Exam 2

A  num

B  egalitarian

C  sorcerer [in anthropological terms]

D  witch [in anthropological terms]

A  num

B  witch [in anthropological terms]

C  sorcerer [in anthropological terms]

D  egalitarian

A  egalitarian

B  trickster tales

C  poison oracle

D  num

A  polygyny

B  polyandry

C  egalitarian

D  num

A  polygyny

B  trickster tales

C  poison oracle

D  egalitarian

A  trickster tales

B  num

C  polygyny

D  poison oracle

A  poison oracle

B  polygyny

C  polyandry

D  num

A  egalitarian

B  num

C  poison oracle

D  polyandry

A  the stream nearest that location

B  the mythological place of origin of his clan

C  his mother’s body

D  the house in which he was born

A  Attempts to control oil resouces

B  Attempts to control coastlines

C  Attempts to control diamonds

D  Attempts to control fisheries

A  individual houses for each of the man’s wives

B  doors with hinges and locks

C  granaries for storing maize and millet

D  enclosed courtyards with gates

A  to teach children moral lessons and the consequences of disobeying social expectations

B  to provide raunchy entertainment for adults

C  to allow adolescent boys to show interest in a particular girl without fear of rejection

D  to voice displeasure with one’s neighbors or local government administrators

A  A way to explain misfortune

B  A way to explain sickness

C  A means of competition between unequal lineages, or between rich and poor

D  An expression of jealousy and resentment between co-wives

E  A social leveling mechanism

A  It widened both partner’s trading networks and enhanced their position in the community

B  It created a new “homestead” separate from male influence

C  It was the only way for women to divorce their husbands, and was quite common

D  It required one partner to take on the traditional gender role of an Azande male

A  It is the Azande worldview that people have witchcraft substance inside them, and can harm others with it

B  The supernatural power behind witchcraft is not well understood by Western scientists

C  The Azande choose to ignore observable reality, and so they create imaginary causes to explain events

D  The Azande lack a “scientific” understanding of the world around them

A  tribe level

B  state level

C  chiefdom level

D  band level

A  the dead long to be reunited with their loved ones, and send illness to cause them to die faster

B  the dead return as hyenas that circle the camps at night, waiting for leftover scraps of food

C  the dead are dependent on the living for sustenance, and the living must make daily food offerings

D  the dead watch over the living and protect them from illness and misfortune

A  Modest and humble behavior

B  Inherited status

C  Successful handling of past conflicts

D  Interpersonal skills, like oratory

A  the elderly

B  women

C  everyone

D  men

A  cattle grazing

B  animal migration

C  changing sources of water

D  trade routes

A  negotiate rights to waterholes

B  maintain goodwill relationships

C  establish alliances for military actions

D  pay the bride price

E  prevent sorcery being used by rival groups

A  an increase in newer techniques of hunting and foraging

B  an increase in hypertension and heart disease

C  an increase in life expectancy

D  an increase in birthrate and a decrease in infant mortality

A  is a lush grassland, allowing the Ju/’hoansi to herd cattle year round

B  provides a wide spectrum of animal and vegetable life for the Ju/’hoansi to eat

C  is barren for most of the year, save for the cooler winter months

D  has rich, fertile soil and a climate that is suited for agriculture

A  state level

B  tribe level

C  band level

D  chiefdom level

A  ebola

B  AIDS

C  tuberculosis

D  heart disease from changed diets

E  malaria

A  An ethnocentric notion about money earned for work that should be done by “other” people–like the Dinka

B  A moral understanding about what is, or is not, appropriate work to do

C  Slang term for money earned by keeping cattle–which, as we all know, defecate all over the place

D  Money earned by cleaning latrines in the towns

A  the young steers that girls are in charge of caring for

B  there is no such term; Dr. Erickson made it up

C  the cattle paid as part of the bride price

D  the cattle paid when a divorce takes place

E  the cattle paid to the in-laws on the birth of a baby girl

A  state level

B  tribe level

C  chiefdom level

D  band level

A  They move to another location, since they don’t practice crop rotation of use fertilizer

B  They fertilize the soil in order to replace lost nutrients, so they can continue to grow food in the same place

C  They have to buy staple foods from other groups such as the Dinka

D  They don’t need to do anything, since they rely solely on their cattle for all of their dietary needs

A  Wild game are scarce where they live, and besides they Nuer are vegetarians

B  They do not have the necessary technology with which to hunt

C  Their cattle provide them with enough meat to suit their dietary needs

D  They do no believe in killing animals for food

A  The local circuit court

B  Games of chance

C  Cooperative communication

D  Fighting in duels

A  True

B  False

A  Agriculture and nomadism

B  Foraging and hunting

C  Fishing and hunting

D  Pastoralism and horticulture

A  True

B  False

A  Azande

B  Ju/’hoansi

C  Kaluli

D  Nuer

E  Baka

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  Kaluli

B  Ju/’hoansi

C  Nuer

D  Azande

E  Baka

A  Nuer

B  Baka

C  Ju/’hoansi

D  Kaluli

E  Azande

A  Malaria epidemics

B  Pasture poisoned by industrial pollution

C  Belief systems that cattle are sacred and thus can’t be kept as herd animals

D  The prevalence of sleeping sickness

E  The legacy of colonial governments

A  Azande and Bambuti peoples

B  Kaluli and Asmat peoples

C  Ju/’hoansi and Nuer peoples

D  Yanomamo and Nenetsi peoples

E  Nuer and Baka peoples

A  multiple wives give a man high ceremonial status as Chief in the Big House

B  women care for the pigs, and the more pigs you have, the more status you have

C  the more wives you have, the more sex you can have

D  women in these cultures are known to collect 80% of the food, thus having multiple wives means you will automatically be a Big Man

E  men without wives are considered outcasts

A  mongongo nuts

B  animals obtained by hunting

C  bananas and breadfruit

D  yams, along with domesticated pigs

A  Men believe male virility can be kept at a high level only through frequent sexual relations with as many women as possible

B  Men look upon women as sexual goddesses, who frequently entice men into cheating on their wives

C  Men have little power, because most New Guinea cultures practice matrilineal marriage; this is why they compensate with Big Man practices, which allows the society to be more gender-balanced

D  Women are scary and have legal power, because village law states they may kill their husbands while they are asleep if they can document abuse

E  Men often believe women are polluting and scary, and they can steal a man’s power through sexual intercourse

A  It is known for the lack of variety of vegetation, having little other than palm trees and mangrove swamps

B  It has densely populated high valleys in the central mountain ranges, unknown by outsiders until the early 20th century

C  It frequently suffers from droughts due to the influence of the ITCZ on weather patterns

D  It is renowned among collectors for its many large mammal species, such as elephants and rhinos

A  horticulturalist

B  pastoralist

C  intensive agriculturalist

D  hunter-gatherer

A  polygyny

B  same-sex marriage

C  polyamory or group marriage

D  polyandry

A  the man who is the tallest and most muscular

B  “Big Man” is a title given to New Guinea kings, a position that is hereditary

C  the man who is a chief, who has complete control over his people

D  the man who is the most persuasive and the best talker

A  Because the Asmat viewed their environment as such a frightening place, they are actually grateful to the loggers for cutting down the “headhunter” trees

B  Sadly, work is no longer meaningful and important because it isn’t done for the sake of ritual anymore

C  All of these answers are correct

D  The “white people” always try to impose their bad habits on the Asmat, like smoking cigarettes–which Asmat men almost universally find disgusting

A  True

B  False

A  Milk and milk products–like most cattle herders, the Asmat rarely killed their animals for food

B  Sago palm starch–squeezed from palm tree cores

C  Yams and pigs–like all indigenous groups in New Guinea

D  Starchy root products like plantains and taro–grown in their garden

E  Pig meat–the Asmat were almost totally meat eaters, since they believed plants were sacred

A  mostly mud, water and trees

B  mostly desert

C  mostly cloud forest

D  mostly a jumble of limestone covered with shrubs

E  mostly mountains

A  put a curse on white people, and hopefully drive them away

B  make sure that, through headhunting, male virility was kept at a high level

C  prevent evil spirits from entering the sacred forest

D  purify men before they engaged in the very dangerous activity of collecting honey from extremely tall trees

E  send the dead on their way to the next world [the afterlife] with honor

A  sacred yet scary; it was full of all kinds of spirits

B  beautiful and peaceful; the Asmat were nature lovers like the Kaluli

C  very frightening; that’s why no one ever went into the forest, for any reason

D  of little consequence; they had no particular feelings about it–it was just “there”

A  The Kaluli have headmen or “big men” who increase their political status through generosity

B  The Kaluli are highly egalitarian and lack methods of enhancing individual wealth

C  The Kaluli do not depend on kinship to organize socio-political relationships

D  The Kaluli utilize reciprocal gift giving as a fundamental dimension of social life

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  They sit silently, showing respect for the performance.

B  They offer the performers women for marriage

C  They give the performers gifts of pigs and sago

D  They burn the performers with resin torches on their backs and necks

A  If a person’s “shadow” comes to harm, so will they

B  If a person dies, their “shadow” disappears along with their body

C  The “shadow” is trapped within the body of its counterpart

D  The “shadow” is less real than the person is

A  social to individual

B  maleness to femaleness

C  cultural to natural

D  softness to hardness

A  Men are assumed to be powerful sexually, and to take many wives from among their enemies.

B  Men are expected to be quiet and stoic.

C  It is appropriate for men to be very demanding, and even have a tantrum.

D  Men are expected to show humility to all.

E  Men should strive to become a Big Man by the time they’re married and have begun to have children.

A  Brag about their good fortune by speaking gesema

B  Soften

C  Avoid interactions with siblings

D  Acquire the proper sex roles