Lecture Exam 3

A  medulla oblongata 

B  cerebellum 

C  limbic system 

D  hypothalamus 

A  Pons

B  Cerebrum 

C  Medulla oblongata

D  Cerebellum

A  visual reflexes, pons 

B  blood pressure, pons 

C  blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

D  voluntary movement, frontal lobe

A  Red nuclei 

B  Cerebral nuclei

C  Arcuate nuclei 

D  Substantia nigra 

A  epithalamus.

B  thalamus.

C  hypothalamus.

D  pons.

A  Pineal gland 

B  Anterior nucleus 

C  Habenular nucleus

D  Mammillary body

A  sound, cerebellum

B  smell, parietal lobe

C  taste, frontal lobe

D  taste, insula 

A  smell.

B  vision.

C  hearing.

D  verbal communication.

A  cerebral sulci.

B  hypothalamus.

C  corpus callosum.

D  cerebral gyri.

A  cerebrum.

B  hypothalamus.

C  cerebellum.

D  pons.

A  microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

B  astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

C  astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

D  ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

A  the median aperture.

B  arachnoid villi.

C  astrocytes.

D  microglia.

A  choroid plexus.

B  septum pellucidum.

C  arachnoid granulation.

D  arachnoid villi.

A  CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

B  CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

C  CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

D  CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

A  interventricular foramen.

B  central canal.

C  septum pellucidum.

D  mesencephalic aqueduct

A  lateral 

B  median 

C  fourth

D  third 

A  Arachnoid

B  Pia mater 

C  Dura mater

D  Subdural layer

A  b, c, a

B  a, c, b

C  b, a, c

D  a, b, c

A  mesoderm.

B  ectoderm.

C  endoderm.

A  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

B  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

C  unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

A  myelinated regions.

B  neurofibril nodes.

A  myelinated, small

B  unmyelinated, large 

C  myelinated, large 

D  unmyelinated, small 

A  calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

B  calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

C  calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

D  calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

A  Absolute refractory period 

B  Relative refractory period 

A  closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

B  open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

C  open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

D  closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

A  potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

B  potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

C  potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

D  potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

A  excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

B  postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

C  resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

D  action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

A  EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

B  IPSP, which is a depolarization.

C  EPSP, which is a depolarization.

D  IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

A  chemically, dendrite 

B  voltage-, axon 

C  chemically, axon

D  voltage-, dendrite 

A  is all or none (always the same intensity).

B  varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

C  lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

D  travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

A  voltage-gated channels.

B  sodium-potassium pumps.

C  mechanically gated channels.

D  chemically gated channels.

A  0 mV.

B  more negative.

C   the same.

D  more positive.

A  inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

B  directly related to both voltage and resistance.

C  directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

D  indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

A  the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

B  the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

C  the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

D  the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

A  voltage-gated calcium channel.

B  voltage-gated chloride channel.

C  voltage-gated sodium channel.

D  voltage-gated potassium channel.

A  receptive 

B   initial 

C   transmissive

D  conductive 

A  epineurium.

B  perineurium.

C  endoneurium.

D  endosteum.

A  simple squamous epithelium.

B  dense irregular connective tissue.

C  dense regular connective tissue.

D  areolar connective tissue.

A  is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

B  carries information only toward the PNS.

C  is found only in the CNS.

D  contains a single axon.

A  satellite cell.

B  neurolemmocyte.

C  ependymal cell.

D  astrocyte.

A  astrocyte.

B  oligodendrocyte.

C  ependymal cell.

D  microglial cell.

A  Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

B  Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

C  Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

D  Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

A  the presynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

B   the presynaptic neuron’s soma into synaptic vesicles.

C  the presynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

D  the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

A  chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

B  individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

C  astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

D  some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

A  interneurons.

B  motor neurons.

C  sensory neurons.

D  bipolar neurons.

A  Within the cell body 

B  Along axon collaterals 

C  At the tips of telodendria 

D  At the ends of dendrites 

A  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell’s target.

B  a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

C  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

D  a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

A  Transmits impulses from the viscera 

B   Involuntary control of the heart 

C  Conducts impulses from the CNS 

D  Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

A  collect information.

B  process information.

C  conduct impulses to muscles.

D  initiate responses to information.