Quiz 4

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Question #1

Wendy, a 4-year-old girl, decides to gift her father a teddy bear on his birthday because she likes teddy bears. She asks her elder brother to help her wrap the gift. She does not consider the fact that her father may not like the gift or have no use for it. In the context of cognitive development in early childhood, this scenario illustrates

A decentration.

B animism.

C egocentrism.

D conservation.

Question #2

When 4- and 5-year-olds scramble over jungle gyms and race their friends, they demonstrate their

A gross motor skills.

B reflective skills.

C cognitive skills.

D fine harboring skills.

Question #3

Jim, a 3-year-old boy, gets a box of colorful blocks as a birthday gift from his uncle. He is excited to see the gift and demands to play with the blocks immediately. In the context of physical and cognitive development in early childhood, when playing with the blocks, Jim is most likely to

A place each block on top of the other with intense concentration.

B find it impossible to pick up the blocks.

C stack each block on top of the other in a completely straight line.

D juggle all the blocks perfectly.

Question #4

Which of the following did Vygotsky call the “buds” or “flowers” of development?

A a child’s gross motor skills that are fully developed

B tasks a child can accomplish independently

C a child’s cognitive skills that are in the process of maturing

D intuitive thinking and rational thinking

Question #5

Sets of expectations that prescribe how females and males should think, act, and feel are known as gender

A roles.

B rules.

C expectancies.

D identities.

Question #6

Tom and Katie have recently split up, but for the benefit of their child, they attempt to provide one another support in jointly raising their child. This is an example of

A joint parenting.

B collaborative parenting.

C cooperative parenting.

D coparenting.

Question #7

Twice each month, Gini helps to serve dinner at the “Community Table,” a program that assists homeless people in the town. She brings her two children, aged nine and eleven, with her and talks to them about the need to share time, food, and kindness with others who are less fortunate. Social cognitive theorists would say that Gini’s children

A will not benefit from these experiences until they are teens.

B will fail to model their behavior to their mother’s unless they see some reward in it.

C are not likely to be impacted by this as their moral behavior is modeled on peers, not parents.

D are likely to develop moral behavior that includes helping others.

Question #8

Lucy frequently spanks her children, enforces rigid household rules, and exhibits rage toward them when those rules are broken. Her children are unhappy and have weak communication skills. Lucy also pressurizes them to eat when they are already full. In the context of Diana Baumrind’s parenting styles, Lucy is most likely a(n)

A indulgent parent.

B authoritative parent.

C authoritarian parent.

D neglectful parent.

Question #9

Researchers have found that in children from 3 to 6 years of age the most rapid growth takes place in the _____ lobe areas of the brain.

A frontal

B parietal

C occipital

D temporal

Question #10

According to Baumrind, a parent who is uninvolved in a child’s life, showing neither responsiveness nor control, is displaying a(n) _____ parenting style.

A neglectful

B authoritarian

C authoritative

D indulgent

Question #11

According to Freud, preschool boys develop a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent in a process called the

A Oedipus complex.

B Electra complex.

C Pygmalion effect.

D Golem effect.

Question #12

Brian is 2.5 years old. He dwells in his own imaginary world and represents objects that are not present. He often scribbles patterns on walls that represent cloud, trees, birds, and so on. Brian’s behavior indicates that he is in Piaget’s _____ of cognitive development.

A concrete operational stage

B symbolic function substage

C formal operational stage

D intuitive thought substage

Question #13

Laurie Kramer, who has conducted a number of research studies on siblings, says that

A intervening and helping children resolve sibling conflict are not good strategies.

B not intervening and letting sibling conflict escalate are not good strategies.

C it is best to let sibling conflicts escalate so that children learn coping strategies to handle anger and disagreement with peers.

D it is best to not intervene in sibling conflict and to allow the siblings to work it out on their own.

Question #14

In the context of the types of children’s play, the play in which infants engage in exploratory and playful visual and motor transactions in the second quarter of the first year of life is known as

A practice play.

B social play.

C constructive play.

D sensorimotor play.

Question #15

In the context of child maltreatment, which of the following would most likely constitute child neglect?

A fondling a child’s genitals

B commercial exploitation of a child

C beating a child

D allowing chronic truancy

Question #16

According to a research review by Bronstein (2006), which of the following statements is true of parental influences on children’s gender development?

A Fathers put more effort to promote sons’ intellectual development than daughters’.

B Mothers socialize their sons to be more obedient and responsible than their daughters.

C Mothers place more restrictions on sons’ autonomy than on daughters’.

D Fathers engage in more activities with their daughters than with their sons.

Question #17

Natalie is 4 years old. When she buttons her shirt, she talks to herself and describes the steps. This helps her in self-regulating and guiding her behavior. In the context of cognitive and physical development in early childhood, this scenario illustrates the concept of

A centration.

B belief perseverance.

C private speech.

D avolition.

Question #18

Research with the memory-span task suggests that

A memory span depends on one’s ethnic origin.

B long-term memory reaches maturation by early childhood.

C short-term memory increases during early childhood.

D heredity is one of the major factors affecting memory.

Question #19

Derek, a 4-year-old boy, is curious by nature and exhausts his parents with “why” questions. However, he is not able to comprehend ideas. His imagination does not resemble reality. Whenever he sees a rainbow, he believes that a fairy has painted it with watercolors. In the context of cognitive development in early childhood, this scenario illustrates

A the misinformation effect.

B the overjustification effect.

C Piaget’s sensorimotor stage.

D Piaget’s intuitive thought substage.

Question #20

Two current controversies in early childhood education involve

A the quality of inner-city schools and free education to all.

B Christian holidays for all and boarding schools.

C the use of corporal punishment in schools and the use of uniforms.

D the curriculum and universal preschool education in the United States.

Question #21

According to Vygotsky, which of the following educational strategies should be incorporated in classrooms?

A offering just enough assistance to a child to accomplish a task

B making each child responsible for his or her work without relying on peers or teachers for support

C discouraging distractions like self-talk or private talk

D formal, standardized tests to assess children’s learning

Question #22

Nurturing is a key aspect of _____, which emphasizes the education of the whole child and concern for his or her physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

A the Reggio Emilia approach

B developmentally appropriate practice

C the child-centered kindergarten

D the Montessori approach

Question #23

The children of _____ parents are better at soothing themselves when they get upset, are more effective in regulating their negative affect, focus their attention better, and have fewer behavior problems than the children of emotion-dismissing parents.

A emotion-independent

B emotion-encouraging

C emotion-facilitator

D emotion-coaching

Question #24

Four-year-old Nathan is good at stacking blocks to make tall structures. However, he knocks them down occasionally. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this?

A His coordination skills are not developing normally for his age.

B He is showing signs of dyslexia.

C His gross motor skills are underdeveloped.

D He tries to place each block perfectly on top of the other, upsetting those already stacked.

Question #25

The leading cause of death in young children in 2015 in the United States was

A accidents.

B domestic violence.

C heart disease.

D malnutrition.

Question #26

Critics of universal preschool education say that

A there is a lot of pressure on young children to achieve, and universal preschool education does not provide any opportunities to actively construct knowledge.

B it is more important to improve preschool education for young children who are disadvantaged than to fund preschool education for all 4-year-old children.

C quality preschools prepare children for school readiness and academic success.

D preschool programs decrease the likelihood that once children go to elementary and secondary school they will be retained in a grade or drop out of school.

Question #27

What are the two most important contributors to height differences among children all over the world?

A nationality and culture

B prenatal care and emotional challenges

C ethnic origin and nutrition

D education and exercise

Question #28

Damian’s parents fail to provide for his basic needs; he is often unfed and dirty when he gets to school. This constitutes

A child neglect.

B physical abuse.

C child inattention.

D mental injury.