Quiz 4

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Question #1

Wendy, a 4-year-old girl, decides to gift her father a teddy bear on his birthday because she likes teddy bears. She asks her elder brother to help her wrap the gift. She does not consider the fact that her father may not like the gift or have no use for it. In the context of cognitive development in early childhood, this scenario illustrates

A egocentrism.

B animism.

C conservation.

D decentration.

Question #2

When 4- and 5-year-olds scramble over jungle gyms and race their friends, they demonstrate their

A gross motor skills.

B cognitive skills.

C reflective skills.

D fine harboring skills.

Question #3

Jim, a 3-year-old boy, gets a box of colorful blocks as a birthday gift from his uncle. He is excited to see the gift and demands to play with the blocks immediately. In the context of physical and cognitive development in early childhood, when playing with the blocks, Jim is most likely to

A stack each block on top of the other in a completely straight line.

B find it impossible to pick up the blocks.

C place each block on top of the other with intense concentration.

D juggle all the blocks perfectly.

Question #4

Which of the following did Vygotsky call the “buds” or “flowers” of development?

A tasks a child can accomplish independently

B intuitive thinking and rational thinking

C a child’s cognitive skills that are in the process of maturing

D a child’s gross motor skills that are fully developed

Question #5

Sets of expectations that prescribe how females and males should think, act, and feel are known as gender

A identities.

B roles.

C expectancies.

D rules.

Question #6

Tom and Katie have recently split up, but for the benefit of their child, they attempt to provide one another support in jointly raising their child. This is an example of

A coparenting.

B collaborative parenting.

C cooperative parenting.

D joint parenting.

Question #7

Twice each month, Gini helps to serve dinner at the “Community Table,” a program that assists homeless people in the town. She brings her two children, aged nine and eleven, with her and talks to them about the need to share time, food, and kindness with others who are less fortunate. Social cognitive theorists would say that Gini’s children

A are likely to develop moral behavior that includes helping others.

B will not benefit from these experiences until they are teens.

C are not likely to be impacted by this as their moral behavior is modeled on peers, not parents.

D will fail to model their behavior to their mother’s unless they see some reward in it.

Question #8

Lucy frequently spanks her children, enforces rigid household rules, and exhibits rage toward them when those rules are broken. Her children are unhappy and have weak communication skills. Lucy also pressurizes them to eat when they are already full. In the context of Diana Baumrind’s parenting styles, Lucy is most likely a(n)

A neglectful parent.

B authoritative parent.

C authoritarian parent.

D indulgent parent.

Question #9

Researchers have found that in children from 3 to 6 years of age the most rapid growth takes place in the _____ lobe areas of the brain.

A temporal

B parietal

C occipital

D frontal

Question #10

According to Baumrind, a parent who is uninvolved in a child’s life, showing neither responsiveness nor control, is displaying a(n) _____ parenting style.

A neglectful

B indulgent

C authoritative

D authoritarian

Question #11

According to Freud, preschool boys develop a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent in a process called the

A Golem effect.

B Electra complex.

C Pygmalion effect.

D Oedipus complex.

Question #12

Brian is 2.5 years old. He dwells in his own imaginary world and represents objects that are not present. He often scribbles patterns on walls that represent cloud, trees, birds, and so on. Brian’s behavior indicates that he is in Piaget’s _____ of cognitive development.

A intuitive thought substage

B formal operational stage

C symbolic function substage

D concrete operational stage

Question #13

Laurie Kramer, who has conducted a number of research studies on siblings, says that

A it is best to not intervene in sibling conflict and to allow the siblings to work it out on their own.

B intervening and helping children resolve sibling conflict are not good strategies.

C it is best to let sibling conflicts escalate so that children learn coping strategies to handle anger and disagreement with peers.

D not intervening and letting sibling conflict escalate are not good strategies.

Question #14

In the context of the types of children’s play, the play in which infants engage in exploratory and playful visual and motor transactions in the second quarter of the first year of life is known as

A practice play.

B social play.

C constructive play.

D sensorimotor play.

Question #15

In the context of child maltreatment, which of the following would most likely constitute child neglect?

A beating a child

B allowing chronic truancy

C commercial exploitation of a child

D fondling a child’s genitals

Question #16

According to a research review by Bronstein (2006), which of the following statements is true of parental influences on children’s gender development?

A Fathers engage in more activities with their daughters than with their sons.

B Mothers socialize their sons to be more obedient and responsible than their daughters.

C Fathers put more effort to promote sons’ intellectual development than daughters’.

D Mothers place more restrictions on sons’ autonomy than on daughters’.

Question #17

Natalie is 4 years old. When she buttons her shirt, she talks to herself and describes the steps. This helps her in self-regulating and guiding her behavior. In the context of cognitive and physical development in early childhood, this scenario illustrates the concept of

A belief perseverance.

B private speech.

C avolition.

D centration.

Question #18

Research with the memory-span task suggests that

A heredity is one of the major factors affecting memory.

B long-term memory reaches maturation by early childhood.

C short-term memory increases during early childhood.

D memory span depends on one’s ethnic origin.

Question #19

Derek, a 4-year-old boy, is curious by nature and exhausts his parents with “why” questions. However, he is not able to comprehend ideas. His imagination does not resemble reality. Whenever he sees a rainbow, he believes that a fairy has painted it with watercolors. In the context of cognitive development in early childhood, this scenario illustrates

A the misinformation effect.

B Piaget’s sensorimotor stage.

C Piaget’s intuitive thought substage.

D the overjustification effect.

Question #20

Two current controversies in early childhood education involve

A the curriculum and universal preschool education in the United States.

B Christian holidays for all and boarding schools.

C the use of corporal punishment in schools and the use of uniforms.

D the quality of inner-city schools and free education to all.

Question #21

According to Vygotsky, which of the following educational strategies should be incorporated in classrooms?

A discouraging distractions like self-talk or private talk

B making each child responsible for his or her work without relying on peers or teachers for support

C offering just enough assistance to a child to accomplish a task

D formal, standardized tests to assess children’s learning

Question #22

Nurturing is a key aspect of _____, which emphasizes the education of the whole child and concern for his or her physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

A developmentally appropriate practice

B the child-centered kindergarten

C the Reggio Emilia approach

D the Montessori approach

Question #23

The children of _____ parents are better at soothing themselves when they get upset, are more effective in regulating their negative affect, focus their attention better, and have fewer behavior problems than the children of emotion-dismissing parents.

A emotion-coaching

B emotion-encouraging

C emotion-independent

D emotion-facilitator

Question #24

Four-year-old Nathan is good at stacking blocks to make tall structures. However, he knocks them down occasionally. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this?

A He tries to place each block perfectly on top of the other, upsetting those already stacked.

B His coordination skills are not developing normally for his age.

C He is showing signs of dyslexia.

D His gross motor skills are underdeveloped.

Question #25

The leading cause of death in young children in 2015 in the United States was

A domestic violence.

B heart disease.

C accidents.

D malnutrition.

Question #26

Critics of universal preschool education say that

A there is a lot of pressure on young children to achieve, and universal preschool education does not provide any opportunities to actively construct knowledge.

B preschool programs decrease the likelihood that once children go to elementary and secondary school they will be retained in a grade or drop out of school.

C quality preschools prepare children for school readiness and academic success.

D it is more important to improve preschool education for young children who are disadvantaged than to fund preschool education for all 4-year-old children.

Question #27

What are the two most important contributors to height differences among children all over the world?

A nationality and culture

B education and exercise

C ethnic origin and nutrition

D prenatal care and emotional challenges

Question #28

Damian’s parents fail to provide for his basic needs; he is often unfed and dirty when he gets to school. This constitutes

A mental injury.

B physical abuse.

C child neglect.

D child inattention.