Quiz 3

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Question #1

_____ has been the most consistent predictor of a secure attachment.

A Extraversion

B Uninhibited disposition

C Genetic predisposition

D Parental sensitivity

Question #2

Tara holds her two-month-old daughter, Sonia, close to her, makes eye contact, and smiles and sings softly to her. Tara is engaging in

A parallel play.

B face-to-face play.

C imitation.

D joint attention.

Question #3

_____ refers to the match between a child’s temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with.

A Reciprocal socialization

B Secure attachment

C Social referencing

D Goodness of fit

Question #4

While scooting on the floor, baby Giovanni fell down the stairs. If he can no longer see, it is likely that the _____ lobe of his brain was damaged.

A frontal

B occipital

C parietal

D temporal

Question #5

When people become parents through pregnancy, adoption, or step-parenting, they face _____ and must adapt.

A disequilibrium

B equilibrium

C disturbance

D symmetry

Question #6

Which of the following reflexes is most likely to occur when something touches an infant’s palms?

A the sucking reflex

B the grasping reflex

C the Moro reflex

D the rooting reflex

Question #7

Baby Jane, a three-day-old infant, is shown four drawings: a bright blue square, a white oval, a yellow circle, and a drawing of a face. According to Robert Fantz’s visual preference method, which drawing would she probably prefer to look at for a longer time?

A the bright blue square

B the yellow circle

C the drawing of a face

D the white oval

Question #8

Two-month-old Trey is crying loudly. It is a sudden long, initial loud cry followed by breath holding. This type of cry indicates that Trey is

A experiencing embarrassment.

B very angry.

C experiencing pain.

D very hungry.

Question #9

According to Bowlby’s conceptualization of attachment, which of the following occurs during phase 3?

A Attachment becomes focused on one figure, usually the primary caregiver, as the baby gradually learns to distinguish familiar from unfamiliar people.

B Strangers, siblings, and parents are equally likely to elicit smiling or crying from the infant.

C With increased locomotor skills, babies actively seek contact with regular caregivers, such as the mother or father.

D Children become aware of others’ feelings, goals, and plans and begin to take these into account in forming their own actions.

Question #10

The interpretation of sensory information is called

A sensation.

B transition.

C reception.

D perception.

Question #11

Fantz’s research method to study sensory and perceptual development—studying whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to different stimuli—is referred to as the

A habituation and dishabituation method.

B orienting response and tracking method.

C high-amplitude sucking method.

D visual preference method.

Question #12

Which of the following statements is true of the forebrain?

A It consists of the medulla, cerebellum, and pons.

B It includes the tectum, the tegmentum, and the cerebral peduncles.

C It insulates axons and helps electrical signals travel faster down the axon.

D It is the portion of the brain that is farthest from the spinal cord.

Question #13

_____ motor skills are skills that involve large-muscle activities, such as moving one’s arms and walking.

A Major

B Learned

C Gross

D Fine

Question #14

In the Strange Situation, Latoya basically ignored her mother, was not upset when she left the room, and did not seek her out when she returned. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as being

A insecure antisocial.

B securely attached.

C insecure resistant.

D insecure avoidant.

Question #15

_____ is a dynamic process that is linked with sensory information in the skin, joints, and muscles, which tell us where we are in space; in vestibular organs in the inner ear that regulate balance and equilibrium; and in vision and hearing.

A Reflexive behavior

B Posture

C Alignment

D Cognitive development

Question #16

Whenever baby Beth hears a loud noise, she responds with the _____ reflex, where she arches her back, throws back her head, flings out her arms and legs, and then rapidly closes her arms and legs.

A rooting

B fencing

C Moro

D grasping

Question #17

Which of the following is most likely to allow information to pass from neuron to neuron?

A the chemical interactions in synapses that connect axons and dendrites

B the ferrying of information across neurotransmitters by a synapse

C the release of neurotransmitters into the cell body of a neuron by terminal buttons

D the formation of a layer of fat cells that encases many axons

Question #18

Infant nighttime waking problems have consistently been linked to

A extrinsic factors such as high levels of traffic noise.

B intrinsic factors such as an alcoholic mother.

C excessive parental involvement in sleep-related interactions with the infant.

D parental negligence with regard to sleep-related interactions with the infant.

Question #19

Child-directed speech is the

A unique way that parents (and others) talk to babies.

B special way parents speak to each other in front of their children.

C continual correcting of children’s syntax by parents.

D ability of parents to understand their children’s holographic speech.

Question #20

According to Erikson, _____ are key to establishing a basic sense of trust in infants.

A contact comfort and feeding

B feeding and physical comfort

C physical comfort and sensitive care

D oral satisfaction and physical comfort

Question #21

Amy is a 5-month-old baby girl. She tends to smile and become comfortable when her mother picks her up. However, when she sees an unknown face, she gets upset and cries for her mother. Which of the following phases of Bowlby’s conceptualization of attachment is Amy currently in?

A phase 2

B phase 1

C phase 4

D phase 3

Question #22

Ryan is father to an 11-month-old baby boy. He loves spending time with his son when he is back from work. Which of the following activities is he most likely to engage in with his son?

A rough-and-tumble play

B reciprocal socialization

C peek-a-boo games

D pat-a-cake games

Question #23

Carla and Mike are discussing secure attachment in infancy. Carla believes that secure attachment in an infant’s life provides an important foundation for psychological development that occurs later in life. She strongly feels that there is enough evidence to support this. However, Mike rejects her view. Which of the following statements, if true, supports Mike’s view?

A It has been proven that social agents and contexts seldom influence an infant’s secure attachment and thereby later development.

B It has been observed and proven in all cultures that secure attachment is the least common factor to influence an infant’s later development.

C Studies have shown that a mother’s negative emotional reactions (anger and anxiety) to her infant’s crying do not have an effect either on the child’s attachment security or on the child’s psychological development later in life.

D Biologically based factors such as genes and temperament have not been given adequate consideration on how they influence an infant’s secure attachment and thereby later development.

Question #24

The fear of strangers peaks

A toward the end of the first year of life.

B toward the middle of the second year of life.

C in the first three months after birth.

D in the first six months after birth.

Question #25

Sakura isn’t a particularly active child, and he tends to be wary of new situations and people. Although he doesn’t cry, he dislikes dealing with novel situations. According to Thomas and Chess, he would be classified as

A an easy child.

B a slow-to-warm-up child.

C a slow child.

D a difficult child.