Mastery EAQ Ch. 32

A  High levels of endogenous insulin

B  Presence of ketones in the serum

C  Increased weight

D  Extreme hypoglycemia

A  Glulisine, Regular insulin, Glargine

B  Glargine, Regular insulin, Aspart

C  Glargine, Lispro, Regular insulin

D  Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine

A  Ketones in the urine, Isotonic dehydration, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

B  Ketones in the urine, Severe hypothermia, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

C  Ketones in the urine, Isotonic dehydration, Severe hypothermia, Extreme hyperglycemia

D  Severe hypothermia, Isotonic dehydration, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

A  Stimulation of pancreatic insulin release

B  Increased sensitivity of insulin receptor sites

C  Delayed absorption of carbohydrates from the intestines

D  Adverse effects if combined with other antidiabetic agents

A  Inform the patient to take the medication 30 minutes before a meal.

B  Immediately check the patient’s blood glucose level.

C  Inform the patient to take the medication 15 minutes after a meal.

D  Immediately call the health care provider.

A  “You are unable to store glucose because you do not have insulin, and sulfonylurea helps with glucose storage.”

B  “Sulfonylurea will lower your blood sugar too much, and you will be hypoglycemic.”

C  “Sulfonylurea increases beta-cell stimulation to secrete insulin, and your beta cells do not contain insulin.”

D  “You must be mistaken. If your friend has diabetes mellitus, she is taking insulin.”

A  “It stimulates the pancreas to reabsorb glucose.”

B  “It stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.”

C  “It promotes the passage of glucose into cells for energy.”

D  “It promotes synthesis of amino acids.”

A  A patient with type 2 diabetes who has renal failure

B  A patient with diabetes who takes sulfasalazine for arthritis

C  A patient who is also prescribed sitagliptin

D  A patient with type 1 diabetes at risk for hypoglycemia

A  Notify the prescribing primary health care provider.

B  Give both drugs and check the patient’s blood glucose.

C  Administer both medications simultaneously.

D  Decrease the oral dose of glipizide.

A  Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

B  Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors

C  Sulfonylureas

D  Incretin mimetics

A  Tremor, Coma, Confusion, Irritability

B  Tremor, Sweating, Confusion, Coma

C  Tremor, Sweating, Coma, Irritability

D  Tremor, Sweating, Confusion, Irritability

A  Fluconazole

B  Carbamazepine

C  Phenytoin

D  Rifampin

A  Decreased blood glucose levels

B  Increased blood glucose levels

C  Lactic acidosis

D  Increased metformin effects

A  High serum sodium level, Serum osmolality of 380 mOsm/kg, Serum glucose level over 600 mg/dL

B  Serum glucose level over 600 mg/dL, Low pH, Low serum HCO3 level

C  Low pH, Serum osmolality of 380 mOsm/kg, Low serum HCO3 level

D  Low pH, Low serum HCO3 level, High serum sodium level

A  Monitor the patient’s fasting serum glucose level.
Shake the drug vial gently for some time.
Identify the intramuscular injection site.

B  Identify the intramuscular injection site.
Verify that insulin syringes are used.
Shake the drug vial gently for some time.

C  Identify the intramuscular injection site.
Shake the drug vial gently for some time.
Rotate the injection locations every week.

D  Verify that insulin syringes are used.
Rotate the injection locations every week.
Monitor the patient’s fasting serum glucose level.

A  Acarbose

B  Pramlintide

C  Exenatide

D  Sitagliptin

A  Liraglutide

B  Exenatide

C  Insulin

D  Glucagon

A  Muscle pain, Abdominal pain, Cold, clammy skin

B  Diarrhea, Bloating, Cold, clammy skin

C  Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Bloating

D  Bloating, Diarrhea, Muscle pain

A  Administer the insulin via IV pump.

B  Assess for hyperglycemia by 10:00 a.m.

C  Monitor fingerstick at 2:00 p.m.

D  Make sure patient eats by 5:00 p.m.

A  “Skip the dose when you skip a meal.”

B  “Take a dose before bedtime every night.”

C  “You need to change your eating habits.”

D  “You need to eat three to four meals every day.”

A  Regular insulin

B  Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin

C  Insulin lispro

D  Insulin glargine

A  Assess blood glucose levels before administering insulin.

B  Assess the patient’s weight before administering the drug.

C  Consult the primary health care provider before administering acarbose.

D  Ask the patient about allergic reactions to any drugs.

A  Reduce the needed pramlintide dose by 50%.

B  Reduce the needed insulin dose by 50%.

C  Give insulin an hour after administering pramlintide.

D  Obtain a new prescription to change the medication.

A  Arterial blood pH 7.4

B  Alanine aminotransferase 55 U/L

C  Fasting blood glucose 131 mg/dL

D  Creatinine clearance 1.8 mg/dL

A  Second-generation sulfonylureas

B  Lack of sleep at night

C  Poor glycemic control of blood sugars

D  Large weight gain

A  Insulin therapy is initiated when other methods have failed.

B  It is not generally prescribed for patients with obesity.

C  Insulin therapy may cause heart failure to develop.

D  It is ineffective without initial oral drug therapy.

A  “Decrease the amount of carbohydrates in your diet.”
“Include rest periods between physical activities.”
“Restrict sodium in your diet.”

B  “Incorporate daily physical exercise into your life.”
“Restrict sodium in your diet.”
“Include rest periods between physical activities.”

C  “Reduce the amount of alcohol you consume.”
“Incorporate daily physical exercise into your life.”
“Decrease the amount of carbohydrates in your diet.”

D  “Restrict sodium in your diet.”
“Reduce the amount of alcohol you consume.”
“Include rest periods between physical activities.”

A  A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is taking glipizide

B  A breastfeeding mother who is at high risk for developing diabetes mellitus

C  A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who takes metformin

D  A 2-year-old child who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus

A  10:00 a.m.

B  8:00 p.m.

C  2:00 p.m.

D  5:00 p.m.

A  “You should report any nausea immediately.”

B  “You will have a decreased risk of lactic acidosis.”

C  “You should take the medication with food.”

D  “If you miss a meal, you should skip the dose.”

A  “You can take the medication an hour after the test.”

B  “There are chances of renal failure after the test.”

C  “Your blood glucose levels need to be reevaluated.”

D  “Do not take your metformin on the day of the test.”

A  Cholesterol level

B  Renal function

C  Edema

D  Weight gain

A  Insulin, Glucagon

B  Glycogen, Dextrose

C  Ketones, Dextrose

D  Ketones, Glycogen

A  “I will report symptoms of fatigue and loss of appetite.”

B  “I will take the medication only when I need it.”

C  “I will monitor my blood sugar daily.”

D  “I will limit my alcohol consumption.”

A  Nateglinide, Glipizide

B  Miglitol, Acarbose

C  Glipizide, Pioglitazone

D  Nateglinide, Pioglitazone

A  Glipizide

B  Glimepiride

C  Metformin

D  Humalog insulin

A  Insulin detemir

B  Insulin glulisine

C  Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin

D  Insulin glargine

A  Pioglitazone

B  Glimepiride

C  Troglitazone

D  Rosiglitazone

A  “You cannot mix this insulin in the same syringe with regular insulin.”

B  “The duration of action of this insulin is about 8 to 10 hours.”

C  “You can mix this insulin with lente insulin to enhance its effects.”

D  “This insulin is injected just before meals because it is very fast acting.”

A  Insulin lispro

B  Insulin glulisine

C  Regular insulin

D  Insulin aspart

A  “Discontinue insulin if you are undergoing diagnostic studies.”

B  “You need to obtain your blood glucose levels every hour.”

C  “You should eat 30 to 45 minutes before taking the NPH insulin.”

D  “Unused vials can be stored in the refrigerator for 5 months.”

A  Draw the medication into two separate syringes but inject it into the same spot.

B  Administer these insulins at least 10 minutes apart so that you will know when they are working.

C  Draw up the regular insulin into the syringe first, followed by the cloudy NPH insulin.

D  Use the Z-track method for administration.

A  Have the patient void and dipstick the urine.

B  Perform a fingerstick blood glucose test.

C  Make sure the patient eats breakfast immediately.

D  Flush the IV.

A  “The duration of action for this insulin is approximately 8 to 10 hours, so you will need to take it twice a day.”

B  “You should inject this insulin just before meals, because it is very fast-acting.”

C  “You cannot mix this insulin with any other insulin in the same syringe.”

D  “You can mix this insulin with NPH insulin to enhance its effects.”

A  Glyburide, Metformin, Pioglitazone

B  Glipizide, Glyburide, Glimepiride

C  Metformin, Pioglitazone, Glipizide

D  Glimepiride, Metformin, Pioglitazone

A  Insulin glargine

B  Regular insulin

C  Insulin zinc suspension

D  Isophane insulin suspension (NPH insulin)

A  Acute pancreatitis

B  Recurrent headaches

C  Insidious weight gain

D  Extreme hyperglycemia

A  Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus require exogenous insulin.

B  Type 1 diabetes mellitus accounts for 90% of all cases of diabetes.

C  Type 1 diabetes mellitus leads to developing acute hypoglycemia.

D  Endogenous insulin levels are elevated early in the disease.

A  Insulin glargine

B  Regular insulin

C  Insulin aspart

D  Ultralente insulin

A  Thiazolidinediones

B  Glinides

C  Sulfonylureas

D  Biguanides

A  Thiazolidinediones

B  Glinides

C  Biguanides

D  Sulfonylureas

A  Neutral protamin Hagedorn

B  Afrezza

C  Humulin R

D  Lantus

A  Between 6 and 6.4

B  Less than 5.7

C  Between 5.7 and 6

D  Above 6.5

A  Fluconazole

B  Cimetidine

C  Carbamazepine

D  Erythromycin

A  Myocardial infarction

B  Bladder dysfunction

C  Complete blindness

D  Diabetic gastroparesis

A  Stimulates carbohydrate metabolism in adipose tissue

B  Assists in the conversion of glucose into glycogen

C  Initiates the glycogenolysis process

D  Helps to keep the kidney free from glucose

A  Diuretics

B  Salicylates

C  Anabolic steroids

D  Sulfa antibiotics

A  Serum albumin

B  2-Hour postprandial blood glucose

C  Fasting serum glucose level

D  Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C)

A  Levemir

B  Humulin R

C  Afrezza

D  Tresiba

A  Deltoid

B  Gluteus maximus

C  Abdomen

D  Vastus lateralis

A  11:00 a.m.

B  10:00 a.m.

C  9:00 a.m.

D  Noon

A  Renal function

B  The patient’s weight

C  Blood glucose levels

D  Vitamin B12 levels

A  Caused by multifactorial genetic defects

B  Occurs due to autoimmune destruction of beta-cell

C  Treated with oral hypoglycemic

D  Presence of high levels of endogenous insulin