Midterm Exam 1

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Question #1

With the rise of robber barons and big business, the incoming Gilded Age started to come into existence.
With robber barons and other businessmen attaining vast sums of wealth, what new economic dilemma was caused within the United States?

A Racial injustice

B Constitutional mistreatment

C Agricultural exploitation

D Income inequality

Question #2

As many migrants came to the United States from across the Atlantic on ships, they began to enter through Ellis island to begin the immigration process.
As they approached the shores of America, what monument stood before them that symbolized “America?”

A Washington D.C. Monument

B Statue of Liberty

C Lincoln Memorial

D Empire State Building

Question #3

What was the “Great Migration” within the African American community?

A Millions leaving the South in search of new opportunities

B Large migration waves from the United States to Canada, citing better social and legal systems

C Millions leaving the Mid-West prairies to the South to be closer to family and established businesses

D Large migration waves from the Caribbean to the coast of Florida

Question #4

This famous Act banned all combinations and practices that restrained free trade.
It ended up banning monopolies, vertical integration, horizontal integration, behind-closed doors trusts, etc.
What was this famous legislation called?

A Sherman Antitrust Act

B Anti-Trust Act

C Anti-Monopoly Act

D Civil Service Act

Question #5

This party boss leader was a Democratic Party political machine politician who exerted incredible influence within his New York district. He gave jobs to many, gained loyalty/voter support, reached many political positions, stole vast sums of money from building projects, died in jail for corruption charges.
It is reported he stole anywhere between $45-200 million in his day and age.
What was this party boss leader’s name?

A “Boss” William M. Tweed

B Charles Brayton

C Richard J. Daley

D Jefferson Randolph “Soapy” Smith

Question #6

What does the acronym AT&T stand for?

A American Telegraph and Telephone Company

B American Technology and Telecommunication Company

C American Telecommunication and Telephone Company

D American Telephone and Telegraph Company

Question #7

This Scottish-born American inventor, scientist, and engineer who is credited with inventing and patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company in 1885.
Who was he?

A Nikola Tesla

B George Westinghouse

C Alexander Graham Bell

D Thomas Edison

Question #8

During the 1840s and onward, this “mythical” piece of land on the west coast was regarded as a God-send for farmers. Tales of dense forests, plenty of rainfall, and mild winters, and pleasant summers had numerous migrants cross the mid-West and Sierra Nevada mountains in search of it. Many perished in the pursuit.
What was this land and journey called?

A Sierra Trail

B Oregon Trail

C Montana Trail

D Washington Trail

Question #9

During the turn of the century, industrialization began to create various issues in major bustling cities.
In Jacob Riis’s publication How the Other Half Lives, what message was he trying to convey to his readers?

A New York’s working poor and their slum living conditions

B The lavish lifestyle of Robber Barons

C Comparing Chicago and New York City, a tale of Two Cities with new versus old mentalities

D Discussing U.S. senators’ lifestyles compared to the average working American

Question #10

This business owner was an American business magnate who built his wealth in railroads and shipping. After working with his father’s business, he worked his way into leadership positions in the inland water trade and invested in the rapidly growing railroad industry.
Who was he?

A Cornelius Vanderbilt

B Andrew Carnegie

C John Rockefeller

D Chase Morgan

Question #11

As the “Great Migration” began to take hold across major U.S. cities, what discriminatory real-estate tactic was utilized to section different people into various parts of the city based on their skin color, ethnicity, and/or country of origin?

A Specialized districting

B Bluelining

C Racial city planning

D Redlining

Question #12

This book was published in a series of American children’s novels written by Laura Ingalls Wilder, based on her childhood and adolescence in the American Midwest between 1870 and 1894. Eight of the novels were completed by Wilder, and published by Harper & Brothers.
What was this book called?

A Old Yeller

B The Great Life

C Little House in the Rockies

D Little House on the Prairie

Question #13

Out of all the Native American tribes, arguably the Cherokee Nation came the closest to assimilationist goals during Westward Expansion. After building schools, roads, creating alphabets, converting to Christianity, and more, they were still not deemed “American” enough by the powers in charge.
What “experimental” term was their assimilation attempt remembered as?

A Great Cherokee Experiment

B Great Nation Experiment

C Cultural Experiment

D Assimilationist Experiment

Question #14

In Andrew Carnegie’s Gospel of Wealth, he wrote what successful entrepreneurs should do with their enormous wealth at the end of their lives.
What was his personal opinion on vastly wealthy individuals doing with their money at the end of their careers and life?

A Give back to charity and the people, with lasting institutions

B Invest the money to build even more wealth

C Keep the money within the family for generations

D Buy out the competition to prosper more wealth for generations

Question #15

The almost complete eradication of this animal led to the economic collapse of many Native American tribes in the Great Plains.
What was this animal group?

A Deer

B Mountain Lions

C Prairie Dogs

D Buffalo

Question #16

This 1758 compromise, written by Emmerich Von Vattel, Proclaimed the “superior use” policy where Europeans held better claim to land because they were politically centralized and economically developed, could make better used of it than Native Americans.
What was this policy called?

A Law of Conquest

B Superior Use Clause

C Law of Nations

D Colonization Clause

Question #17

John Gast’s famous painting in 1872 has become the archetypical example of Manifest Destiny.
What is his very famous painting called?

A Manifest Destiny

B American Progress

C Great American Push

D Westward Expansion

Question #18

John D. Rockefeller was associated with which of the following main business ventures?

A Railroads

B Steel

C Oil

D Agriculture

Question #19

This theory, developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin and others, stated that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual’s ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.
What theory was this?

A Naturalism

B Social Evolution

C Biological Selection

D Darwinism

Question #20

What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830 nicknamed by many?

A Trail of Misery

B Trail of Tears

C The Great Walk

D The Great Migration

Question #21

During the 19th century, Chinese migrants in the many thousands came to the West Coast of the United States in search of work and a better life, since mainland China was undergoing hardships. In this pursuit, they were utilized as migrant workers for building important infrastructure.
What projects were they mainly associated with during this time?

A Dam construction

B City construction

C Sewer construction

D Railroad construction

Question #22

This U.S. general was catapulted into stardom after the completion of the Civil War. He sat down with Robert E. Lee to sign the surrender.
Due to his prominent war-hero status, he later won the presidential election of 1868.
Who was he?

A Andrew Jackson

B George B. McClellan

C Jacob Brown

D Ulysses S. Grant

Question #23

This famous African American individual was an escaped slave, social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman.
He stated: “Slavery is not abolished until the black man has the ballot.”
He eventually stood in front of a lecture hall after successfully giving his first oration speech, and the university professor proclaimed him to be “a man.”
Who was this individual?

A W.E.B. Du Bois

B Frederick Douglass

C Booker T. Washington

D Marcus Garvey

Question #24

During the American Civil War between 1861-1865, what was the name of the rebellious southern territory that began their own new nation?

A Confederacy

B Southern Union

C New South

D The Great Confederacy

Question #25

Who was the vice president who inherited the office after Abraham Lincoln’s assassination? This individual was also responsible for overseeing Reconstruction.

A James Monroe

B Andrew Johnson

C Andrew Jackson

D Lyndon B. Johnson

Question #26

During the Second Industrial Revolution in the early 20th century, there was a massive migration movement domestically in the U.S.
Primarily in relation to geographic socio-economic discussions, where did people move to in order to find more opportunities for work/life/education?

A Agricultural rural to urban cities

B Urban cities to agricultural rural

C Western open lands to northern Canadian lands

D Mid-west plains and northeast fishing settlements

Question #27

This vocabulary term describes a social theory that evolution was a natural process in human society as well as in nature, meaning that some individuals in society are inherently superior/more intelligent/better suited toward a better life than others.
What is this term?

A Racism

B Natural Selection

C Social Darwinism

D Eugenics

Question #28

This vocabulary term describes a nickname given to the era between 1870-1890 from the title of a Mark Twain novel. Its meaning implies something is covered in a layer of gold but masks a deceivingly hollow and little-value core.
What is this term?

A Golden Age

B Silver Age

C Brilliant Age

D Gilded Age

Question #29

This vocabulary term describes a business that is the only provider of a good or service, giving it a tremendous competitive advantage over any other company that tries to provide a similar product or service.
What is this term?

A Monopoly

B Trust

C Corporation

D Vertical Integration

Question #30

This vocabulary term describes an editor who coined the term “Manifest Destiny” in 1845. He wrote in the United States Magazine and Democratic Review.
What was his name?

A William Lloyd Garrison

B Susan E. Dickinson

C Richard Harding Davis

D John O’Sullivan

Question #31

This vocabulary term describes the idea that God had endowed the United States with the right to expand territorially from the Atlantic to the Pacific and to displace those currently occupying the landscape.
What is this term?

A Divine Destiny

B Great Expansion

C Westward Expansion

D Manifest Destiny

Question #32

This American president was the first to be impeached by Congress.
Which U.S. president holds this title?

A Andrew Jackson

B Ulysses S. Grant

C Andrew Johnson

D Rutherford B. Hayes

Question #33

This vocabulary term describes a Native American leader who grew famous for his victory during the Battle of Little Bighorn. This battle was also known as Custer’s Last Stand to some. He then traveled with Buffalo Bill around the nation in an acting troupe.
What is his name?

A Sitting Bull

B Tecumseh

C Crazy Horse

D Geronimo

Question #34

This vocabulary term describes an amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
It states: “All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.”
Which amendment is this?

A Fifteenth Amendment

B Twelfth Amendment

C Fourteenth Amendment

D Thirteenth Amendment

Question #35

This vocabulary term describes a solution to count three out of five slaves in population figures for seats in Congress.
What is this term?

A Congressional Seats Act

B House Seats Compromise

C Three-Fifths Compromise

D Voting Act

Question #36

This vocabulary term describes the rebuilding of a shattered nation where the North and South would seek to redefine the meaning and boundaries of American freedom.
What is this term?

A National Healing

B Reconstruction

C Union Building

D The Roaring Twenties

Question #37

In 1845, this state was annexed into the United States, broadening the irrepressible differences in the United States over the issue of slavery and setting off the Mexican-American War.
What state was this?

A Texas

B California

C Utah

D New Mexico

Question #38

Since President Johnson was more sympathetic to the South after the Civil War than most wanted him to be, what Shakespearean play villain was he accredited to in various posters and publication material?

A Caliban from The Tempest

B Iago from Othello

C Claudius from Hamlet

D Lady Macbeth from Macbeth

Question #39

During the years preceding the Civil War, this landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Constitution of the United States was NOT meant to include American citizenship to all peoples, in this case including African Americans.

A Gibbons v. Ogden

B Dred Scott v. Sandford

C Marbury v. Madison

D Schenck v. United States

Question #40

This vocabulary term describes a federal government act that promised 160 acres of free land to settlers pushing westward.
What is this term?

A Homestead Act of 1862

B Allotment Act of 1862

C Land Lease Act of 1862

D Holmes Act of 1862

Question #41

This vocabulary term describes incredibly wealthy tycoons who wielded power within their own company and industry without any accountability within an unregulated marketplace.
What is this term?

A Men of Industry

B Rollin’ Robbers

C Robber Barons

D The Wealthy Five

Question #42

This vocabulary term describes legal devices whereby the affairs of several rival companies were managed by a single director.
What is this term?

A Conglomerates

B Monopolies

C Trusts

D Corporations

Question #43

During Westward Expansion, which directly resulted in negative impacts to Native American communities, what 1848-1849 discovery pushed them out of western lands once again?

A California Gold Rush

B Oregon Silver Mines

C Dakota Gold Reserves

D Oil Reserves in Utah

Question #44

This vocabulary term describes laws passed by Southern states to restrict African-Americans’ freedom, and to compel them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.
What is this term?

A Servant Codes

B Indentured Codes

C Rural Codes

D Black Codes

Question #45

This vocabulary term describes a 19-20th century secret fraternal group (although still in existence today) held to confine its membership to American-born white Christians, advocating white supremacist, and initiating in terrorist tactics to instill fear into their enemy groups.
What is this term?

A Order of the Brotherhood

B The Great Klan

C Order of St. Michael

D Ku Klux Klan

Question #46

This vocabulary term describes a tenant farmer on cultivated land giving a part of each crop as rent.
What is this term?

A Cash Crops

B Land Lease

C Sharecropping

D Land Renting

Question #47

This vocabulary term describes an agency established by Congress in March 1865. It was an attempt to establish an arbitration system in the South, allow for federal agents to have power over judicial disagreements, and act as overall “peacekeepers.”
What is this term?

A Arbitration Bureau

B Peace Bureau

C Education Bureau

D Freedmen’s Bureau

Question #48

This 1823 doctrine stated that no European nation shall interfere in the Western Hemisphere. Began U.S. dominance in the world, especially against European powers. This doctrine was called?

A MacArthur Doctrine

B Roosevelt Doctrine

C Johnson Doctrine

D Monroe Doctrine

Question #49

After the Civil War ended, President Johnson offered amnesty to all ex-Confederates who did which of the following? It was not the most rigorous of requirements, showing Johnson’s appeal to the South.

A Contractual obligation toward Reconstruction

B Oath of allegiance to the Union

C Financial support of the Union

D Sale of plantations to rebuild the South

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