Exam 3

A  temperature

B  nutrients

C  light

D  waves

E  salinity

F  predation

A  physiological acclimatization

B  physiological adaptation

C  genetic adaptation

D  genetic acclimatization

A  food

B  space

C  light

D  sexual partners

A  Paleocene

B  Protocene

C  Pliocene

D  Pleistocene

A  specialization

B  sharing

C  partitioning

D  generalization

A  ocean, brackish water

B  lakes, hyposaline pools

C  creeks, inland waterways

D  rivers, seawater

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  thin, builders

B  porous, inhabitants

C  calcium carbonate, builders

D  calcium-proteinaceous, producers

A  interspecific, intraspecific

B  agonistic, true

C  facilitative, agonistic

D  intraspecific, interspecific

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Upper

B  Lower

C  Middle

A  fungal, mass spawning

B  cyanobacteria, bleaching

C  zooxanthellae, mortality

D  dinoflagellate, bleaching

A  coastal plain estuaries

B  fjord

C  bar-build estuaries

D  drowned fiver valleys

A  Steady state

B  An ecosystem’s limit

C  Carrying capacity

D  Maximum capacity

A  clay, silt, mud

B  mud, silt, clay

C  silt, clay, mud

A  aerial respiration

B  none of these

C  natal homing

D  use of the operculum

E  evaporative cooling

A  tube snails

B  squids

C  abalone

D  scallops

E  mussels

A  chitin

B  silicate

C  calcium carbonate

D  calcium bicarbonate

E  strontium sulphate

A  otters in kelp forests

B  barnacles in the intertidal

C  octopus in the lower intertidal

D  turtles in the intertidal

E  salmon in estuaries

A  The Coriolis effect

B  Differences in water temperature as one moves inland

C  High tides moving in

D  Freshwater moving from rivers

E  Salt wedge moving toward the surface

A  the Aleutian Islands

B  the Hawaiian Islands

C  the Galapagos

D  the Caribbean

E  the Indo-Pacific

A  sexual reproducers

B  broadcast spawners

C  brooders

D  gamete spawners

A  tertiary consumer

B  primary consumer

C  primary producer

D  quaternary consumer

E  secondary consumer

A  The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities

B  Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)

C  Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations

D  Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle

E  The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides

A  Provide the coral with protection from predators

B  Provide the coral with protection from herbivores

C  Provide the coral with carbon dioxide

D  Release mucus and other chemicals

E  Help in the deposition of the skeleton

A  All of the choices are true

B  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems

C  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

D  Provide habitats to many species

E  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

A  Are scavengers

B  Only live in temperate waters

C  Have zooxanthellae

D  Always have a soft skeleton

E  Are non-reef builders

A  parasitic

B  episodic

C  symbiotic

D  mutualistic

E  commensalistic

A  salinity

B  light

C  shifting sand

D  food

E  tides

A  More species overall

B  Increase in the number of mussels

C  Decrease in the number of seaweeds

D  Less wave action

E  Fewer species

A  5%

B  2%

C  15%

D  10%

A  float blades toward the surface

B  regulate gas exchange

C  provide CO2 for photosynthesis

D  provide surface for epiphyte growth

A  keys

B  barrier reefs

C  atolls

D  fringing reefs

E  locks

A  Mostly physical factors

B  Both biological and physical factors

C  Mostly biological factors

D  Neither physical nor biological factors

A  Temerature

B  Salinity

C  Substrate

D  Predation

E  Light

A  Need less oxygen to survive

B  Only tolerate small temperature changes

C  Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities

D  Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species

E  Can survive broad changes in salinity

A  a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers

B  a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms

C  typically found on a submerged volcano

D  typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf