Lecture Exam 4

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Question #1

Sweat glands and arrector pili muscles are controlled

A only by the parasympathetic nervous system.

B by both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems.

C by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

D only by the sympathetic nervous system.

Question #2

Postganglionic axons from the celiac ganglion innervate the

A All of the choices are correct.

B spleen.

C liver.

D gallbladder.

E stomach.

Question #3

Specific prevertebral ganglia are named after the

A distance from the corresponding parasympathetic ganglion.

B effector organ stimulated by the postganglionic axon.

C major abdominal arteries around which they are found.

D vertebra from under which the preganglionic axon travels.

E early anatomist who discovered and described them.

Question #4

A structure that is said to resemble a pearl necklace is a

A parasympathetic ganglion.

B splanchnic ganglion.

C parasympathetic trunk.

D sympathetic trunk.

Question #5

The ANS uses pathways that include two-neuron chains to innervate its effector organs.

A True

B False

Question #6

Dual innervation means that an individual effector

A may be excited or inhibited by a single division of the autonomic nervous system.

B receives input from both the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems.

C receives input from both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems.

D receives two autonomic axons on each smooth muscle cell.

Question #7

The micturition reflex results in

A a decrease in blood pressure due to a slowing of heart rate.

B contraction of smooth muscle in the bladder and relaxation of urinary sphincters.

C vigorous contraction of the smooth muscle of the large intestine and relaxation of anal sphincters.

D retention of urine and feces by relaxing some muscles and contracting others.

Question #8

Parasympathetic activity is responsible for increased smooth muscle motility and secretory activity in digestive tract organs.

A True

B False

Question #9

Which autonomic plexus consists of postganglionic sympathetic axons that come off the cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunk ganglia, as well as preganglionic axons from the vagus nerve?

A Esophageal plexus

B Hypogastric plexus

C Cardiac plexus

D Abdominal aortic plexus

E Pulmonary plexus

Question #10

Paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia are part of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS.

A True

B False

Question #11

The sympathetic division of the ANS has

A norepinephrine as neurotransmitter.

B long postganglionic axons.

C preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the T1–L2 regions of the spinal cord.

D All of the choices are correct.

Question #12

The autonomic nervous system may receive input from visceral sensory neurons.

A False

B True

Question #13

Which system contains short preganglionic axons that branch extensively?

A Parasympathetic nervous system

B Somatic nervous system

C Sympathetic nervous system

Question #14

Which division functions to conserve energy and replenish the supply of nutrients?

A Somatic

B Parasympathetic

C Sympathetic

Question #15

The arrector pili muscles receive their sympathetic innervation via the

A spinal nerve pathway.

B splanchnic nerve pathway.

C None of the choices is correct.

D postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway.

E adrenal medulla pathway.

Question #16

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A function only during sleep.

B are composed of PNS structures only.

C use preganglionic and postganglionic neurons to innervate skeletal muscle.

D are voluntary.

E contain autonomic ganglia to house ganglionic neurons.

Question #17

The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the

A large intestine.

B ciliary muscle.

C sublingual salivary gland.

D lacrimal gland.

E parotid salivary gland.

Question #18

Autonomic tone allows for a single division of the autonomic nervous system to control an organ by changing that division’s activity levels up or down from baseline.

A False

B True

Question #19

Muscarinic receptors are proteins that bind the neurotransmitter

A norepinephrine.

B epinephrine.

C acetylcholine.

Question #20

Postganglionic sympathetic axons are carried from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerve by the

A pterygopalatine ganglion.

B gray rami communicantes.

C superior cervical ganglion.

D white rami communicantes.

E splanchnic nerves.

Question #21

Which is not an effector innervated by the autonomic nervous system?

A Cardiac muscle

B Smooth muscle

C Glands

D Skeletal muscle

Question #22

Gray rami from the sympathetic trunk connect to

A the sympathetic trunk

B alternating spinal nerves.

C the cranial nerves.

D all spinal nerves.

Question #23

Postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS cause increased secretion by the lacrimal (tear) glands.

A False

B True

Question #24

The sympathetic trunks are located

A immediately lateral to the vertebral column.

B in the craniosacral regions.

C superior to the brachial plexus.

D inferior to the sacral plexus.

E lateral to prevertebral ganglia.

Question #25

The superior mesenteric ganglion of the sympathetic branch of the ANS is adjacent to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery.

A False

B True

Question #26

The simple knee-jerk reflex is an example of a(n) _____ reflex.

A monosynaptic

B crossed-extensor

C multisynaptic

D ipsilateral

E contralateral

Question #27

Nerve plexuses are networks of interweaving posterior rami of spinal nerves.

A True

B False

Question #28

The direct motor pathway originates in the

A reticular formation of the brainstem.

B superior colliculus of the midbrain.

C vestibular nuclei of the brainstem.

D motor cortex of the cerebral cortex.

Question #29

A reflex arc in which both the receptor and the effector organs of the reflex are on the same side of the spinal cord is

A contralateral.

B polysynaptic.

C ipsilateral.

D monosynaptic.

Question #30

Sensory impulses traveling through the posterior root will reach the _______ upon entering the spinal cord.

A anterior horn

B posterior root ganglion

C central commissure

D posterior horn

Question #31

Information about temperature, proprioception, and pressure from skin, joints, and muscles is conveyed by

A visceromotor pathways.

B somatosensory pathways.

C viscerosensory pathways.

D somatomotor pathways.

Question #32

The cell bodies of lower motor neurons are housed in the posterior horns of the spinal cord.

A False

B True

Question #33

This nerve helps to plant the foot and receives sensory signals from the skin of the sole.

A Tibial nerve

B Deep fibular nerve

C Obturator nerve

D Femoral nerve

E Genitofemoral nerve

Question #34

The obturator nerve innervates muscles of the lateral thigh.

A True

B False

Question #35

Motor pathways are _________ tracts that control _________.

A descending; effectors

B ascending; effectors

C ascending; affectors

D descending; affectors

Question #36

Which accurately describes sensory and motor pathways?

A Both sensory and motor pathways terminate in the PNS.

B Sensory pathways terminate in the brain, and motor pathways terminate at effectors.

C Both sensory and motor pathways terminate in the brain.

D Sensory pathways terminate at effectors and motor pathways terminate in the brain.

Question #37

The subdural space is the region between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater.

A True

B False

Question #38

Because most pathways decussate, each side of the brain processes information from the _________ side of the body.

A contralateral

B ipsilateral

Question #39

What is the thin strand of pia mater that helps to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx?

A Cervical enlargement

B Conus medullaris

C Filum terminale

D Terminus coccyx

E Coccygeal tendon

Question #40

Stepping on a piece of glass would most likely invoke a _____ reflex.

A pain

B withdrawal

C stretch

D motor

E tendon

Question #41

The fasciculus cuneatus is part of the

A lateral spinothalamic tract.

B posterior funiculus–medial lemniscal pathway.

C spinocerebellar pathway.

D fasciculus gracilis.

E anterolateral pathway.

Question #42

In the brain, the outer cerebral cortex consists of gray matter, but in the spinal cord, gray matter is confined to the innermost regions.

A False

B True

Question #43

In both the anterolateral pathway and the posterior funiculus–medial lemniscal pathway, the axons of the ________ neurons decussate in the CNS.

A primary

B quaternary

C tertiary

D secondary

Question #44

A typical spinal cord in an adult is

A 12–14 inches long.

B 20–24 inches long.

C 24–26 inches long.

D 16–18 inches long.

E 8–10 inches long.

Question #45

The tapered, conical inferior end of the spinal cord is called the conus

A equine.

B sacralis.

C medullaris.

D caudalis.

E finalis.

Question #46

The large section of spinal white matter that is found between the posterior gray horns is known as the posterior

A decussation.

B funiculus.

C commissure.

D peduncle.

Question #47

The nerve that innervates the deltoid muscle and receives sensory input from the superolateral lateral arm is the

B musculocutaneous nerve.

C radial nerve.

D axillary nerve.

E median nerve.

F ulnar nerve.

Question #48

The lumbar region of the spinal cord is closest to the lumbar vertebrae of the vertebral column.

A False

B True

Question #49

In general, nerves from the posterior division of the brachial plexus tend to innervate muscles that extend the parts of the upper limb.

A False

B True

Question #50

What is the correct order for the events that occur during a reflex?

a: Impulse travels through sensory neuron to the CNS
b: A stimulus activates a receptor
c: Information is processed by interneurons
d: Motor neuron transmits impulse to effector
e: Effector responds

A a, b, c, d, e

B c, a, b, d, e

C c, b, a, e, d

D b, a, c, d, e

E b, d, c, a, e

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