Midterm Exam 1

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Question #1

With the rise of robber barons and big business, the incoming Gilded Age started to come into existence. With robber barons and other businessmen attaining vast sums of wealth, what new economic dilemma was caused within the United States?

A Agricultural exploitation

B Constitutional mistreatment

C Racial injustice

D Income inequality

Question #2

As many migrants came to the United States from across the Atlantic on ships, they began to enter through Ellis island to begin the immigration process. As they approached the shores of America, what monument stood before them that symbolized “America?”

A Lincoln Memorial

B Washington D.C. Monument

C Empire State Building

D Statue of Liberty

Question #3

What was the “Great Migration” within the African American community?

A Millions leaving the South in search of new opportunities

B Large migration waves from the Caribbean to the coast of Florida

C Large migration waves from the United States to Canada, citing better social and legal systems

D Millions leaving the Mid-West prairies to the South to be closer to family and established businesses

Question #4

This famous Act banned all combinations and practices that restrained free trade. It ended up banning monopolies, vertical integration, horizontal integration, behind-closed doors trusts, etc. What was this famous legislation called?

A Anti-Trust Act

B Civil Service Act

C Anti-Monopoly Act

D Sherman Antitrust Act

Question #5

This party boss leader was a Democratic Party political machine politician who exerted incredible influence within his New York district. He gave jobs to many, gained loyalty/voter support, reached many political positions, stole vast sums of money from building projects, died in jail for corruption charges. It is reported he stole anywhere between $45-200 million in his day and age. What was this party boss leader’s name?

A Richard J. Daley

B Jefferson Randolph “Soapy” Smith

C Charles Brayton

D “Boss” William M. Tweed

Question #6

What does the acronym AT&T stand for?

A American Technology and Telecommunication Company

B American Telecommunication and Telephone Company

C American Telegraph and Telephone Company

D American Telephone and Telegraph Company

Question #7

This Scottish-born American inventor, scientist, and engineer who is credited with inventing and patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company in 1885. Who was he?

A George Westinghouse

B Alexander Graham Bell

C Nikola Tesla

D Thomas Edison

Question #8

During the 1840s and onward, this “mythical” piece of land on the west coast was regarded as a God-send for farmers. Tales of dense forests, plenty of rainfall, and mild winters, and pleasant summers had numerous migrants cross the mid-West and Sierra Nevada mountains in search of it. Many perished in the pursuit. What was this land and journey called?

A Washington Trail

B Sierra Trail

C Montana Trail

D Oregon Trail

Question #9

During the turn of the century, industrialization began to create various issues in major bustling cities. In Jacob Riis’s publication How the Other Half Lives, what message was he trying to convey to his readers?

A Comparing Chicago and New York City, a tale of Two Cities with new versus old mentalities

B New York’s working poor and their slum living conditions

C The lavish lifestyle of Robber Barons

D Discussing U.S. senators’ lifestyles compared to the average working American

Question #10

The total power and wealth held by Carnegie Steel, J.P. Morgan Investing, and Rockefeller Oil earned a nickname. What was their collective nickname?

A The Big Three

B Fearsome Three

C Wealthy Three

D Giant Three

Question #11

This business owner was an American business magnate who built his wealth in railroads and shipping. After working with his father’s business, he worked his way into leadership positions in the inland water trade and invested in the rapidly growing railroad industry. Who was he?

A John Rockefeller

B Chase Morgan

C Cornelius Vanderbilt

D Andrew Carnegie

Question #12

As the “Great Migration” began to take hold across major U.S. cities, what discriminatory real-estate tactic was utilized to section different people into various parts of the city based on their skin color, ethnicity, and/or country of origin?

A Redlining

B Specialized districting

C Bluelining

D Racial city planning

Question #13

This nickname was given to many Chinese men who came to the United States in search of work. They worked hard on various projects, including railroads, mining, and construction. What was their group’s nickname by the west coast locals?

A Wandering Chinese

B Chinese Bachelors

C Great Chinese Miners

D Bachelor’s Society

Question #14

This book was published in a series of American children’s novels written by Laura Ingalls Wilder, based on her childhood and adolescence in the American Midwest between 1870 and 1894. Eight of the novels were completed by Wilder, and published by Harper & Brothers. What was this book called?

A Old Yeller

B The Great Life

C Little House on the Prairie

D Little House in the Rockies

Question #15

Out of all the Native American tribes, arguably the Cherokee Nation came the closest to assimilationist goals during Westward Expansion. After building schools, roads, creating alphabets, converting to Christianity, and more, they were still not deemed “American” enough by the powers in charge. What “experimental” term was their assimilation attempt remembered as?

A Assimilationist Experiment

B Cultural Experiment

C Great Nation Experiment

D Great Cherokee Experiment

Question #16

In Andrew Carnegie’s Gospel of Wealth, he wrote what successful entrepreneurs should do with their enormous wealth at the end of their lives. What was his personal opinion on vastly wealthy individuals doing with their money at the end of their careers and life?

A Invest the money to build even more wealth

B Give back to charity and the people, with lasting institutions

C Buy out the competition to prosper more wealth for generations

D Keep the money within the family for generations

Question #17

The almost complete eradication of this animal led to the economic collapse of many Native American tribes in the Great Plains. What was this animal group?

A Mountain Lions

B Prairie Dogs

C Deer

D Buffalo

Question #18

This 1758 compromise, written by Emmerich Von Vattel, Proclaimed the “superior use” policy where Europeans held better claim to land because they were politically centralized and economically developed, could make better used of it than Native Americans. What was this policy called?

A Law of Nations

B Superior Use Clause

C Law of Conquest

D Colonization Clause

Question #19

John Gast’s famous painting in 1872 has become the archetypical example of Manifest Destiny. What is his very famous painting called?

A American Progress

B Westward Expansion

C Manifest Destiny

D Great American Push

Question #20

John D. Rockefeller was associated with which of the following main business ventures?

A Oil

B Agriculture

C Railroads

D Steel

Question #21

This theory, developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin and others, stated that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual’s ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. What theory was this?

A Naturalism

B Social Evolution

C Biological Selection

D Darwinism

Question #22

What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830 nicknamed by many?

A Trail of Tears

B The Great Migration

C The Great Walk

D Trail of Misery

Question #23

During the 19th century, Chinese migrants in the many thousands came to the West Coast of the United States in search of work and a better life, since mainland China was undergoing hardships. In this pursuit, they were utilized as migrant workers for building important infrastructure. What projects were they mainly associated with during this time?

A Sewer construction

B Railroad construction

C Dam construction

D City construction

Question #24

This U.S. general was catapulted into stardom after the completion of the Civil War. He sat down with Robert E. Lee to sign the surrender. Due to his prominent war-hero status, he later won the presidential election of 1868. Who was he?

A Andrew Jackson

B George B. McClellan

C Jacob Brown

D Ulysses S. Grant

Question #25

This famous African American individual was an escaped slave, social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. He stated: “Slavery is not abolished until the black man has the ballot.” He eventually stood in front of a lecture hall after successfully giving his first oration speech, and the university professor proclaimed him to be “a man.” Who was this individual?

A W.E.B. Du Bois

B Frederick Douglass

C Marcus Garvey

D Booker T. Washington

Question #26

During the American Civil War between 1861-1865, what was the name of the rebellious southern territory that began their own new nation?

A New South

B Southern Union

C Confederacy

D The Great Confederacy

Question #27

Who was the vice president who inherited the office after Abraham Lincoln’s assassination? This individual was also responsible for overseeing Reconstruction.

A Andrew Jackson

B James Monroe

C Lyndon B. Johnson

D Andrew Johnson

Question #28

During the Second Industrial Revolution in the early 20th century, there was a massive migration movement domestically in the U.S. Primarily in relation to geographic socio-economic discussions, where did people move to in order to find more opportunities for work/life/education?

A Mid-west plains and northeast fishing settlements

B Agricultural rural to urban cities

C Urban cities to agricultural rural

D Western open lands to northern Canadian lands

Question #29

This vocabulary term describes a social theory that evolution was a natural process in human society as well as in nature, meaning that some individuals in society are inherently superior/more intelligent/better suited toward a better life than others. What is this term?

A Social Darwinism

B Racism

C Eugenics

D Natural Selection

Question #30

This vocabulary term describes a nickname given to the era between 1870-1890 from the title of a Mark Twain novel. Its meaning implies something is covered in a layer of gold but masks a deceivingly hollow and little-value core. What is this term?

A Gilded Age

B Golden Age

C Silver Age

D Brilliant Age

Question #31

This vocabulary term describes a business that is the only provider of a good or service, giving it a tremendous competitive advantage over any other company that tries to provide a similar product or service.

A Corporation

B Trust

C Vertical Integration

D Monopoly

Question #32

This vocabulary term describes an editor who coined the term “Manifest Destiny” in 1845. He wrote in the United States Magazine and Democratic Review. What was his name?

A Susan E. Dickinson

B John O’Sullivan

C Richard Harding Davis

Question #33

This vocabulary term describes the idea that God had endowed the United States with the right to expand territorially from the Atlantic to the Pacific and to displace those currently occupying the landscape. What is this term?

A Westward Expansion

B Divine Destiny

C Great Expansion

D Manifest Destiny

Question #34

This American president was the first to be impeached by Congress. Which U.S. president holds this title?

A Andrew Jackson

B Andrew Johnson

C Rutherford B. Hayes

D Ulysses S. Grant

Question #35

This vocabulary term describes a Native American leader who grew famous for his victory during the Battle of Little Bighorn. This battle was also known as Custer’s Last Stand to some. He then traveled with Buffalo Bill around the nation in an acting troupe. What is his name?

A Geronimo

B Crazy Horse

C Tecumseh

D Sitting Bull

Question #36

This vocabulary term describes an amendment of the U.S. Constitution. It states: “All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.” Which amendment is this?

A Fifteenth Amendment

B Fourteenth Amendment

C Thirteenth Amendment

D Twelfth Amendment

Question #37

This vocabulary term describes a solution to count three out of five slaves in population figures for seats in Congress. What is this term?

A House Seats Compromise

B Voting Act

C Three-Fifths Compromise

D Congressional Seats Act

Question #38

This vocabulary term describes the rebuilding of a shattered nation where the North and South would seek to redefine the meaning and boundaries of American freedom. What is this term?

A Union Building

B National Healing

C The Roaring Twenties

D Reconstruction

Question #39

In 1845, this state was annexed into the United States, broadening the irrepressible differences in the United States over the issue of slavery and setting off the Mexican-American War. What state was this?

A Texas

B California

C Utah

D New Mexico

Question #40

Since President Johnson was more sympathetic to the South after the Civil War than most wanted him to be, what Shakespearean play villain was he accredited to in various posters and publication material?

A Caliban from The Tempest

B Claudius from Hamlet

C Lady Macbeth from Macbeth

D Iago from Othello

Question #41

During the years preceding the Civil War, this landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Constitution of the United States was NOT meant to include American citizenship to all peoples, in this case including African Americans.

A Dred Scott v. Sandford

B Gibbons v. Ogden

C Marbury v. Madison

D Schenck v. United States

Question #42

This vocabulary term describes a federal government act that promised 160 acres of free land to settlers pushing westward. What is this term?

A Holmes Act of 1862

B Land Lease Act of 1862

C Homestead Act of 1862

D Allotment Act of 1862

Question #43

This vocabulary term describes incredibly wealthy tycoons who wielded power within their own company and industry without any accountability within an unregulated marketplace. What is this term?

A Rollin’ Robbers

B Men of Industry

C Robber Barons

D The Wealthy Five

Question #44

This vocabulary term describes legal devices whereby the affairs of several rival companies were managed by a single director. What is this term?

A Conglomerates

B Trusts

C Monopolies

D Corporations

Question #45

During Westward Expansion, which directly resulted in negative impacts to Native American communities, what 1848-1849 discovery pushed them out of western lands once again?

A Dakota Gold Reserves

B California Gold Rush

C Oil Reserves in Utah

D Oregon Silver Mines

Question #46

This vocabulary term describes laws passed by Southern states to restrict African-Americans’ freedom, and to compel them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. What is this term?

A Indentured Codes

B Servant Codes

C Black Codes

D Rural Codes

Question #47

This vocabulary term describes a 19-20th century secret fraternal group (although still in existence today) held to confine its membership to American-born white Christians, advocating white supremacist, and initiating in terrorist tactics to instill fear into their enemy groups. What is this term?

A Ku Klux Klan

B The Great Klan

C Order of St. Michael

D Order of the Brotherhood

Question #48

This vocabulary term describes a tenant farmer on cultivated land giving a part of each crop as rent.

A Sharecropping

B Land Renting

C Land Lease

D Cash Crops

Question #49

This vocabulary term describes an agency established by Congress in March 1865. It was an attempt to establish an arbitration system in the South, allow for federal agents to have power over judicial disagreements, and act as overall “peacekeepers.” What is this term?

A Freedmen’s Bureau

B Education Bureau

C Peace Bureau

D Arbitration Bureau

Question #50

This 1823 doctrine stated that no European nation shall interfere in the Western Hemisphere. Began U.S. dominance in the world, especially against European powers. This doctrine was called?

A MacArthur Doctrine

B Monroe Doctrine

C Roosevelt Doctrine

D Johnson Doctrine

Question #51

When the robber barons attempted to dominate their markets, they invented a new system within the world of business. What is it called when someone buys out their competitors, thereby establishing a monopoly in your specific field?

A Horizontal Integration

B Mergers

C Vertical Integration

D Trusts

Question #52

After the Civil War ended, President Johnson offered amnesty to all ex-Confederates who did which of the following? It was not the most rigorous of requirements, showing Johnson’s appeal to the South.

A Sale of plantations to rebuild the South

B Oath of allegiance to the Union

C Contractual obligation toward Reconstruction

D Financial support of the Union

Question #53

The American railroads brought about which nineteenth-century innovation?

A President’s Day

B 8-hour working day

C Time Zones

D The Carnegie Railroad Method

Question #54

The Enforcement Acts of 1870-1871 were passed by Congress and enforced by President Grant to do the following:

A Eliminate all domestic terrorist threats, namely the KKK

B Eliminate all remaining prejudice against African Americans

C Enforce trading agreements with other nations

D Enforce that the South rejoins the Union

Question #55

In 1865 Congress created an agency called the Freedmen’s Bureau. What was their main goal?

A Settle disputes and act as peacekeepers throughout the North & South

B A private militia comprised of Northmen to spy against British invasion

C Help runaway slaves from the South find meaningful work and lives

D An African American brigade that worked for the U.S. government in espionage

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