Exam 3

A  waves

B  salinity

C  nutrients

D  predation

E  temperature

F  light

A  physiological acclimatization

B  genetic acclimatization

C  genetic adaptation

D  physiological adaptation

A  food

B  light

C  sexual partners

D  space

A  Pleistocene

B  Protocene

C  Pliocene

D  Paleocene

A  generalization

B  sharing

C  partitioning

D  specialization

A  lakes, hyposaline pools

B  creeks, inland waterways

C  ocean, brackish water

D  rivers, seawater

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  calcium-proteinaceous, producers

B  thin, builders

C  porous, inhabitants

D  calcium carbonate, builders

A  facilitative, agonistic

B  interspecific, intraspecific

C  agonistic, true

D  intraspecific, interspecific

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lower

B  Middle

C  Upper

A  cyanobacteria, bleaching

B  dinoflagellate, bleaching

C  fungal, mass spawning

D  zooxanthellae, mortality

A  coastal plain estuaries

B  bar-build estuaries

C  drowned fiver valleys

D  fjord

A  An ecosystem’s limit

B  Steady state

C  Maximum capacity

D  Carrying capacity

A  silt, clay, mud

B  mud, silt, clay

C  clay, silt, mud

A  evaporative cooling

B  use of the operculum

C  none of these

D  natal homing

E  aerial respiration

A  squids

B  mussels

C  abalone

D  tube snails

E  scallops

A  silicate

B  strontium sulphate

C  chitin

D  calcium carbonate

E  calcium bicarbonate

A  octopus in the lower intertidal

B  otters in kelp forests

C  salmon in estuaries

D  barnacles in the intertidal

E  turtles in the intertidal

A  Differences in water temperature as one moves inland

B  The Coriolis effect

C  High tides moving in

D  Freshwater moving from rivers

E  Salt wedge moving toward the surface

A  the Hawaiian Islands

B  the Caribbean

C  the Aleutian Islands

D  the Galapagos

E  the Indo-Pacific

A  sexual reproducers

B  broadcast spawners

C  brooders

D  gamete spawners

A  tertiary consumer

B  quaternary consumer

C  primary producer

D  primary consumer

E  secondary consumer

A  Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)

B  Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations

C  The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities

D  Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle

E  The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides

A  Release mucus and other chemicals

B  Provide the coral with protection from herbivores

C  Provide the coral with protection from predators

D  Provide the coral with carbon dioxide

E  Help in the deposition of the skeleton

A  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

B  All of the choices are true

C  Provide habitats to many species

D  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems

E  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

A  Have zooxanthellae

B  Always have a soft skeleton

C  Only live in temperate waters

D  Are non-reef builders

E  Are scavengers

A  episodic

B  symbiotic

C  parasitic

D  commensalistic

E  mutualistic

A  food

B  tides

C  salinity

D  shifting sand

E  light

A  Decrease in the number of seaweeds

B  More species overall

C  Less wave action

D  Increase in the number of mussels

E  Fewer species

A  10%

B  5%

C  2%

D  15%

A  regulate gas exchange

B  provide CO2 for photosynthesis

C  provide surface for epiphyte growth

D  float blades toward the surface

A  atolls

B  fringing reefs

C  barrier reefs

D  keys

E  locks

A  Mostly physical factors

B  Both biological and physical factors

C  Neither physical nor biological factors

D  Mostly biological factors

A  Predation

B  Substrate

C  Temerature

D  Salinity

E  Light

A  Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities

B  Only tolerate small temperature changes

C  Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species

D  Need less oxygen to survive

E  Can survive broad changes in salinity

A  a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers

B  typically found on a submerged volcano

C  typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf

D  a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms