Quiz 8

A  increase in height

B  brittle fingernails

C  loss of memory

D  decrease in weight

A  offering incentives to middle-aged employees to retire early

B  encouraging middle-aged professionals to take up entrepreneurship

C  hiring more middle-aged professionals to supervisory and managerial positions

D  offering incentives to young professionals to outperform middle-aged employees

A  having children.

B  being wealthy.

C  having a stable job.

D  being future-oriented.

A  agreeableness.

B  openness to experience.

C  extraversion.

D  conscientiousness.

A  Studies indicate that techniques such as imagining phone numbers as representing dif­ferent objects around the house are highly inefficient in improving working memory in middle adulthood.

B  Studies indicate that starting in late middle age, less time is needed to learn new information as working memory expands.

C  Decline in working memory in late middle age is due to lack of information stored over the years.

D  Decline in working memory is more likely to occur when individuals do not use effective memory strategies, such as organization and imagery.

A  the jaw and face.

B  the chest and abdomen.

C  the upper arms.

D  the back and legs.

A  A large-scale study found that being overweight or obese in middle age decreases an individual’s risk of dying earlier.

B  Individuals who were obese at age 50 had a 20 to 40 percent higher risk of earlier death, whereas those who were overweight at age 50 had a 100 to 200 percent higher risk of premature death.

C  On average, body fat accounts for about 20 percent or more of body weight in middle age.

D  A recent study revealed that decrease in weight from early adulthood to middle adulthood was linked to an increased risk of major chronic diseases and unhealthy aging.

A  the increase of retirement age to 75 years

B  the increased productive health owing to medical advancements

C  the decline in defined-benefit pensions

D  the increasing opportunity for middle-aged professionals

A  a dramatic decrease in spirituality occurred between late middle and late adulthood.

B  there was no significant change in spirituality from late middle to late adulthood.

C  a significant increase in spirituality occurred between late middle and late adulthood.

D  spirituality peaked in late middle adulthood.

A  insulin

B  adrenaline

C  testosterone

D  estrogen

A  cultural stagnation.

B  biological stagnation.

C  biological generativity.

D  parental generativity.

A  gender differences in adult personality development

B  cultural variations in adult personality development

C  universals of adult personality development

D  individual variations in adult development

A  focal power

B  visual acuity

C  accommodation

D  muscle integrity

A  finances

B  work

C  marriage

D  sex life

A  improving.

B  distant.

C  neutral.

D  close.

A  achieving his independence.

B  forming his dreams.

C  achieving his goals.

D  determining his goals.

A  nurturance or hostility

B  openness to experience

C  intellectual orientation

D  self-confidence

A  Most adults feel that their age identity is five years more than their chronological age.

B  As adults become older, their age identity is younger than their chronological age.

C  The age identity of adults is directly proportional to their chronological age.

D  Most adults feel that their age identity is much older than their chronological age.

A  late adulthood.

B  late midlife.

C  midlife.

D  early adulthood.

A  When assessed cross-sectionally, inductive reasoning increased until toward the end of middle adulthood.

B  People reach a peak in their cognitive functioning for many intellectual skills in early adulthood.

C  When assessed longitudinally, inductive reasoning showed a consistent decline in the middle adulthood years.

D  Decline in intellectual abilities was more likely in the cross-sectional assessments than in the longitudinal assessments.

A  verbal memory

B  perceptual speed

C  inductive reasoning

D  spatial orientation

A  extraversion

B  agreeableness

C  conscientiousness

D  openness to experience

A  inductive reasoning.

B  perceptual speed.

C  spatial orientation.

D  verbal ability.

A  Age related declines occur in some occupations such as air traffic controllers and professional athletes.

B  There is usually little emphasis on work during middle adulthood regardless of the work being full-time, part-time, or volunteer work.

C  The peak of work performance is usually reached in early adulthood and hence the percentage of people working during middle adulthood is the lowest.

D  There are always huge differences in the work performance of young adults and middle-aged adults.

A  agreeableness

B  neuroticism

C  conscientiousness

D  extraversion

A  an aggressive behavior.

B  a fight-or-flight response.

C  a tend-and-befriend pattern.

D  social distancing.