Midterm Exam

A  Amino acids that are required by the body in minute quantities

B  Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body at all and should be taken in through the diet to meet the required amounts

C  Amino acids that are normally nonessential but must be supplied through the diet when the need for it exceeds the body’s ability to produce it

D  Amino acids that are easily synthesized by the body and are not required to be consumed through the diet

E  Amino acids that are synthesized by the body in excess quantities

A  Weight

B  Gender

C  Genes

D  Age

E  Diet

A  A 60-year-old retiree

B  A 20-year-old college student

C  A 30-year-old with extensive burns

D  A 70-year-old recovering from surgery

E  A 38-year-old pregnant woman

A  Potassium

B  Vitamin A

C  Vitamin C

D  Serotonin

E  Vitamin B12

A  The body utilizes excess amino acids as fuel or stores them as fat.

B  The body uses excess amino acids, leading to rapid muscle growth.

C  The body starts to dismantle its tissue proteins.

D  A diet high in protein does not provide sufficient energy required to support muscle growth.

E  The excess protein causes muscle breakdown rather than building muscle tissue.

A  hormones

B  lipoproteins

C  enzymes

D  lysosomes

E  antibodies

A  building enzymes and hormones.

B  maintaining acid-base balance.

C  transporting substances around the body.

D  maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

E  supporting growth and maintenance.

A  Athletes may need slightly more protein than other healthy adults.

B  Infants and children need the same amount of protein as adults on a per-kilogram basis.

C  Dieters should take excess protein supplements to spare body proteins.

D  Athletes build muscle only when they consume excess protein supplements.

E  Protein recommendations are based strictly on age and gender.

A  Consume whole protein as it is better handled by the digestive system and will promote recovery.

B  During recovery, consume extra carbohydrate but not extra protein.

C  Take amino acid supplements because they are easier to digest than whole foods.

D  Take amino acid supplements because they are an excellent way to provide energy to rebuild muscles.

E  Exercise regularly to promote muscle regain.

A  A 28-year-old man

B  A 28-year-old woman

C  A 8-year-old child

D  An 82-year-old man

E  A 20-year-old woman

A  The country with the lowest saturated fat intake had the highest cardiovascular death rate.

B  Saturated fat had little impact on cardiovascular death rates in the two countries with the highest total fat intakes.

C  One of the countries with the highest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

D  The country with the lowest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

E  The country that consumed more than 15% of total energy from saturated fat had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.

A  sterols

B  fatty acids

C  phospholipids

D  lipoproteins

E  triglycerides

A  All fatty acids are solid at room temperature.

B  All fatty acids have the same chain length.

C  The more carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms present in a fatty acid, the shorter the fatty acid is.

D  The more hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms, the more saturated a fatty acid is.

E  All fatty acids have only double bonds.

A  10 grams

B  25 grams

C  17.5 grams

D  45 grams

E  15 grams

A  42%

B  53%

C  19%

D  71%

E  31%

A  walnuts, which are high in omega-6 fatty acids

B  olives, which are high in monounsaturated fats

C  flaxseed, which is high in omega-3 fatty acids

D  avocados, which are high in unsaturated fats

E  nondairy creamers, which are high in trans fats

A  It is an essential nutrient.

B  It is a component of bile.

C  It is a part of every cell.

D  Vitamin D is made with cholesterol.

E  It can be made by the body.

A  iodine

B  mercury

C  arsenic

D  iron

E  lead

A  Her saturated fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from total fat is too high.

B  Her saturated fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from total fat is too low.

C  Both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat meet the recommendations.

D  Her fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from saturated fat is too high.

E  Both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat fall are above the recommendations.

A  Butter

B  Soda

C  Bananas

D  Skin-on chicken breasts

E  Ice cream

A  Insoluble fiber converts into bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol.

B  Soluble fiber converts dietary cholesterol into bile, which is recycled for use in the digestive process.

C  Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces.

D  Soluble fiber binds with bile in the intestine and carries cholesterol out with feces.

E  Soluble fiber binds with enzymes in the blood and is metabolized by the liver.

A  consuming sweetened soft drinks every day for a few weeks results in significant changes in blood lipids.

B  the link between sugar intake and colon cancer is weaker when total calorie intakes exceed the daily need.

C  sugar consumed in large amounts leads to obesity, even when calorie intake does not exceed calorie needs.

D  fructose suppresses the human appetite in the same way that glucose does.

E  eating large amounts of pure sugar puts a strain on the appendix, leading to diabetes.

A  yogurt with live cultures

B  a variety of meats

C  refined grains and added sugars

D  enriched processed foods

E  fruits, vegetables, and grains

A  cooked dried beans

B  chilled cooked potatoes

C  refined white flour

D  barley

E  oatmeal

A  Lowered risk of constipation and hemorrhoids

B  Lowered risk of appendicitis and complications from diverticula

C  Increased blood cholesterol levels

D  Modulated blood glucose levels

E  Lowered risk of heart and artery disease

A  50

B  100

C  75

D  130

E  200

A  Inside a cell, glucose is broken in half and these two halves have two pathways open to them.

B  Water is a by-product of splitting glucose for energy.

C  Body fat can be converted into glucose to feed the brain adequately.

D  Small molecules derived from glucose can be linked to form fat molecules.

E  Glucose can be broken down to yield energy and carbon dioxide.

A  table sugar

B  fruit sugar

C  milk sugar

D  malt sugar

E  sugar alcohol

A  Maintaining a healthy body weight

B  Restricting protein intake

C  Avoiding strenuous physical exercise

D  Increasing caffeine intake

E  Taking insulin injections

A  fats cannot provide energy for cellular processes.

B  the glucose obtained from them is an important fuel for most of the body’s cells.

C  ketone bodies produced from proteins do not provide adequate energy for cells.

D  they provide amino acids that are the preferred energy sources for body processes.

E  they provide ketone bodies that are the preferred energy sources of the body’s cells.

A  drinks are consumed slowly.

B  drinks are diluted with water.

C  carbohydrate-rich snacks are consumed at the same time.

D  the stomach is empty.

E  drinks contain less than half an ounce of alcohol. 

A  fat is released from fat cells.

B  blood glucose rises.

C  breathing becomes slower and shallower.

D  the pupils widen. 

E  blood pressure rises. 

A  Glycogen in the liver and fat stores

B  Glycogen in the muscles and fat stores

C  Glycogen in the muscles

D  Glycogen in the liver

E  Glycogen in the muscles and liver

A  The microvilli trap nutrients so the villi cells can absorb them.

B  The microvilli absorb nutrients into the lymphatic system.

C  The microvilli facilitate the digestion of a large percentage of deficient nutrients.

D  The villi complete the breakdown of foods into nutrients.

E  The villi block toxins from being absorbed into the blood.

A  Body systems, organs, muscles, cells

B  Cells, tissues, organs, body systems

C  Organs, tissues, cells, genes 

D  Body systems, organs, tissues, cells

E  Organs, tissues, muscles, cells

A  ulcerative colitis

B  obesity

C  malnutrition

D  fatty liver disease

E  inflammation

A  Epinephrine and adrenaline

B  Epinephrine and neurotransmitters

C  Epinephrine and norepinephrine

D  Adrenaline and insulin

E  Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and neurotransmitters

A  the absorption rate increases due to higher nutrient demands.

B  the muscles become weak due to inactivity. 

C  the surface area of the small intestine shrinks in size.

D  proteins may not be available to make digestive enzymes.

E  nutrients may not get absorbed.  

A  liver

B  kidneys

C  heart

D  lungs

E  gallbladder

A  pancreas, liver, stomach

B  pancreas, liver, small intestine

C  liver, gall bladder, small intestine

D  liver, gall bladder, stomach

A  2 ounces broiled salmon and 1 cup thick tomato sauce over 1/2 cup cooked pasta

B  1/2 avocado, 1/2 cup yogurt, 2 tablespoons peanut butter, and 1 cup cooked spinach

C  A sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread, 4 tablespoons nut butter, and 1 tablespoon honey with salad of 1 cup raw spinach

D  A sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread and 2 ounces ham, 1 boiled egg, and 1 cup vegetable juice

E  1 cup bean salad, 1 cup cooked rice, and 1/2 cup tofu

A  Her protein, carbohydrate and fat intake all fall within the AMDR.

B  Her protein intake is the only macronutrient that falls within the AMDR.

C  Her protein and fat intake fall within the AMDR, but her carbohydrate intake is below it.

D  Her protein and carbohydrate intakes fall within the AMDR, but her fat intake is above it.

E  Her carbohydrate intake is the only macronutrient that falls within the AMDR.

A  grapes 

B  green tea

C  edamame and tofu

D  kefir

E  chocolate 

A  conveys information specific to the food inside the package.

B  is different on every label.

C  provides the dietary references intakes (DRI) information for comparing different products.

D  presents the daily values for vitamin D and potassium at four calorie levels.

E  serves as a reminder of the daily values for the selected nutrients.

A  be likely to recommend this product because of the obvious claim.

B  know this is an accurate statement because it was reviewed before being put on the label.

C  be aware that the FDA has done research on the manufacturer’s claim.

D  be suspicious because this is a structure-function claim requiring no advance approval.

E  know that the manufacturer has done extensive research on the claim.

A  restoration of health in malnourished individuals.

B  health maintenance and promotion of healing after injury.

C  health maintenance and disease prevention in healthy people.

D  reversal of nutrient deficiencies.

E  disease prevention in both healthy and unhealthy individuals.

A  Oysters

B  Olives

C  Avocado

D  Popcorn

E  Quinoa

A  1,000

B  1,500

C  3,000

D  2,000

E  3,500

A  at least 2 grams of fiber

B  at least 5 grams of fiber

C  2.5 to 4.9 grams of fiber

D  at least 20% of the DV for fiber 

E  25% more fiber than other breads

A  follow a diet that includes only green vegetables.

B  limit the consumption of foods from the grains group.

C  follow a diet rich in dairy products.

D  choose foods with a high nutrient density from each food group.

E  eat only unprocessed foods.

A  cultural tradition

B  social pressure

C  economy

D  emotional comfort

E  availability

A  Protein

B  Iron 

C  Nitrogen

D  Calcium 

E  Cobalt

A  Avoiding changes in daily routine and specific behavior

B  Admitting that change is needed and weighing the pros and cons of changing

C  Committing time and energy to make changes in behavior

D  Striving to integrate the new behavior into daily life and striving to make it permanent

E  Concentrating mainly on the strengths of the current eating pattern

A  Fats

B  Carbohydrates

C  Protein

D  Water

E  Minerals

A  Reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases

B  Increased lean body tissue

C  Improved mental functioning

D  Faster wound healing

E  Decreased bone density

A  water

B  fiber

C  carbohydrate

D  fat

E  protein

A  blind experiment

B  case study

C  epidemiological study

D  intervention study

E  laboratory study

A  37%

B  21%

C  52%

D  58%

E  48%

A  A laboratory study

B  A double-blind study

C  A case study

D  An epidemiological study

E  An intervention study

A  organic

B  whole

C  natural

D  medical

E  processed