Exam 1

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Question #1

A _____ uses metabolic energy to heat its body. A _____ loses metabolic heat and must maintain body temperatures using alternative means.

A endotherm, pokilotherm

B homeotherm, endotherm

C endotherm, ectotherm

D pokilotherm, homeotherm

E ectotherm, endotherm

Question #2

The process in which the continental land masses have moved their positions on Earth’s surface due to plate tectonics is known as __________.

A contiental rise

B continental drift

C geotaxis

D continental uplift

E geoforming

Question #3

The nutrients __________, __________, and __________ are often scarce in the water column because they are used up quickly by autotrophs during photosynthesis.

A Sulfur, Oxygen, Carbon

B Nitrate, Phosphorous, Iron

C Phosphorous, Carbon, Oxygen

D Iron, Zinc, Nitrate

Question #4

Seawater turbidity and dissolved materials influence light penetration. In temperate waters, ___________ wavelengths (color) of light penetrate the furthest into seawater, whereas in tropical waters ___________ light travels the deepest.

A green, blue

B blue, green

C red, green

D blue, blue

Question #5

The metabolic wastes excreted by herbivores, as well as other dissolved organic particles are known as _____________ and are an energy source for deep sea organisms.

A dissolved organic carbon

B marine debris

C marine snow

D nitrogenous waste

Question #6

When oceanic plates collide with continental plates, which plate is subducted?

A continental plate

B oceanic plate

C it depends

D both

Question #7

The largest continuous geological feature on earth is the _____.

A Mid-Atlantic Ridge

B Puerto Rico Trench

C Pacific Ocean

D Rocky Mountains

E Mariana Trench

Question #8

The founder of modern oceanography and marine biology is often credited as British naturalist Charles Darwin.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

In organisms known as ____________, the salt content of their cellular tissues is identical to that of the surrounding seawater; on the other hand, _________ are able to control the salt content of their internal body fluids.

A osmoconformer, osmoregulator

B ectotherms, homeotherms

C homeotherms, ectotherms

D osmolytes, ectolytes

E ionoconformer, ionoregulator

Question #10

Two ions, ____________ and ____________, comprise about 85% of the solutes in seawater. (Choose two).

A iron

B silicon

C sodium

D chloride

E magnesium

Question #11

Seasonality in temperate and polar waters produces a shallow _______ in the surface layer, however, in the tropics this phenomena is absent.

A regional nutrient enrichment

B seasonal thermocline

C wind-driven upwelling zone

D gyre

Question #12

Earth goes through periods of glaciation and alternating interglacial periods. Earth is currently in a _________ period, that began at the end of the __________ ~11,700 years ago.

A glaciation, Miocene

B glaciation, Silurian

C interglacial, Holocene

D interglacial, Pleistocene

E interglacial, Paleocene

Question #13

The blood of marine fish is less salty relative to seawater and they _____ salt along their gills; freshwater fish blood is more salty than freshwater and they ____ salt at the gills.

A concentrate, gain

B gain, lose

C gain, concentrate

D lose, gain

Question #14

Who were the first marine scientists to travel around the Pacific Ocean using natural phenomena as their navigational tools?

A Pacific Islanders

B Vikings

C Ferdinand Magellan

D Captain Cook

Question #15

Which of the following are considered to be branches of marine science?

A Anthropology

B Zoology

C Physics

D All of these

E Chemistry

Question #16

The east coast of the United States is a passive margin characterized by:

A Gentle continental slope

B Mountains along the coast

C Short continental shelf

D Offshore trench

E Steep and rocky shorelines

Question #17

Trenches are formed where:

A Sea floor spreading takes place

B A plate sinks beneath another

C A plate is lifted by another

D A plate moves above another

E A plate splits and opens up

Question #18

There is scientific evidence that the earth and the rest of the solar system formed approximately:

A 10.5 billion years ago

B 10 million years ago

C 5 million years ago

D 4.6 billion years ago

E 1 billion years ago

Question #19

The world’s largest and deepest ocean:

A Atlantic Ocean

B Pacific Ocean

C Indian Ocean

D Antarctic Ocean

E Arctic Ocean

Question #20

An earthquake occurred off the island of Java. Afterwards an ocean buoy detects a wavelength of 42 ft. Scientists in Hawaii are determining whether this is a sign of an approaching tsunami. Based on the relationship of wavelength to wave-height, the approaching wave is estimated to be _______ ft and an alarm is ______.

A 700, announced

B 60, called off

C 6, called off

D 83, announced

E 100, announced

Question #21

The major surface currents of the oceans rotate counterclockwise in the _____ hemisphere and clockwise in the ______ hemisphere.

A Northern, Southern

B Southern, Southern

C Northern, Northern

D Western, Eastern

E Southern, Northern

Question #22

Glucose is an example of a:

A Starch

B Lipid

C Hormone

D Protein

E Carbohydrate

Question #23

A ______ maintains a constant body temperature. An organisms that lacks thermoregulation and has a variable body temperature is a _______.

A endotherm, ectotherm

B poikilotherm, osmoconformer

C osmoconformer, osmoregulator

D homeotherm, poikilotherm

E poikilotherm, homeotherm

Question #24

The modern scientific method is based on the work of:

A Posidious

B Neptune

C Plato

D Aristotle

E Herodotus

Question #25

Gyres are:

A Found only in the Pacific Ocean

B Large circular systems of surface currents

C Limited to continental margins

D The driving force behind hurricanes and typhoons

E Influenced by the Coriolis effect only in the Northern Hemisphere

Question #26

All of the following are examples of asexual reproduction EXCEPT:

A Fertilization

B Budding

C Fragmentation

D Fission

E None of the above

Question #27

Which of the following ocean bottom-types is composed of a large number of shell pieces secreted by life forms?

A Terrigenous

B Hydrogenous

C Biogenous

D Diogenous

E None of the above

Question #28

After World War II, which of the following technological developments opened the doors to new reseach areas in marine science?

A Sonar

B Marine laboratories

C Deep-water dredges

D Nets

E Research vessels

Question #29

Phylogenetics is the study of _________.

A organisms’ evolutionary history

B organisms’ physiological ecology

C evolutionary time

D drivers of environmental change

Question #30

Which of the following is NOT one of the world’s major ocean basins:

A Indian

B Antarctic

C Arctic

D Pacific

Question #31

The rule of constant proportions states that within the ocean:

A Chlorine varies with location

B Salinity varies with location

C Salinity varies with season

D Sodium varies with depth

E Ion concentrations don’t change

Question #32

Which of the following organic molecules store energy, provide insulation, make up cell membranes, and assist in buoyancy?

A Proteins

B Nucleic Acids

C Amino Acids

D Lipids

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