Module 4 Quiz

A  People are not always able to accurately explain their responses.

B  People were giving socially desirable responses and not being honest.

C  Zariah needs to consider the accuracy of flashbulb memories.

D  Zariah was mistaken, and the socks actually did differ in quality.

A  Frequency claims require very large samples, and representative samples are always large.

B  Representative samples allow for enhanced internal and external validity.

C  It is unethical to make frequency claims without representative samples.

D  It is unlikely that the accuracy of estimates can be checked.

A  They may be too easy to answer.

B  They are leading questions.

C  They are too conceptual.

D  They may have poor construct validity.

A  Random sampling is more important than random assignment.

B  They both are necessary for frequency claims.

C  They both mean the same thing.

D  Random assignment is necessary for internal validity, whereas random sampling is necessary for external validity.

A  snowball sample

B  stratified random sample

C  simple random sample

D  systematic sample

A  systematic sample

B  purposive sample

C  convenience sample

D  snowball sample

A  “When was the last time you tweeted/retweeted?”

B  “Have you ever sent a ‘sext’ (a sexually explicit message or photo)?”

C  “Why did you choose your Facebook profile photo?

D  “How often do you shop online?”

A  People are better able to remember vivid memories.

B  The confidence people have in their memories is not strongly related to the accuracy of their memory.

C  People are very good judges of the reasons for their behavior.

D  If people are inaccurate in reporting their reasons for behavior, it is because they are deliberately trying to be deceptive.

A  It requires recording technology, such as video cameras.

B  It is a more reliable and valid method than self-report methodology.

C  It requires a research assistant to be with the participant at all times.

D  It may tell a different story than data collected by self-report questions.

A  Surveys and polls are an accurate way to measure people’s actual behavior.

B  Surveys and polls can efficiently measure people’s subjective feelings.

C  Surveys and polls can support only frequency claims.

D  Surveys and polls utilize only one type of question format.

A  nondifferentiation

B  uniqueness

C  observer bias

D  socially desirable responding

A  Researchers reached out to participants attending Gambler’s Anonymous meetings.

B  Researchers recruited participants from online websites, such as Prolific Academic.

C  Researchers asked international college students to recommend other international students to participate in their study.

D  Researchers oversampled Latinx participants for their study and adjusted their results.

A  a person’s attitude toward their doctor

B  a person’s opinions about a healthcare law

C  a person’s thoughts about whether they prefer Advil or Tylenol

D  a person’s feelings about people diagnosed with cancer

A  “I do not want to have to worry about ethics.”

B  “I want to measure something that people may not know how often they do it.”

C  “I do not want to have to worry about the construct validity of my conceptual variable.”

D  “I want to make a causal claim.”

A  how well it is worded

B  how many response options it has

C  how short it is

D  how many people answer it

A  How many people are in the population?

B  How were the participants measured?

C  How was the sample collected?

D  How many people are in the sample?

A  We are uncertain about the generalizability of the results.

B  The results are incorrect because the study did not use a random sample.

C  We can generalize the results of the study only to Americans with adverse childhood experiences.

D  We can generalize the results of the study to all Americans.

A  We can generalize the results of the study to all Americans.

B  The results are incorrect because the study did not use a random sample.

C  We can generalize the results of the study only to Americans with adverse childhood experiences.

D  We are uncertain about the generalizability of the results.

A  all students in his Introduction to Neuroscience class

B  all psychology majors and minors

C  all students he is currently teaching

D  all students at the university

A  He will be unable to use videotape because he is studying children.

B  He can use the videotapes regardless of whether the adult objects as long as the child agrees.

C  If he uses hidden cameras, he does not need to tell the participants they have been videotaped.

D  He will likely need to get permission to videotape the children prior to doing so.

A  a blind study design.

B  delayed observation.

C  unobtrusive observation.

D  a double-blind study design.

A  test-retest reliability

B  convergent validity

C  interrater reliability

D  face validity

A  stratified random sampling

B  systematic sampling

C  cluster sampling

D  quota sampling

A  cluster sampling

B  stratified random sampling

C  simple random sampling

D  convenience sampling

A  they lead people to respond with a certain viewpoint rather than with their true opinions.

B  they capture people’s ability to understand the question rather than their true opinions.

C  they are unable to capture people’s true opinions because they evoke an emotional response.

D  they are too simple to truly capture people’s true opinions.

A  yea-saying biases.

B  bystander effect.

C  observer bias.

D  faking good.

A  He is concerned that Julian’s participants will use shortcuts.

B  He is concerned that Julian’s results could be affected by question order.

C  He is concerned that Julian has a double-barreled question.

D  He is concerned that Julian’s participants will try to fake good.

A  a study of first-time homeowners

B  a study of high school students

C  a study of people who have been to the doctor in the past year

D  a study of teenagers whose parents are both deployed overseas in the military

A  increased internal validity.

B  collected a sample.

C  conducted a census.

D  biased the study.

A  biased the study.

B  increased internal validity.

C  collected a sample.

D  conducted a census.

A  They slow down readers, making them answer more carefully.

B  They are easier for people to read.

C  They ask each question twice so the participant answers twice.

D  They give people more answer options.

A  Both randomly sample subgroups to be studied.

B  Both result in representative samples.

C  Both identify subgroups that need to be studied.

D  Both result in nonrepresentative samples.

A  “Receiving weekly feedback from your supervisor increases work productivity.”

B  “Having a dark triad personality is associated with having greater relationship problems.”

C  “People who report knowing someone who has been diagnosed with skin cancer also report having greater sunscreen use.”

D  “Forty-three percent of psychology majors report being frustrated by people asking them if they are psychoanalyzing them.”

A  His participants are all the people who have purchased birds at his local pet store in the past six months.

B  He contacts the Twitter followers of Dr. Oiseau, a famous biologist who studies birds.

C  He asks bird owners to give him the names of other bird owners.

D  He recruits bird owners by e-mailing members of the National Bird Owners Association and asking for participants.

A  systematic sample

B  cluster sample

C  multistage sample

D  snowball sample

A  probability value

B  margin of error

C  statistical significance

D  sampling bias

A  The true estimate would increase.

B  External validity would become less important.

C  Statistical validity would become negatively affected.

D  The margin of error would become smaller.

A  using reverse-worded questions

B  using a Likert scale

C  using scales with an even number of response options

D  providing a “no opinion” option

A  “Most Americans believe that there should not be tax cuts. Please rate your opinions about tax cuts on a 1 (Disagree) to 5 (Agree) scale.”

B  “Do you agree that tax cuts are an important issue and there should be tax cuts? Yes or No.”

C  “The government should never raise taxes. Please rate your agreement on a 1 (Disagree) to 7 (Agree) scale.

D  “Please rate your opinions about tax cuts on a 1 (I strongly disagree with tax cuts) to 7 (I strongly agree with tax cuts) scale.”

A  quota sampling

B  stratified random sampling

C  snowball sampling

D  purposive sampling

A  snowball sampling

B  convenience sampling

C  purposive sampling

D  self-selection sampling

A  studying people who are easy to find

B  studying people who are typical

C  studying people who are willing to participate

D  studying people who are colleagues of the researcher

A  observer effects

B  a masked study design

C  observer bias

D  self-report operationalization

A  part; entire

B  people; groups

C  participants; researchers

D  external; internal

A  leading question.

B  double-barreled question.

C  ordered question.

D  negatively worded question.

A  complicated

B  basic

C  ideal

D  unusual