Exam 4

A  Lateral vision

B  Compound retina

C  Tubular eyes

D  Secondary retina

A  the lumination would be too bright

B  there is no sunlight and no silhouettes

C  it is energetically expensive

D  predators are above, not below

A  hypoxic, vertical migration

B  anoxic, salinity

C  hypoxic, food supply

D  hyperoxic, temperature

A  Bacteria

B  Archaea

C  Cyanobacteria

D  Viruses

A  upwelling

B  warm water

C  migrations

D  cold water

A  medium, high

B  low, medium

C  low, high

D  high, medium

A  layer of particles that scatters light at depth

B  a sound scattering layer (or layers) of organisms that often vertically migrates

C  a layer of predators that scatters migrating organisms, as they attempt to prey on them

D  a mysterious sound producing layer at depth

E  best known from eclipses, when the layer moves to greater depth

A  bacteria-like (prokaryotic) organisms

B  basically normal invertebrates, but ones that grow rapidly due to the warmth of the environment

C  the rain of detritus

D  non-photosynthetic algae (eukaryotes) that use the unusual salt mixtures of the vents as food to increase their biomass

E  marine snow

A  ‘chimneys’ made from minerals, some over 40 feet high

B  hot water pouring up from the deep-sea floor

C  volcanic activity nearby

D  seawater with so many minerals that it looks black

E  all of the above

A  Provide habitats to many species

B  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

C  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems 

D  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

E  All of the choices are true

A  Mixotrophic bacteria

B  Heterotrophic bacteria

C  Parasitic bacteria

D  Chemosynthetic bacteria

E  Photosynthetic bacteria

A  Non-targeted organisms caught while fishing for other species     

B  Species caught as part of traditional fisheries

C  Krill and other shellfish

D  Farm raised fish

E  Species caught for industrial purposes

A  Symbiotic 

B  Heterotrophic

C  Chemosynthetic

D  Photosynthetic 

E  Parasitic

A  Large mouths

B  Large size

C  Generalized diet

D  Needle-like teeth

E  Extensible jaws

A  25%

B  1.00%

C  10%

D  0.50%

E  17%

A  Common gulls

B  Pelicans

C  Frigate Birds

D  Great Blue Herons

E  Cormorants