Exam 2

A  brainwashing

B  group polarization

C  groupthink

D  mental programming

A  Most people conform to social norms, even when told to deviate from them by persons in authority.

B  Group conformity is the most important social relationship people seek to achieve.

C  Individualism is among the most cherished personal qualities one can possess.

D  A substantial number of people will inflict pain on others if ordered to do so by a person in a position of authority.

A  democratic leader

B  laissez-faire leader

C  dictatorial leader

D  authoritative leader

A  pushes

B  inner control

C  pulls

D  formal control

A  body type theory: people with muscular bodies are prone to be criminals

B  intelligence theory: low intelligence leads to deviant and criminal behavior

C  social learning theory: we learn deviance from our peers

D  XYY” theory: the extra Y chromosome in males causes criminal behavior

A  Officer Friel is violating police ethics.

B  Officer Friel is using reverse psychology on Mark.

C  Officer Friel is employing police discretion.

D  Officer Friel is guilty of breaking the law.

A  They are all retreatists.

B  They are all ritualists.

C  They are all conformists.

D  They are all rebels

A  In the presence of strong attachments, commitments, and involvement with other members of society.

B  When they are applied to members of the middle or upper classes

C  In situations where there is a strong police presence.

D  When we fear punishment from authorities such as parents or the court system.

A  a police officer taking $100 to refrain from writing a speeding ticket

B  a businessperson classifying parking tickets as job hunting expenses on an income tax return

C  an executive writing off the corporation’s million-dollar fine as investment capital

D  a bank teller robbing the First National bank

A  the cultural relativity of deviance

B  the need for social sanctions

C  nonconforming behavior

D  the need for absolute standards in defining deviance

A  a conformist

B  a ritualist

C  a rebel

D  an innovator

A  They are common in families living in poverty.

B  They come from regions populated by large numbers of minorities

C  They are from families that have a history of being involved in crime.

D  They are concentrated in urban areas with a population over 25,000.

A  sociology

B  sociobiology

C  anthropology

D  psychology

A  It was discovered there are no longer any XYY chromosome configurations among men.

B  The theory only explains deviant and criminal behavior among females.

C  Most criminals do not have XYY and everyone with XYY is not a criminal.

D  The work of the theorist who proposed the theory was plagiarized.

A  The nature of one’s behavior is the most important aspect in determining deviance.

B  It is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that makes it deviant.

C  Deviance is most related to functionalism because it creates a dysfunction for society.

D  Deviance is analogous to mental illness

A  out-group

B  reference group

C  primary group

D  in-group

A  impersonality

B  technical qualifications

C  hierarchy of authority

D  Division of labor

A  oligarchy

B  voluntary association

C  nonprofit organization

D  bureaucracy

A  interactionist

B  conflict

C  functionalist

D  structuralist

A  to increase company profits and competitiveness

B  to professionally develop staff

C  to stimulate an understanding of cultural differences

D  to emphasize the qualities that will lead to a worker’s success

A  Operating on-site daycare reduces employee absenteeism, improves production, and increases staff morale.

B  The results of the research are inconclusive.

C  Because of the large number of employees using them, daycare facilities are too expensive to operate.

D  Daycare facilities are ineffective because they are used by only a few employees

A  They are all primary groups.

B  They all bring people into the political mainstream.

C  They all offer people an identity.

D  They all generate social change.

A  alienate the “deadbeats” in the corporation

B  humanize the work setting to develop employee potential

C  increase the number of employees

D  increase profits by downsizing

A  goal displacement

B  bureaucratic ritualism

C  the Thomas theorem

D  the Peter principle

A  social capital

B  social networks

C  primary groups

D  secondary groups

A  technical qualifications

B  impersonality

C  hierarchy of authority

D  technical qualifications

A  the belief that heaven was a myth and there was no hereafter

B  the belief that people were destined before birth for either heaven or hell

C  the belief that man was naturally sinful

D  the belief that money is the root of all evil

A  democratic leader

B  authoritarian leader

C  expressive leader

D  laissez-faire leader

A  Groups tend to develop a more formal social structure.

B  Members tend to form more informal relationships.

C  Group members become more active in the decision-making process.

D  Group members feel more strongly bonded to each other.

A  Leisure time activities are the primary product of the society.

B  The transmission and use of information services dominates the work force.

C  High-efficiency production of food and fiber products is most prevalent.

D  The production of durable goods such as automobiles, refrigerators, and washing machines is the emphasis.

A  They would probably use physical punishment

B  They would offer verbal encouragement.

C  They would rely on reasoning with the child.

D  They would probably deny privileges and “ground” the child.

A  a manifest function of education

B  a manifest dysfunction of education

C  a latent dysfunction of U.S. education

D  a part of the hidden curriculum in U.S. schools

A  The self-concept begins at birth and concludes by age 5 or 6.

B  The self-concept begins when a child is able to reason and concludes at about age 18.

C  The self-concept begins prior to conception and concludes at birth.

D  The self-concept begins at birth and continues as a life-long process until death.

A  Identical twins will always exhibit similar behavior because their gene complement is identical.

B  Behavior is the result of genetic influences.

C  Environment has a significant influence on behavior, regardless of gene complement.

D  The father’s genetic influence is greater than the mother’s as a determinant of behavior.

A  a way to motivate young women to play video games

B  an example of pornography

C  a way to confuse children about their sexuality

D  the creation of a new stereotype of women as symbolic males

A  basic intelligence

B  biological makeup

C  strict discipline

D  intimate early social interaction

A  the ability to take the role of another

B  the influence of positive peers

C  an average or above-average IQ

D  a well-developed id

A  Sociologists reject the notion that personality develops in stages.

B  Sociologists object to the view that inborn and subconscious motivations are the primary reasons for human behavior.

C  Sociologists argue that Freud failed to study a wide range of subjects before developing his theory.

D  Sociologists disagree on the influence of the super ego as a balancing force of behavior.

A  The mother-child bond was based on the social class of the mother and not the hours the child spent in day care.

B  There was no relationship between mother-child bond and the hours a child spent in day care.

C  As the number of hours in day care increased, the bond was weaker between mother and child.

D  As the number of hours in day care increased, the bond was stronger between mother and child

A  buy him his own car and hold him to a higher standard of responsibility

B  call the police and have their son arrested to impress upon him the error of his ways

C  suspend Frank’s driving privileges for a month and discuss with Frank the dangers of drinking and driving

D  physically punish their son using a culturally approved method