Final Exam

A  flinching and jerking away

B  taking a shower

C  pain repetition

D  sound of the toilet flushing

A  variable-interval

B  fixed-ratio

C  fixed-interval

D  variable-ratio

A  an unconditioned response

B  positive reinforcement

C  a conditioned response

D  negative reinforcement

A  negative reinforcement

B  operant conditioning

C  classical conditioning

D  spontaneous recovery

A  gets a placebo drug, but no counseling

B  gets no treatment at all

C  gets a placebo drug as well as weekly counseling

D  gets counseling instead of any drugs

A  naturalistic observation

B  correlational design

C  replication

D  random sampling

A  the need to keep the results of research from the participants.

B  loss of future research possibilities.

C  invasion of privacy.

D  morality of the question under investigation.

A  psychologists must always avoid deception with using human subjects.

B  all psychological harm to subjects must be corrected by counseling.

C  all data collected from a person must be made public.

D  psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject’s mental and physical health.

A  report vivid dreams if awakened at this time.

B  all of these

C  exhibit darting of the eyes underneath the closed eye lids.

D  show the brain wave patterns of an awake brain.

A  the relative importance of heredity and environment.

B  the use of a chronological versus a longitudinal approach.

C  the extent to which development is continuous or discontinuous

D  the difference between developmental and chronological age.

A  receptor sites.

B  neurotransmitters.

C  transmission ions.

D  pheromones

A  confirmation bias

B  an availability heuristic

C  mental set

D  functional fixedness

A  veterinary

B  evolutionary

C  biological

D  behavioral

A  faulty parental rewards and punishments.

B  inherited predispositions.

C  a lack of moral values in contemporary society.

D  early childhood experiences and family relationships.

A  socio-cultural

B  evolutionary

C  behaviorist

D  cognitive

A  thinking that females are likely to be bad drivers

B  not awarding scholarships to students intending to go to a community college  because you think community college students are not likely to finish their degrees.

C  not hiring someone to work for you because they use a wheelchair.

D  hiring someone only because s/he is in the same sorority/fraternity as you are

A  cultural differences in the care of prisoners.

B  bystander apathy.

C  the behavior of some of the prison guards at Abu Ghraib.

D  the importance of obedience in the military environment.

A  post-traumatic stress disorder.

B  traumatic stressors.

C  being in the exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

D  emotional stress overload.

A  a behavioral theorist; practicing systematic desensitization

B  a psychodynamic theorist; practicing psychoanalysis

C  a cognitive theorist; practicing rational-emotive therapy

D  a humanistic theorist; practicing client-centered therapy

A  encoding

B  Storage

C  retrieval

D  inference

A  Riggio, Heidi, & Garcia, Amber (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown
and the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

B  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

C  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

D  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

A  experimentation

B  naturalistic observation

C  the survey method

D  the case study method

A  the presentation of food in the dog’s mouth.

B  a tone.

C  salivation to the sound of a metronome/bell.

D  salivation to the food in the mouth.

A  Panic attacks

B  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

C  Depression

D  Schizophrenia

A  interdependent

B  collectivist

C  naturalist

D  individualist

A  the deterministic nature of human environments.

B  stimulus-response relationships in humans.

C  unconscious motivations and biochemical processes.

D  that human nature is positive and that people are inclined to grow.

A  Jean Piaget

B  Karen Horney

C  Lawrence Kohlberg

D  Lev Vygotsky

A  Culture-neutral IQ tests

B  Culture-fair IQ tests

C  Culturally balanced IQ tests

D  Abstract reasoning IQ tests

A  three items.

B  unlimited.

C  seven plus or minus 9 items

D  one million items.

A  superego

B  ego

C  id

D  unconscious

A  prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychoanalysis using biomedical therapy.

B  uses a combination of psychological theories, methods, and therapeutic approaches.

C  emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.

D  prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.

A  a “split mind”

B  delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal psychomotor behavior

C  alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism

D  periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence

A  is one that has found significant statistical results

B  has been evaluated before publication by other researchers in the same field

C  has been written by someone with a Ph.D.

D  is one for which the author has been paid

A  results

B  Abstract

C  description of the entire article means that Behjat is writing the article’s ______ .

D  discussion

E  introduction

A  description.

B  prediction.

C  control.

D  explanation.

A  independent; dependent

B  dependent; independent

C  dependent; dependent

D  independent; independent

A  cognitive

B  humanistic

C  biological

D  psychoanalytic

A  correlations cannot prove cause and effect.

B  there is no experimental group to compare with.

C  violence runs in families.

D  there is no control group.

A  Selye

B  Maslow

C  Milgram

D  Bandura

A  Culture plays a role in definitions of intelligence.

B  Culture influences biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

C  It really isn’t that important; all human beings are the same.

D  Culture influences and interacts with the therapeutic process.

A  Maslow

B  Piaget

C  Pavlov

D  Skinner

A  Darwin

B  Skinner

C  Piaget

D  Freud

A  All of these are ethically problematic in contemporary psychology.

B  Institutional Review Boards did not exist to review his study prior to its commencement.

C  Milgram did not properly debrief his participants.

D  Milgram deceived his participants.

A  aggressive, persistent, and intentional

B  selfish, habitual, and avoidable

C  deviance, distress, and dysfunction

D  biological influences, unconscious motivations, and difficult to change

A  shaping

B  stimulus generalization

C  secondary reinforcement

D  spontaneous recovery.

A  control

B  survey

C  experimental

D  correlational

A  because he was afraid of the rat in the beginning

B  because psychologists cannot intentionally instill fear in a human subject

C  because it is an example of operant conditioning

D  because the experimenters John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor were bad people

A  correlational method

B  naturalistic observation

C  the case study approach

D  experimental research