Lecture Exam 3

A  hypothalamus 

B  medulla oblongata 

C  cerebellum 

D  limbic system 

A  Cerebrum 

B  Medulla oblongata

C  Cerebellum

D  Pons

A  blood pressure, pons 

B  voluntary movement, frontal lobe

C  blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

D  visual reflexes, pons 

A  Red nuclei 

B  Substantia nigra 

C  Arcuate nuclei 

D  Cerebral nuclei

A  hypothalamus.

B  epithalamus.

C  thalamus.

D  pons.

A  Habenular nucleus

B  Pineal gland 

C  Anterior nucleus 

D  Mammillary body

A  taste, insula 

B  sound, cerebellum

C  taste, frontal lobe

D  smell, parietal lobe

A  vision.

B  smell.

C  hearing.

D  verbal communication.

A  cerebral sulci.

B  corpus callosum.

C  hypothalamus.

D  cerebral gyri.

A  hypothalamus.

B  pons.

C  cerebrum.

D  cerebellum.

A  astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

B  ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

C  microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

D  astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

A  astrocytes.

B  microglia.

C  the median aperture.

D  arachnoid villi.

A  arachnoid villi.

B  arachnoid granulation.

C  septum pellucidum.

D  choroid plexus.

A  CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

B  CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

C  CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

D  CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

A  interventricular foramen.

B  septum pellucidum.

C  mesencephalic aqueduct

D  central canal.

A  lateral 

B  median 

C  fourth

D  third 

A  Arachnoid

B  Dura mater

C  Subdural layer

D  Pia mater 

A  b, a, c

B  a, b, c

C  b, c, a

D  a, c, b

A  endoderm.

B  mesoderm.

C  ectoderm.

A  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

B  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

C  unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

A  neurofibril nodes.

B  myelinated regions.

A  myelinated, large 

B  unmyelinated, large 

C  unmyelinated, small 

D  myelinated, small

A  calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

B  calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

C  calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

D  calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

A  Absolute refractory period 

B  Relative refractory period 

A  open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

B  closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

C  closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

D  open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

A  potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

B  potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

C  potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

D  potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

A  excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

B  resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

C  postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

D  action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

A  EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

B  IPSP, which is a depolarization.

C  EPSP, which is a depolarization.

D  IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

A  voltage-, axon 

B  chemically, axon

C  chemically, dendrite 

D  voltage-, dendrite 

A  lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

B  is all or none (always the same intensity).

C  travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

D  varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

A  chemically gated channels.

B  voltage-gated channels.

C  sodium-potassium pumps.

D  mechanically gated channels.

A   the same.

B  0 mV.

C  more positive.

D  more negative.

A  directly related to both voltage and resistance.

B  directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

C  indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

D  inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

A  the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

B  the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

C  the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

D  the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

A  voltage-gated calcium channel.

B  voltage-gated chloride channel.

C  voltage-gated sodium channel.

D  voltage-gated potassium channel.

A  conductive 

B   transmissive

C   initial 

D  receptive 

A  endoneurium.

B  epineurium.

C  endosteum.

D  perineurium.

A  simple squamous epithelium.

B  dense regular connective tissue.

C  dense irregular connective tissue.

D  areolar connective tissue.

A  is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

B  carries information only toward the PNS.

C  contains a single axon.

D  is found only in the CNS.

A  satellite cell.

B  neurolemmocyte.

C  ependymal cell.

D  astrocyte.

A  astrocyte.

B  ependymal cell.

C  microglial cell.

D  oligodendrocyte.

A  Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

B  Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

C  Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

D  Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

A   the presynaptic neuron’s soma into synaptic vesicles.

B  the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

C  the presynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

D  the presynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

A  astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

B  chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

C  individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

D  some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

A  motor neurons.

B  interneurons.

C  bipolar neurons.

D  sensory neurons.

A  Within the cell body 

B  Along axon collaterals 

C  At the tips of telodendria 

D  At the ends of dendrites 

A  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

B  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell’s target.

C  a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

D  a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

A  Conducts impulses from the CNS 

B  Transmits impulses from the viscera 

C  Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

D   Involuntary control of the heart 

A  initiate responses to information.

B  process information.

C  conduct impulses to muscles.

D  collect information.