Exam 3

A  nutrients

B  light

C  temperature

D  waves

E  salinity

F  predation

A  genetic adaptation

B  genetic acclimatization

C  physiological adaptation

D  physiological acclimatization

A  food

B  sexual partners

C  space

D  light

A  Protocene

B  Pliocene

C  Paleocene

D  Pleistocene

A  partitioning

B  specialization

C  sharing

D  generalization

A  creeks, inland waterways

B  lakes, hyposaline pools

C  ocean, brackish water

D  rivers, seawater

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  calcium-proteinaceous, producers

B  calcium carbonate, builders

C  thin, builders

D  porous, inhabitants

A  agonistic, true

B  interspecific, intraspecific

C  intraspecific, interspecific

D  facilitative, agonistic

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Middle

B  Lower

C  Upper

A  cyanobacteria, bleaching

B  fungal, mass spawning

C  zooxanthellae, mortality

D  dinoflagellate, bleaching

A  drowned fiver valleys

B  coastal plain estuaries

C  bar-build estuaries

D  fjord

A  Carrying capacity

B  An ecosystem’s limit

C  Steady state

D  Maximum capacity

A  clay, silt, mud

B  mud, silt, clay

C  silt, clay, mud

A  natal homing

B  none of these

C  use of the operculum

D  evaporative cooling

E  aerial respiration

A  tube snails

B  squids

C  scallops

D  abalone

E  mussels

A  silicate

B  strontium sulphate

C  calcium carbonate

D  calcium bicarbonate

E  chitin

A  salmon in estuaries

B  barnacles in the intertidal

C  octopus in the lower intertidal

D  otters in kelp forests

E  turtles in the intertidal

A  The Coriolis effect

B  High tides moving in

C  Freshwater moving from rivers

D  Salt wedge moving toward the surface

E  Differences in water temperature as one moves inland

A  the Caribbean

B  the Aleutian Islands

C  the Hawaiian Islands

D  the Galapagos

E  the Indo-Pacific

A  broadcast spawners

B  sexual reproducers

C  gamete spawners

D  brooders

A  secondary consumer

B  tertiary consumer

C  primary producer

D  quaternary consumer

E  primary consumer

A  The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides

B  Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle

C  Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)

D  Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations

E  The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities

A  Release mucus and other chemicals

B  Provide the coral with protection from predators

C  Provide the coral with protection from herbivores

D  Help in the deposition of the skeleton

E  Provide the coral with carbon dioxide

A  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

B  All of the choices are true

C  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

D  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems

E  Provide habitats to many species

A  Are scavengers

B  Only live in temperate waters

C  Are non-reef builders

D  Have zooxanthellae

E  Always have a soft skeleton

A  mutualistic

B  parasitic

C  episodic

D  commensalistic

E  symbiotic

A  light

B  food

C  tides

D  shifting sand

E  salinity

A  Fewer species

B  More species overall

C  Increase in the number of mussels

D  Decrease in the number of seaweeds

E  Less wave action

A  5%

B  10%

C  2%

D  15%

A  float blades toward the surface

B  provide CO2 for photosynthesis

C  provide surface for epiphyte growth

D  regulate gas exchange

A  atolls

B  locks

C  keys

D  fringing reefs

E  barrier reefs

A  Both biological and physical factors

B  Mostly biological factors

C  Neither physical nor biological factors

D  Mostly physical factors

A  Light

B  Temerature

C  Predation

D  Substrate

E  Salinity

A  Only tolerate small temperature changes

B  Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities

C  Can survive broad changes in salinity

D  Need less oxygen to survive

E  Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species

A  a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers

B  typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf

C  a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms

D  typically found on a submerged volcano