Final Examination

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Question #1

Which Soviet leader inaugurated policies known as glasnost (political openness) and perestroika (economic reform) while working alongside Ronald Reagan to improve Cold War relations?

A Konstantin Chernenko

B Mikhail Gorbachev

C Andrei Gromyko

D Leonid Brezhnev

Question #2

Three months after his trip to Beijing, Nixon became the first Cold War American president to do what?

A Sign into law limiting Social Security benefits

B Open Trade talks with Mongolia

C Publicly endorse military force against the Soviet Union

D Visit the Soviet Union

Question #3

In 1968, a “backlash” within the Democratic voters against both black assertiveness and antiwar demonstrations helped to propel who into the White House?

A Richard Nixon

B Teddy Kennedy

C Ronald Reagan

D John F. Kennedy

Question #4

What 1963 publication by Betty Friedan reawakened feminist consciousness?

A The Problem That Has No Name

B Feminism Reawakened

C The Feminine Mystique

D Women of the 60’s

Question #5

What was the Gulf of Tonkin resolution?

A U.N resolution seeking peace in Southeast Asia

B A peace resolution between the U.S. and Vietnam

C Congressional blank check for Vietnam War

D Chinese-Vietnamese military alliance

Question #6

Who was the intellectual founder of Black Power?

A Malcolm X

B W.E.B. Du Bois

C Thurgood Marshall

D Booker T. Washington

Question #7

Five days after Kennedy’s assassination, Lyndon B. Johnson called on Congress to pass the last major bill JFK was working on. This would be to solidify his legacy. This major piece of legislation, which was passed in 1964, was called?

A Hart-Celler Act

B Civil Rights Act

C Voting Rights Act

D Equality Act

Question #8

Who was the assassin of John F. Kennedy?

A Lee Harvey Oswald

B James Earl Ray

C John Wilkes Booth

D Leon Czolgosz

Question #9

1963 is seen as a high point for the civil rights movement as 250,000 African Americans and white Americans covered on the nation’s capital in a peaceful demonstration. This large demonstration toward the capital was?

A March for Equality

B March on Washington

C MLK’s Mighty March

D Washington D.C. Protest March

Question #10

While serving a nine-day jail sentence after being arrested for peaceful resistance in Birmingham, Martin Luther King Jr. wrote an eloquent plea for racial justice.
This writing was known as?

A Letter from Birmingham Jail

B Birmingham Prayers

C Luther’s Letters to the Man

D Luther’s Plea

Question #11

Sparked by Rosa Parks’s arrest on December 1, 1955, for refusing to surrender her seat to a white passenger, a successful year-long boycott protesting segregation on city buses; led by the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. What was this protest called?

A Atlanta bus boycott

B Montgomery bus boycott

C Nashville bus boycott

D Washington D.C. bus boycott

Question #12

What was considered the “Third World?”

A Developing countries who rejected all current institutions. They sought complete revolution for a new system.

B Developing countries who had chosen the Soviet Union in the Cold War.

C Developing countries aligned with neither of the two Cold War powers. Wanted to find their own model of development.

D Developing countries who had clearly chosen the U.S. in the Cold War.

Question #13

Which Russian leader called for a “peaceful coexistence” with the United States and wanted to ease the Cold War tensions in his 1956 speech?

A Georgy Malenkov

B Konstantin Chernenko

C Nikita Khrushchev

D Leonid Brezhnev

Question #14

What was the “forgotten man” image that the Republican Party championed and campaigned with in the 1950s?

A The midwestern farmer who had lost all of his land during the Dust Bowl and sought compensation from the federal government.

B The African American communities that were seeking help in equality, employment, and fair treatment.

C The New England fishing port cities who saw their political voices stifled by their crippled economy, which meant less political influence.

D The hardworking citizen burdened by heavy taxation and unresponsive government bureaucracies.

Question #15

Which WWII veteran U.S. Senate candidate won the 1950 election by running on a vigorous anticommunism campaign? He also suggested that his opponents had communist sympathies.

A Robert A. Taft

B Teddy Kennedy

C Richard Nixon

D Ronald Reagan

Question #16

What was Dwight D. Eisenhower’s nickname?

A The Hammer

B Ike

C Howard

D Mike

Question #17

This phrase was placed on all new U.S. currency as of 1954 as a response to the Cold War and other factors.

A In God We Trust

B Union Conservatorium

C Federal Reserve Note

D Established in 1776

Question #18

Often called LULAC, an organization that challenged restrictive housing, employment discrimination, and other inequalities faced by Latino Americans. What does the acronym stand for?

A League of United Latinos and Chicanos

B League of Undocumented Latinos and Chicanos

C League of United Latin American Citizens

D Latinos Uniting League and Chicano Power

Question #19

During the Kennedy and Nixon presidential debate, what was one crucial aspect that allowed for Kennedy to seem more popular and favorable to the American public?

A Nixon’s Vietnam War

B Rise of Liberalism

C Television Availability

D Kennedy’s Rhetoric

Question #20

This doctrine of military strategy and national security was a policy created in case a full-scale nuclear response was needed. Due to the absurd results of such a nuclear war, it has been named appropriately.

A Mutually Assured Destruction

B Nuclear Winter War

C Total Annihilation Policy

D Nuclear Cold War

Question #21

This was a rising concern within the United States that president Eisenhower warned about during his 1961 farewell address. What was this major concern he warned Americans about?

A 1970’s Deep Recession

B Gerrymandering

C Military-Industrial Complex

D Congressional Gridlock

Question #22

These individuals were born following WWII and led to the greatest demographic “bubble” in American history. What were they called?

A Baby Boomers

B Generation X

C Generation Y

D Hippy Babies

Question #23

This military alliance was founded in 1949 by ten western European nations who were determined to deter Soviet expansion in Europe. What was this famous alliance called? It is still in action today.

A SALT

B NAFTA

C STAR

D NATO

Question #24

Which of these nations was NOT given permanent status within the United Nations?

A Germany

B China

C France

D Britain

Question #25

What was the nickname given to FDR, Stalin, and Churchill when they would meet and strategize about the war?

A Big Three

B Continental Three

C Mighty Trio

D West East Alliance

Question #26

What was the name of the famous beach that allied troops landed on in Normandy that opened up the western front to fight Hitler’s forces?

A Alpine Beach

B Omaha Beach

C Norman Beach

D Nevada Beach

Question #27

What was Nazi Germany’s codename for their proposed aerial bombing of Great Britain during WWII?

A Operation Sea Lion

B Operation Torch

C Operation Barbarossa

D Operation Atlantic

Question #28

This event was staged by the Japanese military as a pretext to enter northeastern China’s territory known as Manchuria. League of Nations members would later investigate and find this narrative false. What was the name of this staged event?

A Beijing Bombing

B Japanese Railroad Scandal

C Manchurian Incident

D The Imperial Incident

Question #29

This famous painter portrayed the four American values with his artwork during Roosevelt’s time in WWII. His paintings have become emblematic of the era. His name was?

A Joan Mitchell

B Norman Rockwell

C John Altoon

D Joseph Glasco

Question #30

What was the name of Bill Clinton’s famous agreement with Canada and Mexico? It allowed goods to travel across their borders free of tariffs.

A USMCA

B USCM

C NAFTA

D NATO

Question #31

This Soviet policy, led by Gorbachev, aimed toward economic reform and reconstruction of the Soviet Union. The policy was ultimately unsuccessful and led to the disintegration of the nation.

A Brezhnev Doctrine

B Glasnost

C Chernenko Doctrine

D Perestroika

Question #32

What was the name of the scandal involving sales of arms to Iran in partial exchange for release of hostages in Lebanon, and the use of the arms money to aid the Contras in Nicaragua, which was expressly forbidden by Congress?

A Contra Arms Affair

B Iran-Sandanista Affair

C Nicaraguan Affair

D Iran-Contras Affair

Question #33

What Republican-led economic theory proposed that taxes on businesses and the wealthy in society should be reduced as a means to stimulate business investment in the short term and benefit society at large in the long term?

A The Free Market

B The Invisible Hand

C Trickle Down Economics

D Laissez Faire

Question #34

What was the name of this strongly-believed rightward turn of American politics in the mid to late 1900’s? It stemmed from a U.S. President advocating for individual freedom, fewer taxes, religious conservatism, and a stronger military to stand against the evil empire.

A Bush’s Revolution

B Carter’s Revolution

C Reagan’s Revolution

D Nixon’s Revolution

Question #35

What was the leaked information to the press by former official Daniel Ellsberg called? It revealed how successive presidents had misled the American public about the involvement with Vietnam from WWII to the Vietnam War.

A Pentagon Papers

B Nixon Papers

C Washington Papers

D Ellsberg Papers

Question #36

What was the name of the talks between President Nixon and Secretary Brezhnev, resulting in limiting the quantity of nuclear warheads?

A LTBT

B STAR

C MAD

D SALT

Question #37

This law passed after the Montgomery March, which authorized federal protection to the right to vote and permitted federal enforcement of minority voting rights in individual counties, mostly in the South.

A The Toll Booth Act

B Privacy Act of 1967

C Voting Rights Act

D Equal Voting Act

Question #38

This landmark law outlawed discrimination in public accommodations and employment.

A Desegregation Act

B Equality Act

C Equal Freedoms Act

D Civil Rights Act

Question #39

What was the name of the secretive military mission in which the CIA, hoping to inspire a revolt against Fidel Castro, sent 1,500 Cuban exiles to invade their homeland on April 17, 1961? This mission proved to be a disaster.

A Operation Barbarossa

B Contra Affair

C Cuban Affair

D Bay of Pigs

Question #40

What was the name of the civil rights demonstration on August 28, 1963, where the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. gave his “I Have a Dream” speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial?

A March on Montgomery

B March on Washington

C March for Equality

D March for Freedom

Question #41

These were demonstrative bus journeys challenging racial segregation in the South in 1961. They were sometimes met with violence, hate, and Molotov cocktails.

A Freedom Rides

B Equality Rides

C Deep South Rides

D MLK Rides

Question #42

This landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court was where the Court ruled that American state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools were unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.

A Brown v. Board of Education

B Roe v. Wade

C Plessy v. Ferguson

D Dred Scott v. Sandford

Question #43

What was the name of the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth; launched October 4, 1957, by the Soviet Union?

A Kosmos

B Sputnik

C Mars I

D Astron

Question #44

This WWII’s Red Scare, one man’s vision became so influential that he began to stoke fears of communists being entrenched in U.S. government positions, society, and the military. This fear was called?

A McCarthyism

B Hooverism

C Goldberg’s Rally

D Johnson’s Rally

Question #45

This was a military alliance of communist nations in eastern Europe established by the Soviet Union as a response to the creation of NATO.

A The USSR Plan

B Gorbachev’s Pact

C Warsaw Pact

D Soviet Alliance

Question #46

This U.S. program called for the reconstruction of post-World War II Europe through massive financial aid for former enemy nations as well as allies.

A Eisenhower’s Plan

B Europe Aid Bill

C Reconstruction Program

D Marshall Plan

Question #47

This was an overarching U.S. strategy in the Cold War that called for limiting Soviet expansion throughout the world.

A Containment Policy

B Red Scare

C Monroe Doctrine

D Domino Theory

Question #48

This doctrine announced in 1947 that the S. would support European countries, particularly Greece and Turkey threatened by communism, to keep their pro-capitalistic societies and not consider a communistic one.

A Truman Doctrine

B The American Doctrine

C Eisenhower Doctrine

D FDR’s Doctrine

Question #49

This name was coined by Winston Churchill to describe the Cold War divide between western Europe and the Soviet Union’s eastern European satellites.

A Fog of War

B Berlin Wall

C Iron Curtain

D NATO

Question #50

This legal migrant program permitted Mexican laborers to work nationwide on railroads and other industries for an allotted amount of time.

A Work Abroad Program

B Bracero Program

C Legal Work Program

D Railroad Program

Question #51

This was a secret American program during WWII to develop an atomic bomb.

A Nuclear Weapons Program

B Manhattan Project

C MAD

D SALT

Question #52

This strategy was initiated by British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. It was a policy in the 1930s of allowing Hitler to expand German territory unchecked in hopes of preventing another world war.

A London Accords

B Appeasement

C Paris Initiative of 1933

D The German Policy

Question #53

This peace treaty brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers in 1918. However, also imposed HEAVY penalties on Germany.

A Treaty of London

B Treaty of Milan

C Treaty of Tokyo

D Treaty of Versailles

Question #54

This policy was proclaimed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in his first inaugural address in 1933 that sought improved diplomatic relations between the U.S. and its Latin American neighbors.

A Latin American Policy

B Good Neighbor Policy

C Western Hemisphere Policy

D North American Policy

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