Exam 3

A  nutrients

B  salinity

C  temperature

D  waves

E  predation

F  light

A  physiological adaptation

B  physiological acclimatization

C  genetic adaptation

D  genetic acclimatization

A  space

B  food

C  light

D  sexual partners

A  Protocene

B  Paleocene

C  Pleistocene

D  Pliocene

A  partitioning

B  specialization

C  generalization

D  sharing

A  rivers, seawater

B  lakes, hyposaline pools

C  creeks, inland waterways

D  ocean, brackish water

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  porous, inhabitants

B  calcium-proteinaceous, producers

C  calcium carbonate, builders

D  thin, builders

A  facilitative, agonistic

B  intraspecific, interspecific

C  interspecific, intraspecific

D  agonistic, true

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Upper

B  Lower

C  Middle

A  dinoflagellate, bleaching

B  zooxanthellae, mortality

C  cyanobacteria, bleaching

D  fungal, mass spawning

A  drowned fiver valleys

B  bar-build estuaries

C  coastal plain estuaries

D  fjord

A  Maximum capacity

B  Steady state

C  Carrying capacity

D  An ecosystem’s limit

A  clay, silt, mud

B  mud, silt, clay

C  silt, clay, mud

A  evaporative cooling

B  natal homing

C  aerial respiration

D  none of these

E  use of the operculum

A  tube snails

B  mussels

C  scallops

D  squids

E  abalone

A  silicate

B  calcium carbonate

C  strontium sulphate

D  chitin

E  calcium bicarbonate

A  barnacles in the intertidal

B  octopus in the lower intertidal

C  otters in kelp forests

D  salmon in estuaries

E  turtles in the intertidal

A  Differences in water temperature as one moves inland

B  Freshwater moving from rivers

C  Salt wedge moving toward the surface

D  The Coriolis effect

E  High tides moving in

A  the Hawaiian Islands

B  the Indo-Pacific

C  the Aleutian Islands

D  the Galapagos

E  the Caribbean

A  brooders

B  sexual reproducers

C  broadcast spawners

D  gamete spawners

A  tertiary consumer

B  primary producer

C  primary consumer

D  quaternary consumer

E  secondary consumer

A  The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities

B  Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations

C  The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides

D  Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle

E  Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)

A  Release mucus and other chemicals

B  Help in the deposition of the skeleton

C  Provide the coral with carbon dioxide

D  Provide the coral with protection from predators

E  Provide the coral with protection from herbivores

A  Provide habitats to many species

B  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems

C  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

D  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

E  All of the choices are true

A  Only live in temperate waters

B  Have zooxanthellae

C  Always have a soft skeleton

D  Are scavengers

E  Are non-reef builders

A  mutualistic

B  commensalistic

C  parasitic

D  symbiotic

E  episodic

A  tides

B  shifting sand

C  light

D  food

E  salinity

A  Fewer species

B  Increase in the number of mussels

C  Decrease in the number of seaweeds

D  More species overall

E  Less wave action

A  10%

B  15%

C  5%

D  2%

A  float blades toward the surface

B  provide surface for epiphyte growth

C  regulate gas exchange

D  provide CO2 for photosynthesis

A  atolls

B  fringing reefs

C  keys

D  barrier reefs

E  locks

A  Mostly biological factors

B  Neither physical nor biological factors

C  Mostly physical factors

D  Both biological and physical factors

A  Salinity

B  Substrate

C  Predation

D  Temerature

E  Light

A  Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species

B  Need less oxygen to survive

C  Only tolerate small temperature changes

D  Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities

E  Can survive broad changes in salinity

A  typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf

B  typically found on a submerged volcano

C  a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms

D  a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers