Exam 3

A  nutrients

B  salinity

C  predation

D  light

E  waves

F  temperature

A  genetic adaptation

B  physiological adaptation

C  genetic acclimatization

D  physiological acclimatization

A  space

B  light

C  food

D  sexual partners

A  Protocene

B  Paleocene

C  Pleistocene

D  Pliocene

A  specialization

B  generalization

C  partitioning

D  sharing

A  rivers, seawater

B  creeks, inland waterways

C  ocean, brackish water

D  lakes, hyposaline pools

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  calcium carbonate, builders

B  calcium-proteinaceous, producers

C  porous, inhabitants

D  thin, builders

A  interspecific, intraspecific

B  facilitative, agonistic

C  agonistic, true

D  intraspecific, interspecific

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Upper

B  Middle

C  Lower

A  dinoflagellate, bleaching

B  fungal, mass spawning

C  zooxanthellae, mortality

D  cyanobacteria, bleaching

A  bar-build estuaries

B  fjord

C  drowned fiver valleys

D  coastal plain estuaries

A  Carrying capacity

B  Steady state

C  An ecosystem’s limit

D  Maximum capacity

A  clay, silt, mud

B  silt, clay, mud

C  mud, silt, clay

A  aerial respiration

B  natal homing

C  none of these

D  use of the operculum

E  evaporative cooling

A  mussels

B  abalone

C  squids

D  scallops

E  tube snails

A  calcium carbonate

B  chitin

C  silicate

D  calcium bicarbonate

E  strontium sulphate

A  barnacles in the intertidal

B  otters in kelp forests

C  octopus in the lower intertidal

D  salmon in estuaries

E  turtles in the intertidal

A  High tides moving in

B  Salt wedge moving toward the surface

C  Differences in water temperature as one moves inland

D  The Coriolis effect

E  Freshwater moving from rivers

A  the Galapagos

B  the Hawaiian Islands

C  the Aleutian Islands

D  the Indo-Pacific

E  the Caribbean

A  sexual reproducers

B  broadcast spawners

C  gamete spawners

D  brooders

A  tertiary consumer

B  primary consumer

C  quaternary consumer

D  primary producer

E  secondary consumer

A  The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides

B  The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities

C  Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle

D  Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations

E  Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)

A  Provide the coral with protection from herbivores

B  Help in the deposition of the skeleton

C  Provide the coral with carbon dioxide

D  Release mucus and other chemicals

E  Provide the coral with protection from predators

A  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

B  Provide habitats to many species

C  All of the choices are true

D  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

E  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems

A  Only live in temperate waters

B  Always have a soft skeleton

C  Are scavengers

D  Are non-reef builders

E  Have zooxanthellae

A  symbiotic

B  parasitic

C  commensalistic

D  mutualistic

E  episodic

A  tides

B  salinity

C  shifting sand

D  food

E  light

A  Less wave action

B  Fewer species

C  Increase in the number of mussels

D  Decrease in the number of seaweeds

E  More species overall

A  10%

B  2%

C  5%

D  15%

A  regulate gas exchange

B  float blades toward the surface

C  provide surface for epiphyte growth

D  provide CO2 for photosynthesis

A  barrier reefs

B  locks

C  atolls

D  keys

E  fringing reefs

A  Neither physical nor biological factors

B  Both biological and physical factors

C  Mostly physical factors

D  Mostly biological factors

A  Temerature

B  Salinity

C  Predation

D  Light

E  Substrate

A  Need less oxygen to survive

B  Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species

C  Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities

D  Only tolerate small temperature changes

E  Can survive broad changes in salinity

A  a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers

B  a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms

C  typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf

D  typically found on a submerged volcano