American Government Exam Ch 8-10

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Question #1

What is a difference between a PAC and a super PAC?

A PACs can contribute directly to candidates, but super PACs cannot.

B Contributions to PACs are unlimited, but restrictions have been placed on how much money can be contributed to super PACs.

C Conservative interests favor PACs over super PACs.

D Super PACS are much more likely to support incumbent candidates than are PACs.

Question #2

Which of the following is true of spending in politics?

A The Supreme Court has restricted spending on politics.

B The Supreme Court has ruled that corporations may spend unlimited amounts of money but unions may not.

C The Supreme Court has opposed restrictions on spending on politics.

D The Supreme Court has yet to address the issue of money in politics.

Question #3

Which of the following is an aspect of iron triangles?

A three interest groups that have formed a coalition

B a symbiotic relationship among Congressional committees, executive agencies, and interest groups

C fluid participation among interests

D a great deal of competition for access to decision-makers

Question #4

What type of incentives appeal to someone’s concern about a cause?

A solidary incentives

B material incentives

C purposive incentives

D negative incentives

Question #5

How are collective goods different from private goods?

A Collective goods and private goods both offer broadly distributed benefits.

B Collective goods and private goods both offer particularized benefits.

C Collective goods offer particularized benefits, while private goods are broadly distributed.

D Collective goods offer broadly distributed benefits, while private goods offer particularized benefits.

Question #6

Someone who lobbies on behalf of a company that he or she works for as part of his or her job is ________.

A a legislative liaison

B a contract lobbyist

C a volunteer lobbyist

D an in-house lobbyist

Question #7

___ incentives are benefits to overcome collective action problems that appeal to people’s support of an issue or cause.

A Purposive

B Material

C Solitary

D Solidary

Question #8

____ are laws that require a cooling-off period before government officials can register to lobby after leaving office.

A Cooling off laws

B Anti-corruption in lobbying laws

C Revolving door laws

D Lobbyist ban laws

Question #9

The _____ problem is when some individuals can receive benefits without helping to bear the cost.

A lazy

B prodigal

C free rider

D squatting

Question #10

Examples of collective goods include all of the following except

A highway safety

B environmental protection

C automobiles

D public education

Question #11

The AARP has approximately ____ members and is considered a broadly focused interest group

A 38 million

B 22 million

C 3 million

D 60 million

Question #12

_____ are typically groups of institutions that join with others, often within the same trade or industry.

A Associations

B In-house lobbies

C Lobbies

D Liaisons

Question #13

Lobbying occurs

A only at the state level

B at both the state and national level

C only at the national level

D only among Democrats

E only among Republicans

Question #14

Rather than have a partisan state legislature redraw district lines in a state, some states, like Arizona, have sought to use independent commissions that would be responsible for drafting legislative districts. This would prevent state lawmakers of a party that has a majority in the state legislature from redrawing district lines (gerrymandering) in favor of their party. The Supreme Court

A has yet to decide the status/constitutionality of independent commissions for redistricting purposes

B struck down the authority of the independent commision

C upheld the authority of the independent commission

Question #15

All of the following are causes of polarization except

A the impact of technology on the public square

B increased bipartisanship among members in Congress

C sorting of the voting public, or a change in party allegiance in response to shifts in party position

D gerrymandering, or the manipulation of legislatie districts in an attempt to favor a particular candidate

Question #16

The ____ is a relatively new voice in the Republican Party that is more hostile to government and views government intervention in all forms as a threat to capitalism and democracy.

A new Anti-Federalist Party

B Conservative Party

C Libertarian Party

D Tea Party

Question #17

Bipartisanship was the norm among national politicians until the

A 2000s

B 1950s

C 1980s

D 1960s

Question #18

Regardless of ideological and party preferences, if you are a person who values efficiency in government operations and wants to avoid contentious politics, you would be in favor of

A unified government

B split government

C divided government

D stalemate government

Question #19

Barack Obama caught the attention of the Democratic establishment when

A he ran against Hillary Clinton for a U.S. Senate seat in 2004

B he ran as John Kerry’s running mate in 2004

C he gave the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic convention

D he gave a speech on behalf of John Kerry when Kerry could not make a rally in 2004

Question #20

The ____ election is considered a critical election, an election which represents a sudden, clear, and long-term shift in voter allegiances.

A 1928

B 1932

C 1936

D 1940

Question #21

The _____ Party dominated the presidency in the Fifth Party System.

A Republican

B Libertarian

C Whig

D Democratic

E Progressive

Question #22

Scholars pose various reasons why third/minor parties have not been successful in the U.S. These reasons include all of the following except

A the influence of local election laws

B the Electoral College and the winner-take-all allocation of electoral votes

C all-encompassing nature of the two major parties, making any third party ideologically unncessary

D relative prosperity and unity of citizens

Question #23

The first 24-hour news station with live coverage and interview programs was

A CNN

B Fox News

C MSNBC

D CNBC

Question #24

____ voting is based on the principle that the individual candidate with the most votes wins, whether or not he or she gains a majority (51% or greater) of the total votes cast.

A Proportional

B Majoritarian

C Plurality

Question #25

The ____ were white, southern Democrats who split from the Democratic Party in 1948 when Harry Truman, who favored civil rights, became the Democratic Party’s nominee for president.

A Segregationist Party

B Progressives

C Ku Klux Klan Party

D Dixiecrats

Question #26

The Populist Party supported all of the following except

A income tax

B regulation of railroads

C popular election of U.S. senators

D monopoly of the banking industry

Question #27

What was George Washington’s view of parties, as articulated in his farewell speech?

A He suggested that Alexander Hamilton pick the nation’s first two parties

B He suggested that parties, if led by educated men, would not lead to divisive politics

C He warned of the potential negative effects of parties

D He warned that the young nation would not survive without parties

Question #28

A _____ is adopted at each party’s presidential nominating convention every four years.

A party platform

B party plan

C party list

D party schema

Question #29

___ news is news that is presented in an entertaining style.

A Hard

B Medium

C Soft

D Casual

Question #30

The creation of a narrative, or context, for a news story is called

A agenda setting

B franking

C casting

D framing

Question #31

The Freedom of Information Act, a key sunshine law, initially sought to increase openness in the ____ branch.

A executive

B judicial

C legislative

Question #32

Laws that mandate/require federal and many state government proceedings and meeting documents be made available to the public are called ______ laws.

A open access

B transparent

C sunshine

D inclusive

Question #33

The first attempt by Congress to regulate broadcast materials was the

A Television Act of 1947

B Radio Act of 1927

C Radio Act of 1901

D Television Act of 1957

Question #34

The “Golden Age of Presidential Television” was between the

A 1950s and 1980s

B 1960s-1990s

C 1960s and 2000s

D 1950s and 2000s

Question #35

The first televised presidential debate was between

A George McGovern and John Kennedy

B John Kennedy and Richard Nixon

C Richard Nixon and George McGovern

D Hubert Humphrey and Lyndon Johnson

Question #36

FM (frequency modulation) broadcasting, with its wider signal bandwidth, provided clear sound with less static, became popular shortly after

A the Great Depression

B World War I

C the Vietnam War

D World War II

Question #37

It was President ____ who became famous for harnessing the political power of radio.

A Theodore Roosevelt

B Harry Truman

C Herbert Hoover

D Franklin Roosevelt

Question #38

When the media (publishers, producers) chooses which issues or topics deserve public discussion, this is called

A framing

B agenda setting

C positing

D franking

Question #39

In 1983, ___ companies owned 90% of U.S. media. By 2012, ___ conglomerates controlled the same percentage of U.S. media outlets.

A 20; 10

B 50; 6

C 100; 20

D 6; 50

Question #40

Baby boomers are more likely to get news and information from ____, while members of generation X and millennials are more likely to use ______.

A radio; newspapers

B radio; television

C newspapers; magazines

D television; social media

E social media; television

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American Government Exam Ch 8-10

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