Exam 3

A  waves

B  salinity

C  temperature

D  light

E  predation

F  nutrients

A  genetic acclimatization

B  physiological acclimatization

C  physiological adaptation

D  genetic adaptation

A  food

B  space

C  sexual partners

D  light

A  Protocene

B  Pliocene

C  Paleocene

D  Pleistocene

A  specialization

B  generalization

C  sharing

D  partitioning

A  lakes, hyposaline pools

B  ocean, brackish water

C  creeks, inland waterways

D  rivers, seawater

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  calcium-proteinaceous, producers

B  thin, builders

C  porous, inhabitants

D  calcium carbonate, builders

A  facilitative, agonistic

B  intraspecific, interspecific

C  interspecific, intraspecific

D  agonistic, true

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Lower

B  Upper

C  Middle

A  zooxanthellae, mortality

B  dinoflagellate, bleaching

C  cyanobacteria, bleaching

D  fungal, mass spawning

A  drowned fiver valleys

B  coastal plain estuaries

C  bar-build estuaries

D  fjord

A  Maximum capacity

B  Steady state

C  Carrying capacity

D  An ecosystem’s limit

A  mud, silt, clay

B  silt, clay, mud

C  clay, silt, mud

A  evaporative cooling

B  none of these

C  use of the operculum

D  aerial respiration

E  natal homing

A  mussels

B  tube snails

C  scallops

D  abalone

E  squids

A  chitin

B  strontium sulphate

C  calcium bicarbonate

D  calcium carbonate

E  silicate

A  barnacles in the intertidal

B  otters in kelp forests

C  turtles in the intertidal

D  salmon in estuaries

E  octopus in the lower intertidal

A  Freshwater moving from rivers

B  Differences in water temperature as one moves inland

C  Salt wedge moving toward the surface

D  High tides moving in

E  The Coriolis effect

A  the Aleutian Islands

B  the Galapagos

C  the Caribbean

D  the Indo-Pacific

E  the Hawaiian Islands

A  gamete spawners

B  sexual reproducers

C  broadcast spawners

D  brooders

A  primary producer

B  quaternary consumer

C  primary consumer

D  tertiary consumer

E  secondary consumer

A  The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides

B  The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities

C  Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations

D  Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)

E  Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle

A  Provide the coral with protection from predators

B  Release mucus and other chemicals

C  Provide the coral with carbon dioxide

D  Help in the deposition of the skeleton

E  Provide the coral with protection from herbivores

A  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

B  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems

C  Provide habitats to many species

D  All of the choices are true

E  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

A  Are scavengers

B  Always have a soft skeleton

C  Are non-reef builders

D  Have zooxanthellae

E  Only live in temperate waters

A  parasitic

B  symbiotic

C  commensalistic

D  episodic

E  mutualistic

A  shifting sand

B  tides

C  salinity

D  light

E  food

A  Fewer species

B  More species overall

C  Less wave action

D  Increase in the number of mussels

E  Decrease in the number of seaweeds

A  15%

B  2%

C  5%

D  10%

A  float blades toward the surface

B  regulate gas exchange

C  provide surface for epiphyte growth

D  provide CO2 for photosynthesis

A  fringing reefs

B  locks

C  atolls

D  barrier reefs

E  keys

A  Mostly physical factors

B  Mostly biological factors

C  Neither physical nor biological factors

D  Both biological and physical factors

A  Light

B  Temerature

C  Substrate

D  Predation

E  Salinity

A  Can survive broad changes in salinity

B  Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species

C  Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities

D  Only tolerate small temperature changes

E  Need less oxygen to survive

A  typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf

B  a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers

C  typically found on a submerged volcano

D  a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms