Midterm Exam

A  Amino acids that are easily synthesized by the body and are not required to be consumed through the diet

B  Amino acids that are synthesized by the body in excess quantities

C  Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body at all and should be taken in through the diet to meet the required amounts

D  Amino acids that are required by the body in minute quantities

E  Amino acids that are normally nonessential but must be supplied through the diet when the need for it exceeds the body’s ability to produce it

A  Age

B  Diet

C  Gender

D  Genes

E  Weight

A  A 30-year-old with extensive burns

B  A 38-year-old pregnant woman

C  A 20-year-old college student

D  A 70-year-old recovering from surgery

E  A 60-year-old retiree

A  Potassium

B  Serotonin

C  Vitamin A

D  Vitamin C

E  Vitamin B12

A  The excess protein causes muscle breakdown rather than building muscle tissue.

B  The body uses excess amino acids, leading to rapid muscle growth.

C  A diet high in protein does not provide sufficient energy required to support muscle growth.

D  The body utilizes excess amino acids as fuel or stores them as fat.

E  The body starts to dismantle its tissue proteins.

A  lysosomes

B  enzymes

C  hormones

D  antibodies

E  lipoproteins

A  transporting substances around the body.

B  building enzymes and hormones.

C  maintaining acid-base balance.

D  supporting growth and maintenance.

E  maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

A  Dieters should take excess protein supplements to spare body proteins.

B  Athletes may need slightly more protein than other healthy adults.

C  Athletes build muscle only when they consume excess protein supplements.

D  Protein recommendations are based strictly on age and gender.

E  Infants and children need the same amount of protein as adults on a per-kilogram basis.

A  Consume whole protein as it is better handled by the digestive system and will promote recovery.

B  Take amino acid supplements because they are an excellent way to provide energy to rebuild muscles.

C  Exercise regularly to promote muscle regain.

D  Take amino acid supplements because they are easier to digest than whole foods.

E  During recovery, consume extra carbohydrate but not extra protein.

A  A 28-year-old woman

B  A 8-year-old child

C  An 82-year-old man

D  A 28-year-old man

E  A 20-year-old woman

A  Saturated fat had little impact on cardiovascular death rates in the two countries with the highest total fat intakes.

B  The country that consumed more than 15% of total energy from saturated fat had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

C  The country with the lowest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

D  The country with the lowest saturated fat intake had the highest cardiovascular death rate.

E  One of the countries with the highest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

A  sterols

B  triglycerides

C  fatty acids

D  phospholipids

E  lipoproteins

A  All fatty acids have only double bonds.

B  The more carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms present in a fatty acid, the shorter the fatty acid is.

C  The more hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms, the more saturated a fatty acid is.

D  All fatty acids are solid at room temperature.

E  All fatty acids have the same chain length.

A  45 grams

B  25 grams

C  10 grams

D  15 grams

E  17.5 grams

A  19%

B  31%

C  53%

D  42%

E  71%

A  flaxseed, which is high in omega-3 fatty acids

B  olives, which are high in monounsaturated fats

C  avocados, which are high in unsaturated fats

D  nondairy creamers, which are high in trans fats

E  walnuts, which are high in omega-6 fatty acids

A  It can be made by the body.

B  It is a component of bile.

C  It is a part of every cell.

D  It is an essential nutrient.

E  Vitamin D is made with cholesterol.

A  iodine

B  mercury

C  lead

D  arsenic

E  iron

A  Her saturated fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from total fat is too high.

B  Her fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from saturated fat is too high.

C  Both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat meet the recommendations.

D  Her saturated fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from total fat is too low.

E  Both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat fall are above the recommendations.

A  Butter

B  Bananas

C  Soda

D  Skin-on chicken breasts

E  Ice cream

A  Soluble fiber binds with enzymes in the blood and is metabolized by the liver.

B  Soluble fiber binds with bile in the intestine and carries cholesterol out with feces.

C  Insoluble fiber converts into bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol.

D  Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces.

E  Soluble fiber converts dietary cholesterol into bile, which is recycled for use in the digestive process.

A  sugar consumed in large amounts leads to obesity, even when calorie intake does not exceed calorie needs.

B  fructose suppresses the human appetite in the same way that glucose does.

C  the link between sugar intake and colon cancer is weaker when total calorie intakes exceed the daily need.

D  eating large amounts of pure sugar puts a strain on the appendix, leading to diabetes.

E  consuming sweetened soft drinks every day for a few weeks results in significant changes in blood lipids.

A  refined grains and added sugars

B  fruits, vegetables, and grains

C  yogurt with live cultures

D  enriched processed foods

E  a variety of meats

A  cooked dried beans

B  barley

C  refined white flour

D  chilled cooked potatoes

E  oatmeal

A  Increased blood cholesterol levels

B  Lowered risk of heart and artery disease

C  Modulated blood glucose levels

D  Lowered risk of appendicitis and complications from diverticula

E  Lowered risk of constipation and hemorrhoids

A  130

B  75

C  50

D  200

E  100

A  Body fat can be converted into glucose to feed the brain adequately.

B  Small molecules derived from glucose can be linked to form fat molecules.

C  Inside a cell, glucose is broken in half and these two halves have two pathways open to them.

D  Glucose can be broken down to yield energy and carbon dioxide.

E  Water is a by-product of splitting glucose for energy.

A  sugar alcohol

B  milk sugar

C  malt sugar

D  table sugar

E  fruit sugar

A  Restricting protein intake

B  Avoiding strenuous physical exercise

C  Taking insulin injections

D  Increasing caffeine intake

E  Maintaining a healthy body weight

A  fats cannot provide energy for cellular processes.

B  they provide ketone bodies that are the preferred energy sources of the body’s cells.

C  they provide amino acids that are the preferred energy sources for body processes.

D  the glucose obtained from them is an important fuel for most of the body’s cells.

E  ketone bodies produced from proteins do not provide adequate energy for cells.

A  drinks are consumed slowly.

B  drinks are diluted with water.

C  drinks contain less than half an ounce of alcohol. 

D  carbohydrate-rich snacks are consumed at the same time.

E  the stomach is empty.

A  fat is released from fat cells.

B  blood pressure rises. 

C  blood glucose rises.

D  the pupils widen. 

E  breathing becomes slower and shallower.

A  Glycogen in the muscles

B  Glycogen in the muscles and fat stores

C  Glycogen in the liver

D  Glycogen in the liver and fat stores

E  Glycogen in the muscles and liver

A  The microvilli trap nutrients so the villi cells can absorb them.

B  The villi block toxins from being absorbed into the blood.

C  The microvilli facilitate the digestion of a large percentage of deficient nutrients.

D  The villi complete the breakdown of foods into nutrients.

E  The microvilli absorb nutrients into the lymphatic system.

A  Body systems, organs, tissues, cells

B  Organs, tissues, muscles, cells

C  Organs, tissues, cells, genes 

D  Body systems, organs, muscles, cells

E  Cells, tissues, organs, body systems

A  malnutrition

B  inflammation

C  obesity

D  fatty liver disease

E  ulcerative colitis

A  Epinephrine and adrenaline

B  Adrenaline and insulin

C  Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and neurotransmitters

D  Epinephrine and neurotransmitters

E  Epinephrine and norepinephrine

A  nutrients may not get absorbed.  

B  proteins may not be available to make digestive enzymes.

C  the surface area of the small intestine shrinks in size.

D  the absorption rate increases due to higher nutrient demands.

E  the muscles become weak due to inactivity. 

A  gallbladder

B  liver

C  heart

D  kidneys

E  lungs

A  liver, gall bladder, small intestine

B  pancreas, liver, small intestine

C  pancreas, liver, stomach

D  liver, gall bladder, stomach

A  2 ounces broiled salmon and 1 cup thick tomato sauce over 1/2 cup cooked pasta

B  1/2 avocado, 1/2 cup yogurt, 2 tablespoons peanut butter, and 1 cup cooked spinach

C  1 cup bean salad, 1 cup cooked rice, and 1/2 cup tofu

D  A sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread and 2 ounces ham, 1 boiled egg, and 1 cup vegetable juice

E  A sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread, 4 tablespoons nut butter, and 1 tablespoon honey with salad of 1 cup raw spinach

A  Her protein intake is the only macronutrient that falls within the AMDR.

B  Her protein and carbohydrate intakes fall within the AMDR, but her fat intake is above it.

C  Her carbohydrate intake is the only macronutrient that falls within the AMDR.

D  Her protein and fat intake fall within the AMDR, but her carbohydrate intake is below it.

E  Her protein, carbohydrate and fat intake all fall within the AMDR.

A  kefir

B  green tea

C  edamame and tofu

D  chocolate 

E  grapes 

A  provides the dietary references intakes (DRI) information for comparing different products.

B  is different on every label.

C  serves as a reminder of the daily values for the selected nutrients.

D  conveys information specific to the food inside the package.

E  presents the daily values for vitamin D and potassium at four calorie levels.

A  know that the manufacturer has done extensive research on the claim.

B  be suspicious because this is a structure-function claim requiring no advance approval.

C  be likely to recommend this product because of the obvious claim.

D  know this is an accurate statement because it was reviewed before being put on the label.

E  be aware that the FDA has done research on the manufacturer’s claim.

A  disease prevention in both healthy and unhealthy individuals.

B  health maintenance and disease prevention in healthy people.

C  health maintenance and promotion of healing after injury.

D  restoration of health in malnourished individuals.

E  reversal of nutrient deficiencies.

A  Olives

B  Oysters

C  Popcorn

D  Avocado

E  Quinoa

A  2,000

B  1,000

C  3,000

D  1,500

E  3,500

A  at least 5 grams of fiber

B  25% more fiber than other breads

C  2.5 to 4.9 grams of fiber

D  at least 2 grams of fiber

E  at least 20% of the DV for fiber 

A  follow a diet that includes only green vegetables.

B  choose foods with a high nutrient density from each food group.

C  eat only unprocessed foods.

D  limit the consumption of foods from the grains group.

E  follow a diet rich in dairy products.

A  social pressure

B  availability

C  cultural tradition

D  economy

E  emotional comfort

A  Protein

B  Calcium 

C  Nitrogen

D  Iron 

E  Cobalt

A  Avoiding changes in daily routine and specific behavior

B  Concentrating mainly on the strengths of the current eating pattern

C  Striving to integrate the new behavior into daily life and striving to make it permanent

D  Admitting that change is needed and weighing the pros and cons of changing

E  Committing time and energy to make changes in behavior

A  Minerals

B  Water

C  Carbohydrates

D  Protein

E  Fats

A  Improved mental functioning

B  Decreased bone density

C  Reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases

D  Faster wound healing

E  Increased lean body tissue

A  fat

B  water

C  fiber

D  carbohydrate

E  protein

A  blind experiment

B  intervention study

C  epidemiological study

D  case study

E  laboratory study

A  58%

B  52%

C  48%

D  21%

E  37%

A  An epidemiological study

B  An intervention study

C  A laboratory study

D  A double-blind study

E  A case study

A  natural

B  processed

C  whole

D  medical

E  organic