Final Exam

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Question #1

Water pollution that occurs through the runoff, seepage, or falling of pollutants into the water is:

A nonpoint source pollution.

B secondary pollutants.

C point source pollution.

D thermal inversion.

Question #2

Tobacco smoke inhaled and exhaled by the smoker is referred to as:

A sidestream smoke.

B passive smoke.

C mainstream smoke.

D None of these is correct.

Question #3

The practice of establishing and maintaining healthy or hygienic conditions in the environment is:

A sanitation.

B environmental health.

C watershed.

D RCRA.

Question #4

The most desirable form of integrated waste management is:

A combustion.

B source reduction.

C reuse.

D recycling.

Question #5

The EPA regulates the registration and labeling of pesticides.

A True

B False

Question #6

The average U.S. resident uses an average of how much water each day?

A 120 to 150 gallons

B 80 to 100 gallons

C 20 to 40 gallons

D 5 to 10 gallons

Question #7

Solid waste with properties that make it dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment is classified as municipal waste.

A False

B True

Question #8

Protecting the public from foodborne disease outbreaks lies solely with local government health agencies.

A False

B True

Question #9

Porous, water-saturated layers of underground bedrock, sand, and gravel that can yield economically significant amounts of water are referred to as:

A aquifers.

B groundwater.

C surface water.

D leachates.

Question #10

Most municipal solid waste comes from:

A glass.

B plastics.

C paper.

D yard trimmings.

Question #11

Gases and particulates generated by burning are referred to as combustion by-products.

A True

B False

Question #12

Factors or conditions in the environment that increase the risk of human injury, disease, or death are environmental hazards.

A False

B True

Question #13

Brown smog is formed primarily by sulfur dioxide and suspended solid particles.

A True

B False

Question #14

Agents, usually chemicals, that cause cancer are referred to as ozone.

A False

B True

Question #15

A condition that occurs when warm air traps cooler air at the surface of the earth is greenhouse gases.

A False

B True

Question #16

Today, the majority of Americans are referred to as white, non-Hispanic.

A False

B True

Question #17

The three types of power associated with empowerment are social, political, and environmental.

A True

B False

Question #18

The population with the lowest high school completion rates is:

A white Americans.

B Asian Americans.

C Hispanic Americans.

D black Americans.

Question #19

The median income for black Americans has consistently ranked lower than all racial and ethnic groups in the United States.

A True

B False

Question #20

The concept that describes how race, class, gender, and other individual characteristics overlap is:

A diversity.

B intersectionality.

C ethnocentrism.

D cultural and linguistic competence.

Question #21

The concept of balance related to health and imbalance related to disease is a belief of:

A Asian Americans.

B Hispanics.

C American Indians.

D black Americans.

Question #22

Social determinants of health do not have a significant role in the association of race and ethnicity with health and life expectancy.

A True

B False

Question #23

People who flee one area or country to seek shelter or protection from danger in another are referred to as:

A immigrants.

B refugees.

C illegal aliens.

D aliens.

Question #24

People of Hawaii, Guam, and Samoa are referred to as:

A Asian Americans.

B American Indians.

C Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders.

D white Americans.

Question #25

Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) Americans are considered a unique racial group according to the U.S. government and how it defines groups of people.

A True

B False

Question #26

Individuals who migrate from one country to another for the purpose of seeking permanent residence are referred to as:

A aliens.

B illegal aliens.

C refugees.

D immigrants.

Question #27

For all racial groups, poverty rates are highest for black Americans.

A True

B False

Question #28

Black, non-Hispanic Americans have an infant mortality rate that is consistently higher than that of their white counterparts.

A False

B True

Question #29

Asian Americans are generally concentrated in the:

A Canadian border states.

B midwestern states.

C western states.

D southeastern states.

Question #30

A myth of common ancestry is a main feature of:

A culture.

B None of these is correct.

C race.

D ethnicity.

Question #31

The years of life between the ages of 10 and 64 are considered some of the most productive years of people’s lives.

A False

B True

Question #32

The two factors affecting community health that need special attention when dealing with health problems of adolescents and young adults are community organizing and physical factors.

A True

B False

Question #33

The transition from adolescence to young adulthood is considered to be a relatively easy transition for most.

A False

B True

Question #34

The racial/ethnic group of high school students most likely to report current cigarette usage is:

A black Americans.

B white Americans.

C Asian Americans.

D Hispanic Americans.

Question #35

The percentage of children younger than 18 living in a single-parent family has been decreasing ever since 1965.

A True

B False

Question #36

The diseases that cause considerable morbidity in adolescents and young adults are:

A autoimmune diseases.

B lung diseases.

C sexually transmitted diseases.

D heart diseases.

Question #37

Self-reported behavior risk data on adults is collected through:

A the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

B the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System.

C Monitoring the Future.

D the National College Health Assessment.

Question #38

School connectedness is an example of:

A a risk factor.

B None of these is correct.

C a protective factor.

D social skills training.

Question #39

Over the last several decades, the death rate for adolescents and young adults has significantly increased.

A True

B False

Question #40

Obesity in the United States is considered an epidemic.

A False

B True

Question #41

Most of the physical threat to health for adolescents and young adults stems from:

A disease.

B genetics.

C social class.

D behavior.

Question #42

Mortality during adult years of life is primarily characterized by chronic diseases stemming from poor health behaviors and poor lifestyle choices made during the earlier years of life.

A False

B True

Question #43

Adults are categorized as those ages 25 to 64 years.

A False

B True

Question #44

Adolescents and young adults are classified as those ages:

A 18 to 24 years.

B 12 to 20 years.

C 10 to 24 years.

D 12 to 21 years.

Question #45

A critical period in life during which many health-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors are adopted and challenged is:

A adolescence and young adulthood.

B older adulthood.

C childhood.

D adulthood.

Question #46

Unintended pregnancy is more likely than intended pregnancy to result in early prenatal care.

A True

B False

Question #47

Title V is the only federal legislation dedicated to promoting and improving the health of our nation’s mothers and children.

A False

B True

Question #48

The United States leads the industrialized world in teen pregnancy and birth rates by a large margin.

A False

B True

Question #49

The process of determining the preferred number and spacing of children in one’s family and choosing the appropriate means to achieve this preference is defined as:

A maternal health.

B family planning.

C infant morbidity.

D prenatal care.

Question #50

The primary unit in which infants and children are nurtured and supported regarding their healthy development is the:

A family.

B Children’s Defense Fund.

C Maternal and Child Health Bureau.

D WIC program.

Question #51

The neonatal mortality period is death that occurs up to:

A 1 year after birth.

B 7 days after birth.

C 28 days after birth.

D 6 months after birth.

Question #52

The mortality rates of children have gone down significantly in the past couple of decades.

A True

B False

Question #53

The leading cause of mortality in children is:

A unintentional injuries.

B maltreatment.

C None of these is correct.

D infectious diseases.

Question #54

Sleeping on the back rather than the stomach greatly increases the risk of SIDS among healthy, full-term infants.

A True

B False

Question #55

Infants born 39 weeks or later are less likely to:

A be able to suck and swallow appropriately.

B have problems with vision and hearing.

C None of these is correct.

D gain adequate weight before delivery.

Question #56

Groups at higher risk of unintended pregnancy are:

A those with advanced education.

B those in a long-standing marriage.

C those living in poverty.

D older women.

Question #57

A teenage mother is at greater risk for pregnancy complications than a mother older than 20 years of age.

A True

B False

Question #58

Approximately one-half of pregnancies in the United States are unintended.

A True

B False

Question #59

An infant death is the death of a child younger than:

A 6 months.

B 2 years.

C 2 months.

D 1 year.

Question #60

When using criteria of causation, the criterion that addresses the issue of whether the association has been reported in a variety of people, has been exposed in a variety of settings, and can have repeatable results by other researchers is:

A consistency.

B temporality.

C specificity.

D strength.

Question #61

The rate of an illness in a population is the natality rate.

A True

B False

Question #62

The number of years of healthy life expected, on average, in a given population is the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

A True

B False

Question #63

The number of events that occur in a given population in a given period of time is a:

A notifiable disease.

B pandemic.

C rate.

D case.

Question #64

The average number of years a person from a specific cohort is projected to live from a given point in time is his or her life expectancy.

A False

B True

Question #65

Studies that seek to describe the extent of disease in regard to person, time, and place are:

A observational studies.

B descriptive studies.

C analytic studies.

D case/control studies.

Question #66

Sometimes notifiable diseases are not reported to the local health department because patients recover without a diagnosis being confirmed.

A False

B True

Question #67

A primary care physician is concerned with the course of a disease in an individual, whereas an epidemiologist is concerned with the course of disease in a population.

A True

B False

Question #68

An unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related event in a particular population is defined as a pandemic.

A True

B False

Question #69

An epidemic curve depicting a distribution of cases traceable to multiple sources of exposure is a:

A descriptive study.

B propagated epidemic curve.

C case control study.

D point source epidemic curve.

Question #70

An attack rate is an incidence rate calculated for a particular population for a single disease outbreak and is expressed as a percentage.

A False

B True

Question #71

A disease that lasts 3 months or less is a chronic disease.

A False

B True

Question #72

Which agency maintains records, analyzes disease trends, and publishes epidemiological reports on all types of diseases?

A Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

B Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

C National Institutes of Health (NIH)

D Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

Question #73

Voluntary health agencies were created in Europe.

A False

B True

Question #74

The power to arrest someone who refuses to undergo treatment for a communicable disease lies with a:

A member of the local board of health.

B local health officer.

C scientist within the NIH.

D community health nurse.

Question #75

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is an institute under the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

A True

B False

Question #76

The Department of Health and Human Services is the only entity under the federal government that plays a role in our nation’s health.

A True

B False

Question #77

The contributions of religious groups to community health have been:

A relatively ineffective in the past 100 years.

B substantial.

C minimal.

D expensive.

Question #78

Raising money to fund their programs, providing education, providing service to those affected, and advocating are the basic objectives of:

A professional health organizations.

B philanthropic foundations.

C voluntary health agencies.

D social, service, and religious organizations.

Question #79

Philanthropic foundations spend most of their efforts on fundraising.

A True

B False

Question #80

One of the World Health Organization’s most noteworthy achievements was helping to eradicate smallpox.

A True

B False

Question #81

Nongovernmental health agencies are funded primarily by:

A grants from the state health department.

B tax dollars.

C private donations.

D fees for services.

Question #82

Local health departments are responsible for restaurant inspections.

A False

B True

Question #83

Historically, communities have always taken aggressive actions to deal with health issues.

A False

B True

Question #84

Highly organized and developed resources in our national institutions and organizations can be a hindrance for communities to respond effectively to their own problems.

A True

B False

Question #85

An example of a quasi-governmental health organization is:

A the National Science Foundation.

B the American Cancer Society.

C the National Institutes of Health.

D a county health department.

Question #86

Agencies that are funded primarily through tax dollars are referred to as:

A governmental agencies.

B professional associations.

C voluntary agencies.

D philanthropic foundations.

Question #87

Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle drew attention to the plight of immigrants in the meatpacking industry.

A False

B True

Question #88

Twenty-first century community health concerns include:

A healthcare delivery.

B environmental problems.

C lifestyle diseases.

D All of these are correct.

Question #89

The Shattuck report marked the beginning of the:

A modern era of public health.

B health resource development period.

C eighteenth century.

D implementation of Healthy People 2030 efforts.

Question #90

There has been no evidence of community health activities dating back over 1,000 years.

A False

B True

Question #91

The leading causes of death in the United States today are communicable diseases.

A False

B True

Question #92

The goal of the Hill-Burton Act in 1946 was to enhance the quality of:

A hospitals.

B health departments.

C the military.

D Medicare.

Question #93

The first professional preparation program for health educators began during which period of the twentieth century?

A The 1920s

B Reform phase

C World War II

D Period of social engineering

Question #94

The beginning of government’s major involvement in social issues, including health, was marked by:

A the Hill-Burton Act in 1946.

B U.S. involvement in World War II.

C the Social Security Act of 1935.

D the establishment of Medicare in 1965.

Question #95

Physical factors affecting community health include geography, community size, and industrial development.

A False

B True

Question #96

Individuals with lower socioeconomic status have poorer health status.

A True

B False

Question #97

Healthcare delivery is a twenty-first-century public health concern.

A False

B True

Question #98

Choosing to eat wisely, wearing a seat belt, and visiting the physician are examples of community/public health activities.

A True

B False

Question #99

Actions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions in which people can be healthy can occur is termed:

A population health.

B health.

C public health.

D community health.

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