Exam 3

A  temperature

B  predation

C  light

D  waves

E  nutrients

F  salinity

A  genetic adaptation

B  physiological acclimatization

C  genetic acclimatization

D  physiological adaptation

A  food

B  space

C  sexual partners

D  light

A  Protocene

B  Pleistocene

C  Paleocene

D  Pliocene

A  generalization

B  partitioning

C  sharing

D  specialization

A  lakes, hyposaline pools

B  rivers, seawater

C  ocean, brackish water

D  creeks, inland waterways

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  calcium-proteinaceous, producers

B  thin, builders

C  calcium carbonate, builders

D  porous, inhabitants

A  agonistic, true

B  interspecific, intraspecific

C  facilitative, agonistic

D  intraspecific, interspecific

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Lower

B  Upper

C  Middle

A  fungal, mass spawning

B  zooxanthellae, mortality

C  cyanobacteria, bleaching

D  dinoflagellate, bleaching

A  drowned fiver valleys

B  coastal plain estuaries

C  fjord

D  bar-build estuaries

A  An ecosystem’s limit

B  Steady state

C  Carrying capacity

D  Maximum capacity

A  clay, silt, mud

B  silt, clay, mud

C  mud, silt, clay

A  none of these

B  evaporative cooling

C  aerial respiration

D  natal homing

E  use of the operculum

A  tube snails

B  squids

C  mussels

D  abalone

E  scallops

A  calcium carbonate

B  silicate

C  strontium sulphate

D  calcium bicarbonate

E  chitin

A  turtles in the intertidal

B  otters in kelp forests

C  barnacles in the intertidal

D  octopus in the lower intertidal

E  salmon in estuaries

A  High tides moving in

B  The Coriolis effect

C  Differences in water temperature as one moves inland

D  Salt wedge moving toward the surface

E  Freshwater moving from rivers

A  the Caribbean

B  the Hawaiian Islands

C  the Indo-Pacific

D  the Galapagos

E  the Aleutian Islands

A  gamete spawners

B  brooders

C  broadcast spawners

D  sexual reproducers

A  primary producer

B  secondary consumer

C  quaternary consumer

D  tertiary consumer

E  primary consumer

A  Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations

B  The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities

C  Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)

D  The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides

E  Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle

A  Help in the deposition of the skeleton

B  Provide the coral with protection from predators

C  Provide the coral with carbon dioxide

D  Provide the coral with protection from herbivores

E  Release mucus and other chemicals

A  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

B  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems

C  Provide habitats to many species

D  All of the choices are true

E  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

A  Always have a soft skeleton

B  Only live in temperate waters

C  Are non-reef builders

D  Have zooxanthellae

E  Are scavengers

A  parasitic

B  episodic

C  mutualistic

D  commensalistic

E  symbiotic

A  salinity

B  light

C  tides

D  food

E  shifting sand

A  More species overall

B  Decrease in the number of seaweeds

C  Fewer species

D  Increase in the number of mussels

E  Less wave action

A  15%

B  10%

C  5%

D  2%

A  provide CO2 for photosynthesis

B  float blades toward the surface

C  provide surface for epiphyte growth

D  regulate gas exchange

A  barrier reefs

B  keys

C  atolls

D  fringing reefs

E  locks

A  Mostly physical factors

B  Neither physical nor biological factors

C  Both biological and physical factors

D  Mostly biological factors

A  Substrate

B  Predation

C  Light

D  Salinity

E  Temerature

A  Can survive broad changes in salinity

B  Need less oxygen to survive

C  Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species

D  Only tolerate small temperature changes

E  Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities

A  a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms

B  typically found on a submerged volcano

C  a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers

D  typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf