Third Midterm

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Question #1

Dr. Green says that she supports Erik Erikson’s model of development, which assumes that people pass through a universal sequence of age-related social and emotional changes during the life span. According to the textbook, Dr. Green supports the

A timing-of-events model.

B normative-stage model.

C idiosyncratic stage theory model.

D normative-sequential model.

Question #2

The term used for society’s norms or expectations for the appropriate timing-of-life events is the

A cohort time.

B normative time.

C individual clock.

D social clock.

Question #3

Jack is perceived by his friends as highly stubborn and impulsive. Considering the typological approach to personality development, Jack would be considered

A overcontrolled.

B well-adjusted.

C ego-resilient.

D undercontrolled.

Question #4

All of the following personality types reflect the typological model of personality except

A ego-resilient.

B undercontrolled.

C overcontrolled.

D conflicted.

Question #5

People who are shy, quiet, anxious, and dependable exhibit

A ego-controlled personalities.

B undercontrolled personalities.

C ego-resilient personalities.

D overcontrolled personalities.

Question #6

The five-factor model of personality emphasizes

A five crises that adolescents and young adults experience that produce instability in personality.

B personality changes that occur during middle childhood.

C normative influences on adaptive mechanisms in mid-life.

D stability of personality characteristics over much of adult life.

Question #7

Cathy is always willing to try new things. At dinner last night she sampled three new kinds of food. According to the five-factor model, Cathy would be described as

A open to experience.

B extraverted.

C neurotic.

D agreeable.

Question #8

According to the five-factor model, Steve, who is gregarious and assertive, would be described as

A extraverted.

B conscientious.

C open to experience.

D neurotic.

Question #9

According to the five-factor model, Alice, who is hostile and impulsive, would be described as

A agreeable.

B introverted.

C neurotic.

D extraverted.

Question #10

Which of the following is not one of the Five Factor Model personality traits described by Paul Costa and Robert McCrae?

A Extraversion

B Conscientiousness

C Openness

D Psychoticism

Question #11

Regular physical activity provides a number of benefits, including

A improved cardiovascular fitness.

B decreased muscle mass.

C early onset of osteoporosis.

D increased anxiety and stress.

Question #12

According to Schaie, an individual in the achieving stage is capable of

A using knowledge to pursue goals.

B solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.

C acquiring knowledge for its own sake.

D reorganizing his/her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.

Question #13

According to Schaie, an individual in the reorganizing stage is capable of

A solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.

B reorganizing his or her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.

C acquiring knowledge for its own sake.

D using knowledge to pursue goals.

Question #14

According to Schaie, an individual in the acquisitive stage is capable of

A acquiring knowledge for its own sake.

B using knowledge to pursue goals.

C reorganizing his/her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.

D solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.

Question #15

According to Schaie, an individual in the responsible stage is capable of

A using knowledge to pursue goals.

B acquiring knowledge for its own sake.

C reorganizing his/her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.

D solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.

Question #16

Edward always seems to know what to say to his boss to get on his good side. As a result, Edward has received three promotions over the last two years. Robert Sternberg would suggest that Edward possesses

A tacit knowledge.

B componential knowledge.

C critical knowledge.

D inside knowledge.

Question #17

According to Kohlberg, which of the following stages of moral reasoning cannot be reached until late adolescence or young adulthood?

A Conventional

B Preconventional

C Postconventional

D Experiential

Question #18

Jane applies what she learns at work during her evenings out with friends. Jane’s carryover of knowledge is predicted by the

A progressive syndrome.

B spillover hypothesis.

C sluice gate theory.

D delayed hypothesis.

Question #19

One major difference between Piaget’s cognitive development model and Schaie’s model of cognitive development is

A Piaget focused on the entire life span, while Schaie concentrated only on childhood and adolescence.

B Schaie ignored childhood completely and Piaget focused only on childhood.

C Schaie’s models address cognitive development across the life span, while Piaget ended at adolescence.

D Piaget’s model ignored the first five years of cognitive development, while Schaie’s model did not.

Question #20

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is

A another term for dysmenorrhea, or menstrual cramps.

B an emotional disorder with no physical symptoms.

C of emotional origin without any other biological explanation.

D experienced before the menstrual period and then declines.

Question #21

One of the benefits of being married is

A more disabilities or chronic conditions.

B compromised physical and psychological health.

C living longer.

D more opportunities to resolve conflict.

Question #22

The ability to recognize and deal with one’s own feelings and the feelings of others is called

A emotional intelligence.

B cognitive intelligence.

C cognitive emotions.

D intelligence.

Question #23

Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for

A premenstrual syndrome.

B puberty in females.

C a digestive system failure.

D painful menstruation.

Question #24

What is the term used to describe the search for autonomy and differentiation?

A Acceptance

B Moratorium

C Individuation

D Diffusion

Question #25

When his psychology teacher asks Frank what his plans after high school are, Frank just shrugs his shoulders and says, “I have not really thought about it much.” Marcia would place Frank in a state of

A identity foreclosure.

B identity diffusion.

C identity moratorium.

D identity achievement.

Question #26

When asked what she plans to become when she gets older, Katie replies, “I am going into nursing just like my mother told me to.” Marcia would suggest that Katie is in a state of

A identity moratorium.

B identity diffusion.

C identity achievement.

D identity foreclosure.

Question #27

Sally has thought about entering the field of medicine for several years. She went through a period of crisis before settling on this occupation. According to Marcia, what is her identity status?

A Moratorium

B Identity diffusion

C Identity achievement

D Foreclosure

Question #28

According to Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory, what is the name of the fifth stage of development and is experienced during adolescence?

A identity versus role confusion

B initiative versus guilt

C industry versus inferiority

D intimacy versus isolation

Question #29

James Marcia identifies four identity states or statuses, according to the presence or absence of

A crisis and foreclosure.

B moratorium and commitment.

C foreclosure and moratorium.

D crisis and commitment.

Question #30

Diane is 13 years old and is pondering her own talents, interests, and needs, as well as her place in society. According to Erikson, this struggle represents the crisis of

A industry versus inferiority.

B identity versus role confusion.

C autonomy versus shame and doubt.

D intimacy versus isolation.

Question #31

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning is characteristic of

A formal operational thought.

B preoperational thought.

C concrete operational thought.

D sensorimotor thought.

Question #32

A student’s desire to learn for the sake of learning is called

A extrinsic motivation.

B intrinsic motivation.

C inward achievement.

D self-efficacy.

Question #33

A parent that is never satisfied with their children’s good grades and will punish for poor grades engages in

A neglectful parenting.

B permissive parenting.

C authoritarian parenting.

D authoritative parenting.

Question #34

According to research described in the textbook, parents of high school students who earned the highest grades were likely to be

A inconsistent.

B authoritarian.

C authoritative.

D permissive.

Question #35

The awareness and monitoring of one’s own mental processes and strategies is called

A processing.

B metacognition.

C bilateral cognition.

D cognition.

Question #36

Linda solves a chemistry problem by systematically testing several hypotheses. According to Jean Piaget, she is in which stage of cognitive development?

A Preoperational

B Sensorimotor

C Concrete operations

D Formal operations

Question #37

Marsha has not eaten any food for the last three days. She has lost so much weight recently that her bones are showing through her skin. Even then, when Marsha looks in the mirror, she sees a person who needs to lose another ten pounds. This behavioral pattern is most consistent with

A anorexia nervosa.

B bulimia nervosa.

C binge eating disorder.

D yo-yo dieting.

Question #38

Secret gorging on food followed by vomiting, fasting, or purging with use of laxatives in a person of average body weight is characteristic of

A obese teenagers.

B anorexia nervosa.

C bulimia nervosa.

D compulsive dieters.

Question #39

Anna often eats to excess, consuming very large quantities of food in one sitting. This pattern of food consumption is most consistent with

A bulimic neurosis.

B yo-yo dieting.

C binge eating disorder.

D anorexia nervosa.

Question #40

Before the 20th century, there was no concept of adolescence. Children moved to adulthood either through physical maturity or when they began apprenticeships. Adolescence is

A a sign of puberty.

B an arbitrary state.

C a social construction.

D a genetically determined stage.

Question #41

Michelle is seeing a therapist one-on-one, to help her with her fear of school. Michelle is seeking which form of treatment?

A Group therapy

B Soloist therapy

C Individual therapy

D Administrative therapy

Question #42

A pattern of defiance and hostility toward adult authority lasting at least six months is called

A bipolar disorder.

B oppositional defiant disorder.

C fear of leaving one’s mother.

D conduct disorder.

Question #43

Roxanne just posted embarrassing photos of her ex-best friend on several social media sites. Roxanne is engaging in

A proactive bullying.

B cyberbullying.

C overt aggression.

D reactive bullying.

Question #44

Ben wanted another child’s toy at school and behaved aggressively to get it. Once Ben got the toy he walked away. This is an example of

A hostile aggressive bias.

B instrumental aggression.

C self-fulfilling prophecy.

D hostile personality disorder.

Question #45

Based on measures of sociometric popularity, a child who receives many positive nominations would be classified as

A popular.

B rejected.

C neglected.

D average.

Question #46

Which of the following pairs of siblings is most likely to quarrel?

A Two girls

B Two boys

C Older sister and younger brother

D Older brother and younger sister

Question #47

Traditionally, information about adoptions, especially the identity of the birth mother, was kept secret. In recent years, the adoption parties have shared information or had direct contact. This process is called

A shared adoption.

B communicative adoption.

C direct adoption.

D open adoption.

Question #48

Research has provided considerable evidence that children do better when raised in families with two biological parents or two parents who adopted the child in infancy. What type of family is this called?

A A reconstituted family.

B A nontraditional family.

C A traditional family.

D A blended family.

Question #49

A child caring for himself or herself at home without adult supervision is engaged in

A self-esteem.

B self-care.

C self-discipline.

D self-control.

Question #50

Erikson’s developmental crisis of middle childhood (from about 6 to 12 years) is

A trust versus mistrust.

B autonomy versus shame and doubt.

C identity versus role confusion.

D industry versus inferiority.

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