Lecture Exam 3

A  hypothalamus 

B  limbic system 

C  medulla oblongata 

D  cerebellum 

A  Pons

B  Cerebrum 

C  Medulla oblongata

D  Cerebellum

A  blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

B  blood pressure, pons 

C  voluntary movement, frontal lobe

D  visual reflexes, pons 

A  Arcuate nuclei 

B  Red nuclei 

C  Substantia nigra 

D  Cerebral nuclei

A  pons.

B  thalamus.

C  epithalamus.

D  hypothalamus.

A  Habenular nucleus

B  Pineal gland 

C  Mammillary body

D  Anterior nucleus 

A  taste, frontal lobe

B  sound, cerebellum

C  taste, insula 

D  smell, parietal lobe

A  verbal communication.

B  vision.

C  smell.

D  hearing.

A  cerebral gyri.

B  cerebral sulci.

C  corpus callosum.

D  hypothalamus.

A  cerebrum.

B  hypothalamus.

C  pons.

D  cerebellum.

A  astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

B  astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

C  microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

D  ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

A  microglia.

B  arachnoid villi.

C  astrocytes.

D  the median aperture.

A  septum pellucidum.

B  arachnoid granulation.

C  choroid plexus.

D  arachnoid villi.

A  CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

B  CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

C  CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

D  CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

A  mesencephalic aqueduct

B  septum pellucidum.

C  interventricular foramen.

D  central canal.

A  median 

B  third 

C  fourth

D  lateral 

A  Pia mater 

B  Arachnoid

C  Dura mater

D  Subdural layer

A  b, a, c

B  a, c, b

C  b, c, a

D  a, b, c

A  ectoderm.

B  mesoderm.

C  endoderm.

A  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

B  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

C  unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

A  neurofibril nodes.

B  myelinated regions.

A  unmyelinated, large 

B  myelinated, small

C  unmyelinated, small 

D  myelinated, large 

A  calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

B  calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

C  calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

D  calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

A  Relative refractory period 

B  Absolute refractory period 

A  closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

B  open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

C  closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

D  open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

A  potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

B  potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

C  potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

D  potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

A  action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

B  resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

C  postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

D  excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

A  IPSP, which is a depolarization.

B  EPSP, which is a depolarization.

C  IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

D  EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

A  voltage-, axon 

B  chemically, axon

C  voltage-, dendrite 

D  chemically, dendrite 

A  lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

B  travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

C  is all or none (always the same intensity).

D  varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

A  voltage-gated channels.

B  chemically gated channels.

C  sodium-potassium pumps.

D  mechanically gated channels.

A  0 mV.

B   the same.

C  more positive.

D  more negative.

A  directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

B  indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

C  inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

D  directly related to both voltage and resistance.

A  the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

B  the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

C  the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

D  the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

A  voltage-gated chloride channel.

B  voltage-gated sodium channel.

C  voltage-gated calcium channel.

D  voltage-gated potassium channel.

A   transmissive

B   initial 

C  receptive 

D  conductive 

A  endoneurium.

B  endosteum.

C  perineurium.

D  epineurium.

A  dense regular connective tissue.

B  simple squamous epithelium.

C  dense irregular connective tissue.

D  areolar connective tissue.

A  carries information only toward the PNS.

B  contains a single axon.

C  is found only in the CNS.

D  is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

A  astrocyte.

B  ependymal cell.

C  satellite cell.

D  neurolemmocyte.

A  ependymal cell.

B  astrocyte.

C  oligodendrocyte.

D  microglial cell.

A  Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

B  Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

C  Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

D  Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

A   the presynaptic neuron’s soma into synaptic vesicles.

B  the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

C  the presynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

D  the presynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

A  individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

B  some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

C  astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

D  chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

A  bipolar neurons.

B  motor neurons.

C  interneurons.

D  sensory neurons.

A  At the tips of telodendria 

B  Along axon collaterals 

C  At the ends of dendrites 

D  Within the cell body 

A  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

B  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell’s target.

C  a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

D  a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

A  Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

B  Conducts impulses from the CNS 

C  Transmits impulses from the viscera 

D   Involuntary control of the heart 

A  initiate responses to information.

B  process information.

C  collect information.

D  conduct impulses to muscles.