Quiz 2

A  Dental condition in which the cusps of molar teeth form ridges (or lophs) separated from each other by valleys.

B  The rounded bony floor of the middle ear cavity.

C  Dental condition found in modern strepsirrhines in which the lower incisors and canines are laterally compressed and protrude forward at a nearly horizontal inclination

D  Space between adjacent teeth.

A  Modern humans and any extinct relatives more closely related to us than to chimpanzees.

B  Group containing monkeys and apes, including humans.

C  Group containing catarrhines, platyrrhines, and tarsiers.

D  Order: Primates; Superfamily: Omomyoidea. One of the earliest groups of euprimates (true primates; earliest record in the early Eocene).

A  The ecological interaction between whole groups of species with whole groups of other species.

B  Dental condition where at least one of the lower cheek-teeth (molars or premolars) is a laterally compressed blade.

C  The features that allow you to recognize a group.

D  Dental condition found in modern strepsirrhines in which the lower incisors and canines are laterally compressed and protrude forward at a nearly horizontal inclination.

A  A subsistence system based on the small-scale cultivation of crops intended primarily for the direct consumption of the household or immediate community

B  Smallest monophyletic group (clade) containing a specified set of extant taxa and all descendants of their last common ancestor.

C  The ecological interaction between whole groups of species (e.g., primates) with whole groups of other species.

D  The independent evolution of a morphological feature in animals not closely related.

A  Order: Primates; Superfamily: Omomyoidea.

B  Taxa are basal to a given crown group but are more closely related to the crown group than to the closest living sister taxon of the crown group.

C  Group containing catarrhines, platyrrhines, and tarsiers.

D  Space between adjacent teeth.

A  Group containing all of the descendants of a single ancestor

B  Group containing monkeys and apes, including humans.

C  Order: Primates. True primates or primates of modern aspect

D  Group containing catarrhines, platyrrhines, and tarsiers.

A  When males and females of a species have different morphological traits.

B  The selection for traits that increase mating success. This occurs via intersexual selection and intrasexual selection.

C  Area of the hindquarters that change in size, shape and often color over the course of a female’s reproductive cycle, reaching maximum size at ovulation.

D  Competition between sperm of two or more different males to fertilize the same egg.

A  When males and females of a species have different morphological traits.

B  When males and females of a species have similar morphological traits.

C  An individual’s genetic contribution to future generations.

D  All living organisms that occur in an area that includes primates.

A  A mating system in which multiple males mate with a single breeding female.

B  Associations between two or more different species involving behavioral changes by at least one of the associated species

C  A mating system in which multiple males mate with multiple females.

D  A mating system in which one male mates with multiple females.

A  The killing of infants of one’s own species.

B  Emigrating from the group into which one is born.

C  A way of describing which male(s) and female(s) mate.

D  The length of time between successive births.

A  Two or more species that do not overlap in geographic distribution.

B  To leave one’s group or area. This may or may not involve entering another group

C  Members of the same species.

D  The ability of all individuals of the species to both send and receive messages; a feature of some species’ communication systems

A  A description of non-aggressive social interactions and associations between individuals.

B  A variety of speech. The term is often applied to a subordinate variety of a language. Speakers of two dialects of the same language do not necessarily always understand each other.

C  The transmission of behavior from one generation to the next through observation and imitation.

D  The idea that two species that compete for the exact same resources cannot coexist

A  Bony projection at the elbow end of the ulna.

B  The behavior of rubbing scent glands or urine onto objects as a way of communicating with others.

C  When a species exhibits sex differences in morphology, behavior, hormones, and/or coloration.

D  The relationship between a symbol and its referent (meaning), in which there is no obvious connection between them.

A  Sharpened ridges that connect cusps on a bilophodont molar.

B  A trait that has been inherited from a distant ancestor.

C  Having the ability to see reds, yellows, blues, greens, and ultraviolet.

D  Wet noses; produced when the nose is connected to the upper lip.

A  When two or more taxa share characteristics because they inherited them from a common ancestor.

B  Refers to an organism’s pace of growth, reproduction, lifespan, etc.

C  Bony projection at the elbow end of the ulna.

D  Having five digits or fingers and toes.

A  Being able to see only blues and greens.

B  A trait that is useful for a wide range of tasks.

C  A space between the teeth, usually for large canines to fit when the mouth is closed.

D  Having a diet consisting primarily of gums and saps.

A  A grouping based on overall similarity in lifestyle, appearance, and behavior.

B  Having different types of teeth.

C  The number of each type of tooth in one quadrant of the mouth, written as number of incisors: canines: premolars: molars.

D  The bumps on the chewing surface of the premolars and molars, which can be quite sharp in some species.

A  A form of locomotion in which the organism swings below branches using the forelimbs

B  A flattened area of the ischium on the pelvis over which calluses form; functioning as seat pads for sitting and resting atop branches.

C  Bony projection at the elbow end of the ulna.

D  How an organism moves around.

A  The study of what happens to an organism after death

B  The theoretical perspective that the geologic processes observed today are the same as the processes operating in the past.

C  The process of transforming the atom by spontaneously releasing energy.

D  Core samples taken from lake beds or other water sources for analysis of their pollen

A  Core samples taken from lake beds or other water sources for analysis of their pollen

B  Variants of elements that spontaneously change into stable isotopes over time.

C  Fossilized remains of activity such as footprints

D  A relative dating method that is based on ordered layers that build up over time.

A  Matter that cannot be broken down into smaller matter.

B  Periods characterized by low global temperatures and the expansion of ice sheets on Earth’s surface.

C  A specimen of human remains that is naturally mummified by extreme low temperatures.

D  Mineralized copies of organisms or activity imprints.

A  The smallest units of geologic time, spanning thousands to millions of years.

B  Mineralized copies of organisms or activity imprints.

C  A word used to describe species that are currently alive today.

D  When a fossil is embedded in a substance, such as igneous rock.

A  The scientific law that states that rock and soil are deposited in layers, with the youngest layers on top and the oldest layers on the bottom.

B  A chronometric dating method that uses the annual growth of trees to build a timeline into the past.

C  A relative dating method that analyzes the absorption of fluorine in bones from the surrounding soils.

D  The process by which the pressure of sediments squeeze extra water out of decaying remains and replace the voids that appear with minerals from the surrounding soil and groundwater.

A  Single-celled marine organisms with shells.

B  Mineralized copies of organisms or activity imprints

C  A word used to describe species that are currently alive today.

D  Fossilized poop.

A  The largest unity of geologic time, spanning billions of years and divided into subunits called eras, periods, and epochs.

B  Mineralized copies of organisms or activity imprints.

C  A word used to describe species that are currently alive today.

D  Periods characterized by low global temperatures and the expansion of ice sheets on Earth’s surface.