B  ‘chimneys’ made from minerals, some over 40 feet high

C  hot water pouring up from the deep-sea floor

D  volcanic activity nearby

E  all of the above

A  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems 

B  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

C  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

D  All of the choices are true

E  Provide habitats to many species

A  Chemosynthetic bacteria

B  Photosynthetic bacteria

C  Mixotrophic bacteria

D  Heterotrophic bacteria

E  Parasitic bacteria

A  Non-targeted organisms caught while fishing for other species     

B  Krill and other shellfish

C  Farm raised fish

D  Species caught as part of traditional fisheries

E  Species caught for industrial purposes

A  Photosynthetic 

B  Symbiotic 

C  Chemosynthetic

D  Heterotrophic

E  Parasitic

A  Generalized diet

B  Needle-like teeth

C  Large size

D  Large mouths

E  Extensible jaws

A  0.50%

B  10%

C  25%

D  17%

E  1.00%

A  Great Blue Herons

B  Common gulls

C  Frigate Birds

D  Pelicans

E  Cormorants