Lecture Midterm Exam

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Question #1

Making the inside of a cell more negative (ex: from -55mV to -70mV) is called Repolarization.

A False

B True

Question #2

In order for the ion channels to open on the sarcoplasmic reticulum, _________sensitive proteins have to be activated on the T-Tubules.

A Ion

B Mechanical

C Chemical

D Voltage

Question #3

____________ are more abundant inside of the cell.

A Sodium

B Potassium

Question #4

When ATP is hydrolyzed, cross bridges are _____________.

A Disassembled

B Assembled

Question #5

The glial cells that help in the formation of the blood-brain barrier are called Ependymal Cells.

A True

B False

Question #6

The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases __________ in order to regulate muscle contraction.

A Chloride

B Calcium

C Sodium

D Hydrogen

E Potassium

Question #7

Hyperpolarizing graded potentials cannot be added together to cause the resting membrane potential to reach threshold and thus cause an action potential.

A False

B True

Question #8

After the initial local depolarization wave of the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction, Voltage gated sodium ion channels are activated on the sarcolemma.

A False

B True

Question #9

Making the inside of a cell more positive (ex: from -70mV to -50mV) is called Depolarization

A False

B True

Question #10

The channels that open up on the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction allow the passage of _______________ ions.

A Chloride

B Sodium

C Sodium and Potassium

D Potassium

Question #11

The relaxation period on a myogram represents decreasing muscle tension and the reentry of chloride ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

A False

B True

Question #12

When ADP and Pi are released from the myosin head, a power stroke occurs.

A True

B False

Question #13

When a muscle experiences Fatigue, the muscle is unable to respond to any further signals from the nervous system.

A False

B True

Question #14

In order for the calcium ions to leave the sarcoplasmic reticulum, mechanical gates for Ca2+ on the sarcoplasmic reticulum have to be pushed open.

A True

B False

Question #15

The cerebral spinal fluid flows through the _________when flowing from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle.

A Interventricular foramen

B Lateral or Median apertures

C Central Canal

D Cerebral Aqueduct

Question #16

In creating the Resting Membrane Potential, the leaky sodium channels make the electrical reading across the membrane a -55 mV reading.

A False

B True

Question #17

When an action potential gets to the axon terminus, ligand-gated calcium ion channels open.

A False

B True

Question #18

The glial cell in the CNS that provides myelination of axons is called a(an) Schwann Cell.

A False

B True

Question #19

When ATP is attached to the myosin head, muscle cross bridges are ___________.

A Disassembled

B Assembled

Question #20

When neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft, the neurotransmitter activates aquaporin channels on the presynaptic membrane.

A True

B False

Question #21

An additional action potential can be initiated in the same position on the axon once the sodium channels open and the potassium channels close?

A True

B False

Question #22

Which of the following is sometimes a component of a reflex arc?

A Afferent Neuron

B Efferent Neuron

C Effector

D Interneuron

E Sensory receptor

Question #23

Cross bridges are formed between actin and myosin in smooth muscle.

A True

B False

Question #24

The structures that maintain the Resting Membrane Potential are the ________________.

A Leaky sodium Channels

B Leaky potassium Channels

C Sodium/Potassium Pumps

D Chemically gated ion Channels

Question #25

Myelin speeds up the conduction rate of the action potential.

A True

B False

Question #26

The glial cell in the PNS that provides myelination of axons is called a(an) Oligodendrocyte.

A False

B True

Question #27

The CSF exits the subarachnoid space through the arachnoid villi and then travels into the central canal.

A True

B False

Question #28

Tropomyosin regulates Troponin in skeletal muscle.

A False

B True

Question #29

The concentration of chloride ions is greater outside of the cell.

A False

B True

Question #30

The purpose of myelination is to decrease the rate of action potential propagation along the axon.

A True

B False

Question #31

The thalamus would receive sensory information from all of the following except _______.

A Touch

B Olfactory

C Auditory

D Taste

E Vision

Question #32

Neurons release _____________from the axon terminus in order to locally depolarize the postsynaptic membrane of skeletal muscles (sarcolemma).

A Acetylcholine

B Norepinephrine

C Glutamate

D Epinephrine

E GABA

Question #33

The Resting Membrane Potential is the value of the voltage across the plasma membrane where the inside of the cell is more positive and the outside of the cell is more negative.

A False

B True

Question #34

The only way an Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential (IPSP) can be generated is to open Chloride channels.

A True

B False

Question #35

The number of motor units that need to be recruited is directly proportional to the amount or level of work the muscle needs to accomplish.

A True

B False

Question #36

____________ are more abundant outside of the cell.

A Potassium

B Sodium

Question #37

Making the inside of a cell more negative (ex: from -70mV to -90mV) is called Hyperpolarization.

A True

B False

Question #38

The CSF exits the subarachnoid space through the arachnoid villi and travels into the central canal.

A True

B False

Question #39

When skeletal muscle contracts, the distance between z lines/discs ____________.

A Increases

B Decreases

Question #40

The presence of leaky channels allow the resting cell membrane potential to be maintained.

A True

B False

Question #41

The glial cell that helps to form the blood-brain barrier is called a(an) Astrocyte.

A True

B False

Question #42

Broca’s Area is considered the sensory speech area.

A True

B False

Question #43

Actin does not require the binding of ATP in order to expose its binding sites.

A True

B False

Question #44

In creating the Resting Membrane Potential, the leaky potassium channels make the electrical reading across the membrane a -90 mV reading.

A True

B False

Question #45

Neurons have a low metabolic rate.

A True

B False

Question #46

Glycolysis uses ________molecules of ATP.

A 1

B 28

C 2

D 4

E 32

Question #47

The larger the molecule, the slower the rate of diffusion.

A False

B True

Question #48

The process of using DNA to create an RNA message is called____________________.

A Translation

B Transcription

C Replication

D Phosphorylation

Question #49

Once enzymes help speed up a reaction, the enzyme is used up and cannot be used again.

A True

B False

Question #50

Simple Diffusion is a type of facilitated transport.

A False

B True

Question #51

Having an appropriate atmospheric pressure is not a survival need of the body.

A False

B True

Question #52

The Electron Transport System alone produces approximately ________molecules of ATP.

A 8

B 2

C 3

D 1

E 28

Question #53

The concentration of solute outside of the cells drives the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

A False

B True

Question #54

If a molecule of nucleic acid has an OH at the 2nd carbon on the sugar molecule, that nucleic acid is ______.

A GNA

B RNA

C DNA

D CNA

Question #55

The movement of molecules in an Active Transport situation will require both Energy and movement of the molecules down their concentration gradient.

A False

B True

Question #56

When transferring an electron, the neutral atom that gives up an electron will become an anion.

A False

B True

Question #57

ATP is formed by bonding together three negatively charged phosphate molecules and a guanosine molecule.

A False

B True

Question #58

A solution that has mostly H+ present is thought to be _______.

A Acidic

B Basic

Question #59

The monomers for carbohydrates are________.

A Monosaccharides

B Proteins

C Fatty Acids

D Amino Acids

E Nucleotides

Question #60

H+ passes through ATP Synthase actively.

A False

B True

Question #61

The part of a negative feedback system that brings homeostasis back into balance is called the ________.

A Central Processor

B Efferent Pathway

C Effector

D Afferent Pathway

E Sensor

Question #62

The process by which Proteins are made from RNA is called __________________.

A Translation

B DNA Polymerase

C Transcription

D Replication

Question #63

Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

A False

B True

Question #64

One reason for having biological membranes is that they allow compartmentation to exist in the body

A False

B True

Question #65

Which Law of Thermodynamics involves maintaining order in a system?

A Second Law

B First Law

Question #66

The universal solvent is ______.

A Alcohol

B Acid

C Base

D Fat

E Water

Question #67

The process by which RNA is made from DNA is called ______________________.

A Translation

B Replication

C DNA Polymerase

D RNA Polymerase

E Transcription

Question #68

Osmosis is the filtration of water across a semi-permeable membrane.

A True

B False

Question #69

Negative feedback is considered to be important in maintaining homeostasis.

A True

B False

Question #70

A reaction in which the net energy contained in the bond of the products is lower than the net energy contained in the bonds of the reactants is considered _____________.

A Exergonic

B Endergonic

Question #71

Each tRNA is responsible for bringing the correct ______________ to the growing polypeptide chain.

A tRNA

B DNA

C Fatty Acid

D mRNA

E Amino Acid

Question #72

In order to begin transcription, an RNA polymerase needs to locate a special sequence on the DNA called the __________.

A Exon

B Intron

C Start codon

D Stop codon

E Promoter

Question #73

Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

A True

B False

Question #74

The study of the Structure of the human body is called:

A Physiology

C Anatomy

Question #75

NADH and FADH2 are considered low energy carrier molecules.

A True

B False

Question #76

The process by which DNA is made from DNA is called _____________________.

A Transcription

B Replication

C Translation

D RNA Polymerase

E DNA polymerase

Question #77

Homeostatic mechanisms can work through positive feedback systems.

A True

B False

Question #78

When energy is initially being used in a system, there is a tendency for disorder in that system to increase.

A False

B True

Question #79

Where in the cell does the Citric Acid Cycle/Krebs Cycle occur?

A Cytosol

B Nucleus

C Mitochondria

D Lysosomes

Question #80

The part of a negative feedback system that detects when homeostasis is out of balance is called the ________.

A Efferent Pathway

B Sensor

C Effector

D Afferent Pathway

E Central Processor

Question #81

If the sequence of bases on a strand of mRNA is UUAAGCCAAGGG, then the sequence of the bases on the strand of DNA it was transcribed from is:

A TTUUCGGUUCCC

B AATUCGGTTCCC

C AAUUCGGUUCCC

D AATTCGGTTCCC

Question #82

If living cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, water will move ___________cells and cause the cells to ___________.

A Into: swell and burst

B Out of : shrink

Question #83

Which of the following is/are necessary functions for living organisms?

A Zooming

B Talking on a cell phone

C Watching television

D Being able to get rid of waste products

Question #84

NADH and FADH2 are used to create a gradient of _________ which then diffuses through the ATP synthase pump to help create ATP.

A CO2

B OH-

C H2O

D H+

E Na+

Question #85

A/An _________bond is formed when molecules share their electrons.

A Ionic

B Covalent

Question #86

The part of a negative feedback system that processes information and makes decisions is called the ________.

A Effector

B Central Processor

C Sensor

D Efferent Pathway

E Afferent pathway

Question #87

The type of transport across the plasma membrane that requires input of energy is called Passive Transport.

A True

B False

Question #88

The monomers for Lipids are _______.

A Monosaccharides

B Proteins

C Fatty acids

D Nucleotides

E Amino acids

Question #89

Glycolysis is the process in which ________________ is broken down to pyruvic acid in order to make ATP and NADH.

A Acetyl-CoA

B Fats

C Glucose

D Proteins

Question #90

In biomolecular synthesis, monomers are linked to form polymers through ___reactions.

A Water

B Reduction

C Hydrolysis

D Dehydration

Question #91

Enzymes work by raising the activation energy required to start reactions.

A True

B False

Question #92

Homeostasis maintains __________stability.

A External

B Internal

Question #93

If living cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, water will move ___________cells and cause the cells to ___________.

A Into: swell and burst

B Out of : shrink

Question #94

Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration is considered Active Transport.

A True

B False

Question #95

A/An _______bond is formed when molecules transfer their electrons.

A Ionic

B Covalent

Question #96

Where in the cell does the Electron Transport System occur?

A Lysosomes

B Mitochondria

C Cytosol

D Nucleus

Question #97

When transferring an electron, the neutral atom that receives an electron will become a compound.

A False

B True

Question #98

ATP is made up of three positively charged phosphate groups.

A True

B False

Question #99

Where in the cell does Glycolysis occur?

A Lysosomes

B Cytosol

C Mitochondria

D Nucleus

Question #100

What is the type of molecular transport in which molecules move “down” their concentration gradient?

A Active

B Active and Passive

C Passive

Question #101

If the sequence of bases on a strand of mRNA is UUAAGCCAAGGG, then the sequence of the amino acids would be:

A Leu-Ser-Gln-Gly

B Gly-Gln-Cys-Thr

C Val-Ile-Pro-Arg

D Asp-Ala-Cys-Ser

Question #102

As the pH of a solution increases, the concentration of H+ ____.

A Increases

B Decreases

Question #103

What contains two or more elements in a fixed ratio?

A Atom

B Trace Element

C Molecule

D Element

E Compound

Question #104

A reaction in which the net energy contained in the bond of the products is higher than the net energy contained in the bonds of the reactants is considered _____________.

A Exergonic

B Endergonic

Question #105

The Complementarity of Structure and Function says that “function follows form”.

A False

B True

Question #106

The plasma membrane of a cell is selective about which molecules can or cannot go in or out of the cell.

A False

B True

Question #107

During the elongation phase of transcription, RNA polymerase creates a DNA molecule by bringing in nucleotides that have bases complimentary to the gene sequence on the DNA molecule.

A False

B True

Question #108

Oxygen is more electronegative than Hydrogen, which is why water is a polar molecule.

A True

B False

Question #109

When we breathe we breathe in oxygen. The oxygen that we breathe in is used in the process of ATP Synthesis. Specifically, the oxygen is used as an acceptor of H+ which caused the formation of _____________ which is an end product in the process of cellular respiration.

A H2O

B CO2

C Na+

D OH-

E H+

Question #110

The rate of diffusion can be affected by Temperature.

A False

B True

Question #111

When molecules are sharing electrons in an unequal fashion, we refer to those molecules as being __________.

A Non-Polar

B Polar

Question #112

The Krebs Cycle alone produces ________molecules of ATP.

A 34

B 1

C 2

D 28

E 3

Question #113

The monomers for Proteins are ________.

A Proteins

B Monosaccharides

C Amino Acids

D Nucleotides

E Fatty Acids

Question #114

Enzymes act on other molecules called substrates at the ______________ of the enzyme.

A ATP Site

B Energy Site

C Reaction Site

D Active Site

E Doorway

Question #115

The part of a negative feedback system that carries sensory information is called the ________.

A Efferent Pathway

B Sensor

C Effector

D Afferent Pathway

E Central Processor

Question #116

Which type of molecular transport requires molecules to move against their concentration gradient?

A Active and Passive

B Passive

C Active

Question #117

Which site on the ribosome does the new tRNA go to bring in the next amino acid?

A Promoter

B Stop codon

C A site

D P site

E Start codon

Question #118

In biomolecular reduction, polymers are broken down into monomers through ___ reactions.

A Dehydration

B Reduction

C Water

D Hydrolysis

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Lecture Midterm Exam

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