Midterm Exam

A  Amino acids that are required by the body in minute quantities

B  Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body at all and should be taken in through the diet to meet the required amounts

C  Amino acids that are normally nonessential but must be supplied through the diet when the need for it exceeds the body’s ability to produce it

D  Amino acids that are easily synthesized by the body and are not required to be consumed through the diet

E  Amino acids that are synthesized by the body in excess quantities

A  Age

B  Gender

C  Genes

D  Weight

E  Diet

A  A 70-year-old recovering from surgery

B  A 30-year-old with extensive burns

C  A 20-year-old college student

D  A 38-year-old pregnant woman

E  A 60-year-old retiree

A  Vitamin B12

B  Potassium

C  Vitamin C

D  Vitamin A

E  Serotonin

A  A diet high in protein does not provide sufficient energy required to support muscle growth.

B  The body uses excess amino acids, leading to rapid muscle growth.

C  The body utilizes excess amino acids as fuel or stores them as fat.

D  The body starts to dismantle its tissue proteins.

E  The excess protein causes muscle breakdown rather than building muscle tissue.

A  lysosomes

B  enzymes

C  lipoproteins

D  hormones

E  antibodies

A  building enzymes and hormones.

B  transporting substances around the body.

C  maintaining acid-base balance.

D  maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

E  supporting growth and maintenance.

A  Athletes may need slightly more protein than other healthy adults.

B  Athletes build muscle only when they consume excess protein supplements.

C  Protein recommendations are based strictly on age and gender.

D  Infants and children need the same amount of protein as adults on a per-kilogram basis.

E  Dieters should take excess protein supplements to spare body proteins.

A  Take amino acid supplements because they are easier to digest than whole foods.

B  Take amino acid supplements because they are an excellent way to provide energy to rebuild muscles.

C  During recovery, consume extra carbohydrate but not extra protein.

D  Consume whole protein as it is better handled by the digestive system and will promote recovery.

E  Exercise regularly to promote muscle regain.

A  A 8-year-old child

B  A 28-year-old woman

C  A 20-year-old woman

D  An 82-year-old man

E  A 28-year-old man

A  The country with the lowest saturated fat intake had the highest cardiovascular death rate.

B  The country with the lowest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

C  One of the countries with the highest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

D  The country that consumed more than 15% of total energy from saturated fat had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

E  Saturated fat had little impact on cardiovascular death rates in the two countries with the highest total fat intakes.

A  phospholipids

B  fatty acids

C  lipoproteins

D  triglycerides

E  sterols

A  All fatty acids have the same chain length.

B  The more carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms present in a fatty acid, the shorter the fatty acid is.

C  The more hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms, the more saturated a fatty acid is.

D  All fatty acids have only double bonds.

E  All fatty acids are solid at room temperature.

A  17.5 grams

B  15 grams

C  25 grams

D  45 grams

E  10 grams

A  42%

B  31%

C  71%

D  19%

E  53%

A  avocados, which are high in unsaturated fats

B  walnuts, which are high in omega-6 fatty acids

C  olives, which are high in monounsaturated fats

D  flaxseed, which is high in omega-3 fatty acids

E  nondairy creamers, which are high in trans fats

A  It is an essential nutrient.

B  It can be made by the body.

C  Vitamin D is made with cholesterol.

D  It is a component of bile.

E  It is a part of every cell.

A  iron

B  mercury

C  arsenic

D  iodine

E  lead

A  Both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat meet the recommendations.

B  Her saturated fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from total fat is too low.

C  Her fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from saturated fat is too high.

D  Her saturated fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from total fat is too high.

E  Both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat fall are above the recommendations.

A  Ice cream

B  Soda

C  Butter

D  Skin-on chicken breasts

E  Bananas

A  Soluble fiber binds with bile in the intestine and carries cholesterol out with feces.

B  Soluble fiber converts dietary cholesterol into bile, which is recycled for use in the digestive process.

C  Soluble fiber binds with enzymes in the blood and is metabolized by the liver.

D  Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces.

E  Insoluble fiber converts into bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol.

A  the link between sugar intake and colon cancer is weaker when total calorie intakes exceed the daily need.

B  consuming sweetened soft drinks every day for a few weeks results in significant changes in blood lipids.

C  fructose suppresses the human appetite in the same way that glucose does.

D  eating large amounts of pure sugar puts a strain on the appendix, leading to diabetes.

E  sugar consumed in large amounts leads to obesity, even when calorie intake does not exceed calorie needs.

A  yogurt with live cultures

B  a variety of meats

C  refined grains and added sugars

D  enriched processed foods

E  fruits, vegetables, and grains

A  barley

B  chilled cooked potatoes

C  oatmeal

D  cooked dried beans

E  refined white flour

A  Lowered risk of appendicitis and complications from diverticula

B  Increased blood cholesterol levels

C  Modulated blood glucose levels

D  Lowered risk of constipation and hemorrhoids

E  Lowered risk of heart and artery disease

A  75

B  130

C  100

D  50

E  200

A  Body fat can be converted into glucose to feed the brain adequately.

B  Inside a cell, glucose is broken in half and these two halves have two pathways open to them.

C  Water is a by-product of splitting glucose for energy.

D  Small molecules derived from glucose can be linked to form fat molecules.

E  Glucose can be broken down to yield energy and carbon dioxide.

A  fruit sugar

B  malt sugar

C  milk sugar

D  table sugar

E  sugar alcohol

A  Restricting protein intake

B  Maintaining a healthy body weight

C  Avoiding strenuous physical exercise

D  Increasing caffeine intake

E  Taking insulin injections

A  the glucose obtained from them is an important fuel for most of the body’s cells.

B  they provide ketone bodies that are the preferred energy sources of the body’s cells.

C  ketone bodies produced from proteins do not provide adequate energy for cells.

D  fats cannot provide energy for cellular processes.

E  they provide amino acids that are the preferred energy sources for body processes.

A  carbohydrate-rich snacks are consumed at the same time.

B  the stomach is empty.

C  drinks contain less than half an ounce of alcohol. 

D  drinks are consumed slowly.

E  drinks are diluted with water.

A  the pupils widen. 

B  fat is released from fat cells.

C  breathing becomes slower and shallower.

D  blood glucose rises.

E  blood pressure rises. 

A  Glycogen in the muscles and liver

B  Glycogen in the liver

C  Glycogen in the muscles and fat stores

D  Glycogen in the muscles

E  Glycogen in the liver and fat stores

A  The microvilli trap nutrients so the villi cells can absorb them.

B  The villi block toxins from being absorbed into the blood.

C  The microvilli facilitate the digestion of a large percentage of deficient nutrients.

D  The microvilli absorb nutrients into the lymphatic system.

E  The villi complete the breakdown of foods into nutrients.

A  Organs, tissues, cells, genes 

B  Body systems, organs, muscles, cells

C  Organs, tissues, muscles, cells

D  Body systems, organs, tissues, cells

E  Cells, tissues, organs, body systems

A  fatty liver disease

B  inflammation

C  ulcerative colitis

D  obesity

E  malnutrition

A  Epinephrine and neurotransmitters

B  Epinephrine and adrenaline

C  Adrenaline and insulin

D  Epinephrine and norepinephrine

E  Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and neurotransmitters

A  nutrients may not get absorbed.  

B  the surface area of the small intestine shrinks in size.

C  the absorption rate increases due to higher nutrient demands.

D  the muscles become weak due to inactivity. 

E  proteins may not be available to make digestive enzymes.

A  kidneys

B  gallbladder

C  liver

D  lungs

E  heart

A  liver, gall bladder, stomach

B  liver, gall bladder, small intestine

C  pancreas, liver, stomach

D  pancreas, liver, small intestine

A  1/2 avocado, 1/2 cup yogurt, 2 tablespoons peanut butter, and 1 cup cooked spinach

B  1 cup bean salad, 1 cup cooked rice, and 1/2 cup tofu

C  A sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread and 2 ounces ham, 1 boiled egg, and 1 cup vegetable juice

D  A sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread, 4 tablespoons nut butter, and 1 tablespoon honey with salad of 1 cup raw spinach

E  2 ounces broiled salmon and 1 cup thick tomato sauce over 1/2 cup cooked pasta

A  Her protein, carbohydrate and fat intake all fall within the AMDR.

B  Her protein and carbohydrate intakes fall within the AMDR, but her fat intake is above it.

C  Her protein intake is the only macronutrient that falls within the AMDR.

D  Her protein and fat intake fall within the AMDR, but her carbohydrate intake is below it.

E  Her carbohydrate intake is the only macronutrient that falls within the AMDR.

A  green tea

B  edamame and tofu

C  chocolate 

D  grapes 

E  kefir

A  provides the dietary references intakes (DRI) information for comparing different products.

B  conveys information specific to the food inside the package.

C  presents the daily values for vitamin D and potassium at four calorie levels.

D  serves as a reminder of the daily values for the selected nutrients.

E  is different on every label.

A  be aware that the FDA has done research on the manufacturer’s claim.

B  know that the manufacturer has done extensive research on the claim.

C  be suspicious because this is a structure-function claim requiring no advance approval.

D  know this is an accurate statement because it was reviewed before being put on the label.

E  be likely to recommend this product because of the obvious claim.

A  health maintenance and promotion of healing after injury.

B  restoration of health in malnourished individuals.

C  health maintenance and disease prevention in healthy people.

D  disease prevention in both healthy and unhealthy individuals.

E  reversal of nutrient deficiencies.

A  Oysters

B  Olives

C  Quinoa

D  Avocado

E  Popcorn

A  3,000

B  3,500

C  1,000

D  2,000

E  1,500

A  25% more fiber than other breads

B  at least 5 grams of fiber

C  at least 2 grams of fiber

D  at least 20% of the DV for fiber 

E  2.5 to 4.9 grams of fiber

A  follow a diet that includes only green vegetables.

B  choose foods with a high nutrient density from each food group.

C  eat only unprocessed foods.

D  follow a diet rich in dairy products.

E  limit the consumption of foods from the grains group.

A  social pressure

B  availability

C  emotional comfort

D  cultural tradition

E  economy

A  Protein

B  Calcium 

C  Iron 

D  Nitrogen

E  Cobalt

A  Concentrating mainly on the strengths of the current eating pattern

B  Striving to integrate the new behavior into daily life and striving to make it permanent

C  Admitting that change is needed and weighing the pros and cons of changing

D  Committing time and energy to make changes in behavior

E  Avoiding changes in daily routine and specific behavior

A  Protein

B  Water

C  Minerals

D  Fats

E  Carbohydrates

A  Decreased bone density

B  Increased lean body tissue

C  Reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases

D  Faster wound healing

E  Improved mental functioning

A  water

B  carbohydrate

C  fiber

D  protein

E  fat

A  epidemiological study

B  intervention study

C  blind experiment

D  case study

E  laboratory study

A  52%

B  37%

C  48%

D  58%

E  21%

A  An epidemiological study

B  A double-blind study

C  A case study

D  An intervention study

E  A laboratory study

A  natural

B  whole

C  organic

D  processed

E  medical