Chapter 1 Test The Nature of Morality

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Question #1

One of the major characteristics of an organization is the shared acceptance of organizational rules by its members.

A True

B False

Question #2

Ethical relativism is the theory that what is right is determined by what a culture or society says is right.

A False

B True

Question #3

Moral standards concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to human welfare.

A True

B False

Question #4

If an argument is valid, then

A its conclusion must be true, if its premises are.

B the argument’s conclusion must be true.

C the argument’s premises are true.

D the argument is sound.

Question #5

Our conscience probably developed as we internalized the moral instructions of the parents or other authority figures who raised us as children.

A False

B True

Question #6

Bystander apathy appears to result in part from diffusion of responsibility.

A True

B False

Question #7

There are four basic kinds of law: statutes, regulations, common law, and constitutional law.

A False

B True

Question #8

Moral attitudes are best depicted by which of the following?

A Moral standards typically concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to human welfare.

B As long as your conduct is legal, then it will be moral.

C If you follow the rules of etiquette, your conduct will be moral.

D There is no distinction between morality in a broad sense and morality in a narrow sense.

Question #9

An argument is a group of statements, one of which is claimed to follow from the others.

A False

B True

Question #10

When ethical relativism is put into practice, it implies that

A societies never share any moral values in common.

B as societies evolve, their morality improves.

C in ethics, sometimes the minority is right.

D we cannot say that slavery is wrong if the society in question believes it is right.

Question #11

Good moral judgments should be logical and

A always coincide with what most scientifically trained people think.

B based on facts and acceptable moral principles.

C completely beyond rational doubt.

D always based on religion.

Question #12

Morality and self-interest

A always boil down to the same thing.

B can never come into genuine conflict.

C are always in basic, irreconcilable conflict.

D can sometimes conflict.

Question #13

For philosophers, the important question is not how we come to have the particular moral principles we have, but whether we can justify them.

A False

B True

Question #14

The famous experiments by social psychologist Solomon Asch show

A business organizations put more pressure on individual integrity than do other kinds of organization.

B the truth of utilitarianism.

C the power of peer pressure has been greatly exaggerated.

D even temporary groups can pressure people to conform.

Question #15

Ethical relativism supports the theory that:

A what is right is determined by what a culture or society says is right.

B different societies have similar ideas about right and wrong.

C there are no moral values whatsoever.

D morality is relative to the goal of promoting human well-being.

Question #16

Choose the statement that gives the most accurate description of etiquette:

A the rules of etiquette are backed by statutory law

B the rules of etiquette are a fundamental branch of morality

C conformity with the rules of etiquette is sufficient for moral conduct

D etiquette refers to any special code of social behavior or courtesy

Question #17

Business ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong, or good and bad, regarding human conduct in a business context.

A True

B False

Question #18

Our relationship with the law is best described by which of the following?

A To a significant extent, law codifies a society’s customs, norms, and moral values.

B The law makes all immoral conduct illegal.

C The law is a completely adequate guide to the moral standards that we should follow.

D Violating the law is always immoral.

Question #19

According to divine command theory, if stealing is wrong then this is because:

A Our reason determines stealing to be wrong.

B Stealing is wrong only because God commands us not to steal.

C God forbids stealing because stealing is already wrong to start with.

D God leaves right and wrong up to humanity.

Question #20

If your conduct is legal, it will also always be moral.

A False

B True

Question #21

Organizational norms always and inevitably lead to groupthink.

A False

B True

Question #22

An argument is valid only if all its premises are true.

A True

B False

Question #23

For philosophers, the most important issue is not where our moral principles came from, but:

A the legal basis for acting morally

B whether those moral principles can be justified

C to what extent religion influences people’s moral beliefs

D how we acquired the beliefs we have

Question #24

The paradox of hedonism (or the paradox of selfishness) is that people who are exclusively concerned with their own interests tend to have happier and more satisfying lives than those who are concerned about other people.

A False

B True

Question #25

According to Tom Regan, our considered moral beliefs are those we hold only after we have made a conscientious effort (a) to attain maximum conceptual clarity, (b) to acquire all relevant information, (c) to think about the belief and its implications rationally, impartially, cooly, and (d) with the benefit of reflection.

A True

B False

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Chapter 1 Test The Nature of Morality

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