Midterm Exam

A  Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body at all and should be taken in through the diet to meet the required amounts

B  Amino acids that are normally nonessential but must be supplied through the diet when the need for it exceeds the body’s ability to produce it

C  Amino acids that are required by the body in minute quantities

D  Amino acids that are easily synthesized by the body and are not required to be consumed through the diet

E  Amino acids that are synthesized by the body in excess quantities

A  Genes

B  Weight

C  Diet

D  Age

E  Gender

A  A 30-year-old with extensive burns

B  A 60-year-old retiree

C  A 70-year-old recovering from surgery

D  A 20-year-old college student

E  A 38-year-old pregnant woman

A  Potassium

B  Vitamin C

C  Vitamin B12

D  Vitamin A

E  Serotonin

A  The body starts to dismantle its tissue proteins.

B  The excess protein causes muscle breakdown rather than building muscle tissue.

C  The body utilizes excess amino acids as fuel or stores them as fat.

D  A diet high in protein does not provide sufficient energy required to support muscle growth.

E  The body uses excess amino acids, leading to rapid muscle growth.

A  lysosomes

B  lipoproteins

C  antibodies

D  hormones

E  enzymes

A  transporting substances around the body.

B  supporting growth and maintenance.

C  building enzymes and hormones.

D  maintaining acid-base balance.

E  maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

A  Protein recommendations are based strictly on age and gender.

B  Dieters should take excess protein supplements to spare body proteins.

C  Athletes build muscle only when they consume excess protein supplements.

D  Infants and children need the same amount of protein as adults on a per-kilogram basis.

E  Athletes may need slightly more protein than other healthy adults.

A  Exercise regularly to promote muscle regain.

B  Consume whole protein as it is better handled by the digestive system and will promote recovery.

C  Take amino acid supplements because they are an excellent way to provide energy to rebuild muscles.

D  During recovery, consume extra carbohydrate but not extra protein.

E  Take amino acid supplements because they are easier to digest than whole foods.

A  A 28-year-old man

B  A 8-year-old child

C  A 20-year-old woman

D  A 28-year-old woman

E  An 82-year-old man

A  The country with the lowest saturated fat intake had the highest cardiovascular death rate.

B  One of the countries with the highest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

C  Saturated fat had little impact on cardiovascular death rates in the two countries with the highest total fat intakes.

D  The country that consumed more than 15% of total energy from saturated fat had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

E  The country with the lowest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

A  fatty acids

B  lipoproteins

C  sterols

D  phospholipids

E  triglycerides

A  All fatty acids are solid at room temperature.

B  All fatty acids have only double bonds.

C  The more carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms present in a fatty acid, the shorter the fatty acid is.

D  The more hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms, the more saturated a fatty acid is.

E  All fatty acids have the same chain length.

A  25 grams

B  15 grams

C  10 grams

D  17.5 grams

E  45 grams

A  53%

B  71%

C  31%

D  19%

E  42%

A  nondairy creamers, which are high in trans fats

B  avocados, which are high in unsaturated fats

C  walnuts, which are high in omega-6 fatty acids

D  flaxseed, which is high in omega-3 fatty acids

E  olives, which are high in monounsaturated fats

A  Vitamin D is made with cholesterol.

B  It is an essential nutrient.

C  It is a component of bile.

D  It can be made by the body.

E  It is a part of every cell.

A  iron

B  iodine

C  mercury

D  lead

E  arsenic

A  Her fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from saturated fat is too high.

B  Both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat meet the recommendations.

C  Her saturated fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from total fat is too high.

D  Her saturated fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from total fat is too low.

E  Both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat fall are above the recommendations.

A  Bananas

B  Skin-on chicken breasts

C  Ice cream

D  Soda

E  Butter

A  Insoluble fiber converts into bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol.

B  Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces.

C  Soluble fiber binds with enzymes in the blood and is metabolized by the liver.

D  Soluble fiber converts dietary cholesterol into bile, which is recycled for use in the digestive process.

E  Soluble fiber binds with bile in the intestine and carries cholesterol out with feces.

A  consuming sweetened soft drinks every day for a few weeks results in significant changes in blood lipids.

B  eating large amounts of pure sugar puts a strain on the appendix, leading to diabetes.

C  fructose suppresses the human appetite in the same way that glucose does.

D  sugar consumed in large amounts leads to obesity, even when calorie intake does not exceed calorie needs.

E  the link between sugar intake and colon cancer is weaker when total calorie intakes exceed the daily need.

A  fruits, vegetables, and grains

B  yogurt with live cultures

C  a variety of meats

D  refined grains and added sugars

E  enriched processed foods

A  cooked dried beans

B  chilled cooked potatoes

C  refined white flour

D  barley

E  oatmeal

A  Lowered risk of heart and artery disease

B  Lowered risk of appendicitis and complications from diverticula

C  Lowered risk of constipation and hemorrhoids

D  Increased blood cholesterol levels

E  Modulated blood glucose levels

A  75

B  50

C  100

D  130

E  200

A  Small molecules derived from glucose can be linked to form fat molecules.

B  Inside a cell, glucose is broken in half and these two halves have two pathways open to them.

C  Water is a by-product of splitting glucose for energy.

D  Glucose can be broken down to yield energy and carbon dioxide.

E  Body fat can be converted into glucose to feed the brain adequately.

A  malt sugar

B  table sugar

C  sugar alcohol

D  fruit sugar

E  milk sugar

A  Increasing caffeine intake

B  Restricting protein intake

C  Maintaining a healthy body weight

D  Avoiding strenuous physical exercise

E  Taking insulin injections

A  ketone bodies produced from proteins do not provide adequate energy for cells.

B  they provide ketone bodies that are the preferred energy sources of the body’s cells.

C  the glucose obtained from them is an important fuel for most of the body’s cells.

D  fats cannot provide energy for cellular processes.

E  they provide amino acids that are the preferred energy sources for body processes.

A  drinks are diluted with water.

B  carbohydrate-rich snacks are consumed at the same time.

C  the stomach is empty.

D  drinks are consumed slowly.

E  drinks contain less than half an ounce of alcohol. 

A  breathing becomes slower and shallower.

B  the pupils widen. 

C  blood pressure rises. 

D  blood glucose rises.

E  fat is released from fat cells.

A  Glycogen in the muscles and fat stores

B  Glycogen in the liver and fat stores

C  Glycogen in the muscles and liver

D  Glycogen in the liver

E  Glycogen in the muscles

A  The microvilli absorb nutrients into the lymphatic system.

B  The villi complete the breakdown of foods into nutrients.

C  The microvilli facilitate the digestion of a large percentage of deficient nutrients.

D  The villi block toxins from being absorbed into the blood.

E  The microvilli trap nutrients so the villi cells can absorb them.

A  Organs, tissues, cells, genes 

B  Cells, tissues, organs, body systems

C  Organs, tissues, muscles, cells

D  Body systems, organs, tissues, cells

E  Body systems, organs, muscles, cells

A  malnutrition

B  fatty liver disease

C  ulcerative colitis

D  inflammation

E  obesity

A  Epinephrine and norepinephrine

B  Epinephrine and neurotransmitters

C  Epinephrine and adrenaline

D  Adrenaline and insulin

E  Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and neurotransmitters

A  nutrients may not get absorbed.  

B  the absorption rate increases due to higher nutrient demands.

C  the muscles become weak due to inactivity. 

D  proteins may not be available to make digestive enzymes.

E  the surface area of the small intestine shrinks in size.

A  liver

B  gallbladder

C  kidneys

D  lungs

E  heart

A  pancreas, liver, small intestine

B  pancreas, liver, stomach

C  liver, gall bladder, stomach

D  liver, gall bladder, small intestine

A  2 ounces broiled salmon and 1 cup thick tomato sauce over 1/2 cup cooked pasta

B  1/2 avocado, 1/2 cup yogurt, 2 tablespoons peanut butter, and 1 cup cooked spinach

C  1 cup bean salad, 1 cup cooked rice, and 1/2 cup tofu

D  A sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread and 2 ounces ham, 1 boiled egg, and 1 cup vegetable juice

E  A sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread, 4 tablespoons nut butter, and 1 tablespoon honey with salad of 1 cup raw spinach

A  Her protein, carbohydrate and fat intake all fall within the AMDR.

B  Her protein and fat intake fall within the AMDR, but her carbohydrate intake is below it.

C  Her protein intake is the only macronutrient that falls within the AMDR.

D  Her carbohydrate intake is the only macronutrient that falls within the AMDR.

E  Her protein and carbohydrate intakes fall within the AMDR, but her fat intake is above it.

A  kefir

B  edamame and tofu

C  grapes 

D  green tea

E  chocolate 

A  presents the daily values for vitamin D and potassium at four calorie levels.

B  is different on every label.

C  provides the dietary references intakes (DRI) information for comparing different products.

D  serves as a reminder of the daily values for the selected nutrients.

E  conveys information specific to the food inside the package.

A  know that the manufacturer has done extensive research on the claim.

B  know this is an accurate statement because it was reviewed before being put on the label.

C  be aware that the FDA has done research on the manufacturer’s claim.

D  be suspicious because this is a structure-function claim requiring no advance approval.

E  be likely to recommend this product because of the obvious claim.

A  restoration of health in malnourished individuals.

B  reversal of nutrient deficiencies.

C  health maintenance and promotion of healing after injury.

D  health maintenance and disease prevention in healthy people.

E  disease prevention in both healthy and unhealthy individuals.

A  Popcorn

B  Quinoa

C  Oysters

D  Olives

E  Avocado

A  3,500

B  1,500

C  3,000

D  2,000

E  1,000

A  25% more fiber than other breads

B  at least 2 grams of fiber

C  at least 20% of the DV for fiber 

D  at least 5 grams of fiber

E  2.5 to 4.9 grams of fiber

A  limit the consumption of foods from the grains group.

B  choose foods with a high nutrient density from each food group.

C  eat only unprocessed foods.

D  follow a diet rich in dairy products.

E  follow a diet that includes only green vegetables.

A  emotional comfort

B  availability

C  cultural tradition

D  economy

E  social pressure

A  Protein

B  Cobalt

C  Nitrogen

D  Iron 

E  Calcium 

A  Concentrating mainly on the strengths of the current eating pattern

B  Avoiding changes in daily routine and specific behavior

C  Striving to integrate the new behavior into daily life and striving to make it permanent

D  Committing time and energy to make changes in behavior

E  Admitting that change is needed and weighing the pros and cons of changing

A  Protein

B  Fats

C  Carbohydrates

D  Minerals

E  Water

A  Decreased bone density

B  Increased lean body tissue

C  Improved mental functioning

D  Faster wound healing

E  Reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases

A  water

B  carbohydrate

C  fat

D  protein

E  fiber

A  intervention study

B  case study

C  epidemiological study

D  laboratory study

E  blind experiment

A  37%

B  52%

C  48%

D  58%

E  21%

A  An intervention study

B  A case study

C  A double-blind study

D  An epidemiological study

E  A laboratory study

A  processed

B  organic

C  whole

D  medical

E  natural