Lecture Exam 3

A  hypothalamus 

B  cerebellum 

C  limbic system 

D  medulla oblongata 

A  Pons

B  Cerebellum

C  Cerebrum 

D  Medulla oblongata

A  blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

B  blood pressure, pons 

C  voluntary movement, frontal lobe

D  visual reflexes, pons 

A  Red nuclei 

B  Arcuate nuclei 

C  Cerebral nuclei

D  Substantia nigra 

A  thalamus.

B  hypothalamus.

C  pons.

D  epithalamus.

A  Anterior nucleus 

B  Mammillary body

C  Habenular nucleus

D  Pineal gland 

A  sound, cerebellum

B  taste, frontal lobe

C  smell, parietal lobe

D  taste, insula 

A  hearing.

B  smell.

C  verbal communication.

D  vision.

A  cerebral gyri.

B  corpus callosum.

C  cerebral sulci.

D  hypothalamus.

A  cerebrum.

B  cerebellum.

C  hypothalamus.

D  pons.

A  ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

B  astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

C  astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

D  microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

A  arachnoid villi.

B  astrocytes.

C  microglia.

D  the median aperture.

A  arachnoid granulation.

B  septum pellucidum.

C  choroid plexus.

D  arachnoid villi.

A  CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

B  CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

C  CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

D  CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

A  interventricular foramen.

B  septum pellucidum.

C  central canal.

D  mesencephalic aqueduct

A  fourth

B  lateral 

C  third 

D  median 

A  Dura mater

B  Subdural layer

C  Pia mater 

D  Arachnoid

A  b, a, c

B  a, b, c

C  a, c, b

D  b, c, a

A  endoderm.

B  ectoderm.

C  mesoderm.

A  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

B  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

C  unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

A  neurofibril nodes.

B  myelinated regions.

A  unmyelinated, small 

B  myelinated, small

C  unmyelinated, large 

D  myelinated, large 

A  calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

B  calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

C  calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

D  calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

A  Absolute refractory period 

B  Relative refractory period 

A  closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

B  closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

C  open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

D  open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

A  potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

B  potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

C  potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

D  potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

A  postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

B  action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

C  resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

D  excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

A  EPSP, which is a depolarization.

B  EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

C  IPSP, which is a depolarization.

D  IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

A  chemically, axon

B  chemically, dendrite 

C  voltage-, dendrite 

D  voltage-, axon 

A  travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

B  is all or none (always the same intensity).

C  lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

D  varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

A  voltage-gated channels.

B  sodium-potassium pumps.

C  mechanically gated channels.

D  chemically gated channels.

A  more negative.

B  more positive.

C   the same.

D  0 mV.

A  directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

B  inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

C  indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

D  directly related to both voltage and resistance.

A  the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

B  the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

C  the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

D  the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

A  voltage-gated calcium channel.

B  voltage-gated sodium channel.

C  voltage-gated chloride channel.

D  voltage-gated potassium channel.

A  conductive 

B  receptive 

C   transmissive

D   initial 

A  endoneurium.

B  perineurium.

C  endosteum.

D  epineurium.

A  dense irregular connective tissue.

B  areolar connective tissue.

C  dense regular connective tissue.

D  simple squamous epithelium.

A  contains a single axon.

B  is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

C  is found only in the CNS.

D  carries information only toward the PNS.

A  ependymal cell.

B  astrocyte.

C  neurolemmocyte.

D  satellite cell.

A  astrocyte.

B  ependymal cell.

C  oligodendrocyte.

D  microglial cell.

A  Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

B  Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

C  Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

D  Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

A   the presynaptic neuron’s soma into synaptic vesicles.

B  the presynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

C  the presynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

D  the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

A  some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

B  chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

C  individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

D  astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

A  bipolar neurons.

B  sensory neurons.

C  interneurons.

D  motor neurons.

A  Along axon collaterals 

B  At the ends of dendrites 

C  Within the cell body 

D  At the tips of telodendria 

A  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell’s target.

B  a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

C  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

D  a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

A   Involuntary control of the heart 

B  Transmits impulses from the viscera 

C  Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

D  Conducts impulses from the CNS 

A  process information.

B  initiate responses to information.

C  conduct impulses to muscles.

D  collect information.