Lecture Exam 3

A  limbic system 

B  cerebellum 

C  medulla oblongata 

D  hypothalamus 

A  Cerebellum

B  Cerebrum 

C  Medulla oblongata

D  Pons

A  visual reflexes, pons 

B  voluntary movement, frontal lobe

C  blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

D  blood pressure, pons 

A  Arcuate nuclei 

B  Substantia nigra 

C  Cerebral nuclei

D  Red nuclei 

A  hypothalamus.

B  pons.

C  epithalamus.

D  thalamus.

A  Pineal gland 

B  Anterior nucleus 

C  Habenular nucleus

D  Mammillary body

A  sound, cerebellum

B  taste, insula 

C  smell, parietal lobe

D  taste, frontal lobe

A  verbal communication.

B  vision.

C  smell.

D  hearing.

A  hypothalamus.

B  corpus callosum.

C  cerebral sulci.

D  cerebral gyri.

A  cerebellum.

B  cerebrum.

C  pons.

D  hypothalamus.

A  ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

B  astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

C  microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

D  astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

A  the median aperture.

B  astrocytes.

C  arachnoid villi.

D  microglia.

A  arachnoid granulation.

B  septum pellucidum.

C  choroid plexus.

D  arachnoid villi.

A  CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

B  CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

C  CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

D  CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

A  mesencephalic aqueduct

B  central canal.

C  septum pellucidum.

D  interventricular foramen.

A  third 

B  lateral 

C  median 

D  fourth

A  Dura mater

B  Subdural layer

C  Arachnoid

D  Pia mater 

A  a, c, b

B  b, a, c

C  b, c, a

D  a, b, c

A  mesoderm.

B  endoderm.

C  ectoderm.

A  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

B  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

C  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D  unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

A  neurofibril nodes.

B  myelinated regions.

A  unmyelinated, large 

B  myelinated, small

C  unmyelinated, small 

D  myelinated, large 

A  calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

B  calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

C  calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

D  calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

A  Relative refractory period 

B  Absolute refractory period 

A  open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

B  closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

C  open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

D  closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

A  potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

B  potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

C  potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

D  potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

A  postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

B  action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

C  excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

D  resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

A  EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

B  IPSP, which is a depolarization.

C  IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

D  EPSP, which is a depolarization.

A  voltage-, axon 

B  chemically, dendrite 

C  chemically, axon

D  voltage-, dendrite 

A  lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

B  travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

C  is all or none (always the same intensity).

D  varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

A  chemically gated channels.

B  mechanically gated channels.

C  sodium-potassium pumps.

D  voltage-gated channels.

A  more positive.

B  0 mV.

C  more negative.

D   the same.

A  directly related to both voltage and resistance.

B  inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

C  indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

D  directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

A  the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

B  the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

C  the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

D  the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

A  voltage-gated sodium channel.

B  voltage-gated potassium channel.

C  voltage-gated chloride channel.

D  voltage-gated calcium channel.

A   initial 

B  conductive 

C   transmissive

D  receptive 

A  endosteum.

B  epineurium.

C  perineurium.

D  endoneurium.

A  dense regular connective tissue.

B  dense irregular connective tissue.

C  simple squamous epithelium.

D  areolar connective tissue.

A  carries information only toward the PNS.

B  contains a single axon.

C  is found only in the CNS.

D  is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

A  astrocyte.

B  neurolemmocyte.

C  satellite cell.

D  ependymal cell.

A  microglial cell.

B  ependymal cell.

C  oligodendrocyte.

D  astrocyte.

A  Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

B  Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

C  Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

D  Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

A  the presynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

B   the presynaptic neuron’s soma into synaptic vesicles.

C  the presynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

D  the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

A  some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

B  individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

C  astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

D  chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

A  bipolar neurons.

B  motor neurons.

C  interneurons.

D  sensory neurons.

A  Along axon collaterals 

B  At the tips of telodendria 

C  At the ends of dendrites 

D  Within the cell body 

A  a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

B  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

C  a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

D  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell’s target.

A  Conducts impulses from the CNS 

B  Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

C  Transmits impulses from the viscera 

D   Involuntary control of the heart 

A  process information.

B  initiate responses to information.

C  collect information.

D  conduct impulses to muscles.