Text No. 2

A  Paleocene primates that may have been the first anthropoids.

B  Eocene primates that are the earliest anthropoids.

C  Eocene organisms that may have been the first primates

D  Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates.

A  a Y-5 molar pattern.

B  a long canine tooth in males.

C  a 2-1-2-3 dental formula

D  bilophodont molars.

A  development of Dryopithecus.

B  extinction of many primate species.

C  spread of Sivapithecus

D  adaptive radiation of Euprimates.

A  climate change.

B  early humans hunting them for food.

C  a disease pandemic.

D  a meteor impact.

A  dryopithecids

B  proprimates.

C  proconsulids.

D  adapids.

A  gibbon

B  orangutan

C  gorilla

D  chimpanzee

A  primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects and small animals

B  better vision allowed for better access to fruits and small insects

C  predators had the ability to see primates better.

D  species could see predators from further away, thereby securing time to flee.

A  New World monkey.

B  primate.

C  ape.

D  anthropoid.

A  adapids.

B  plesiadapiforms.

C  dryopithecids.

D  proconsulids.

A  divisions of time based on cultural standards, as in “Stone Age

B  divisions in geologic time divided into periods and epochs.

C  any time periods in the past.

D  the time frames during which a certain fossil species existed.

A  electron spin resonance

B  biostratigraphy

C  carbon 14

D  dendrochronology

A  weather

B  sea levels

C  temperature estimated using any of several methods

D  isotope ratios

A  wooden objects

B  ceramics

C  bones and teeth

D  shells

A  Many villagers in these areas gather fossils to sell

B  Only these areas were conducive to sustaining life

C  These areas provided better preservation.

D  More populations of species lived in these areas and nowhere else.

A  radioisotopes

B  index fossils.

C  carbon 13 and carbon 12.

D  carbon 14.

A  igneous rock

B  sedimentary rock

C  shell

D  bone

A  geolayering.

B  paleomagnetism.

C  superposition.

D  fluorine analysis.

A  period.

B  phylogeny.

C  chronological sequence.

D  era.

A  avoiding risk-taking behavior.

B  competition between males for access to reproductive-age females.

C  avoiding violence against competitors for female access.

D  engaging in care of young

A  several species of primates coexist socially.

B  some primate societies are female only.

C  some primate societies are male only.

D  within any primate group, individuals representing different kinships, ranks, ages, and sexes often form alliances.

A  reproduction places different energy demands on males and females, resulting in different reproductive strategies.

B  males acquire resources to ensure the survival of their offspring

C  primates do not vary in their abilities to respond to differing energy requirements.

D  reproduction has similar energy demands for both sexes, so males and females respond accordingly.

A  determines male and female social hierarchy.

B  relates to sexual courtship rituals in primates.

C  is the study of sexual intercourse between primates.

D  tends to be lower than in groups where males disperse and compete with unrelated males.

A  conditioning in the lab by primatologists.

B  emotional impulses produced randomly and involuntarily.

C  individual factors, as in humans.

D  the type of predator and the predator’s attack strategy.

A  quality, distribution, and availability of food.

B  source, quantity, and safety.

C  cooperation, altruism, and quantity for sharing.

D  speed, agility, and strength.

A  niche competition

B  adaptive radiation

C  predation

D  habitat

A  is not a beneficial evolutionary adaptation.

B  occurs only between primates that are not relatives.

C  is behavior that benefits others while causing a disadvantage to the individual.

D  is not an advantage of cooperation within a society.

A  anatomical classifications of chimpanzees and humans, as this is most appropriate when looking at adaptation and anatomy.

B  cladistic classifications of chimpanzees and humans, as this is most appropriate for their research.

C  None of the answers

D  genetic classification of chimpanzees and humans, hence their use of the term hominid to describe human ancestors.

A  among the most endangered animal species due to disease

B  a healthy population living in a subtropical environment.

C  not highly adaptable to changing environments but do well in zoos

D  among the most endangered animals due to human exploitation of resources

A  short digits.

B  an expanded reliance on sense of smell.

C  a precision grip.

D  opposable thumbs.

A  adaptation to life in the savanna.

B  adaptation to life in the trees.

C  the ability to move on four limbs.

D  the ability to brachiate.

A  Africa.

B  South America.

C  Asia.

D  Madagascar.

A  present in most primates.

B  present in catarrhine primates.

C  made strictly of muscle.

D  present only in some platyrrhines.

A  2 / 1 / 3 / 3

B  3 / 1 / 2 / 3.

C  1 / 1 / 2 / 3.

D  2 / 1 / 2 / 3.

A  increased mobility, arboreal adaptation, and brachiation.

B  the presence of a rhinarium, increased mobility, and an opposable thumb.

C  arboreal adaptation, parental investment, and the presence of dietary plasticity.

D  the presence of a rhinarium, forward-facing eyes, and increased parental care.

A  a reduced number of teeth.

B  smaller eye orbits.

C  a larger brain.

D  an enlarged olfactory bulb and enlarged scent glands