Final Exam

A  flinching and jerking away

B  pain repetition

C  sound of the toilet flushing

D  taking a shower

A  fixed-ratio

B  variable-interval

C  variable-ratio

D  fixed-interval

A  positive reinforcement

B  an unconditioned response

C  a conditioned response

D  negative reinforcement

A  classical conditioning

B  negative reinforcement

C  operant conditioning

D  spontaneous recovery

A  gets no treatment at all

B  gets a placebo drug as well as weekly counseling

C  gets a placebo drug, but no counseling

D  gets counseling instead of any drugs

A  random sampling

B  correlational design

C  replication

D  naturalistic observation

A  invasion of privacy.

B  loss of future research possibilities.

C  the need to keep the results of research from the participants.

D  morality of the question under investigation.

A  all data collected from a person must be made public.

B  psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject’s mental and physical health.

C  psychologists must always avoid deception with using human subjects.

D  all psychological harm to subjects must be corrected by counseling.

A  exhibit darting of the eyes underneath the closed eye lids.

B  report vivid dreams if awakened at this time.

C  all of these

D  show the brain wave patterns of an awake brain.

A  the use of a chronological versus a longitudinal approach.

B  the extent to which development is continuous or discontinuous

C  the difference between developmental and chronological age.

D  the relative importance of heredity and environment.

A  neurotransmitters.

B  transmission ions.

C  pheromones

D  receptor sites.

A  confirmation bias

B  mental set

C  an availability heuristic

D  functional fixedness

A  evolutionary

B  behavioral

C  biological

D  veterinary

A  faulty parental rewards and punishments.

B  a lack of moral values in contemporary society.

C  inherited predispositions.

D  early childhood experiences and family relationships.

A  behaviorist

B  socio-cultural

C  cognitive

D  evolutionary

A  not awarding scholarships to students intending to go to a community college  because you think community college students are not likely to finish their degrees.

B  thinking that females are likely to be bad drivers

C  not hiring someone to work for you because they use a wheelchair.

D  hiring someone only because s/he is in the same sorority/fraternity as you are

A  bystander apathy.

B  the behavior of some of the prison guards at Abu Ghraib.

C  cultural differences in the care of prisoners.

D  the importance of obedience in the military environment.

A  post-traumatic stress disorder.

B  traumatic stressors.

C  being in the exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

D  emotional stress overload.

A  a behavioral theorist; practicing systematic desensitization

B  a humanistic theorist; practicing client-centered therapy

C  a cognitive theorist; practicing rational-emotive therapy

D  a psychodynamic theorist; practicing psychoanalysis

A  Storage

B  inference

C  retrieval

D  encoding

A  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

B  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

C  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

D  Riggio, Heidi, & Garcia, Amber (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown
and the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

A  the survey method

B  the case study method

C  experimentation

D  naturalistic observation

A  salivation to the sound of a metronome/bell.

B  the presentation of food in the dog’s mouth.

C  salivation to the food in the mouth.

D  a tone.

A  Schizophrenia

B  Panic attacks

C  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

D  Depression

A  naturalist

B  individualist

C  collectivist

D  interdependent

A  the deterministic nature of human environments.

B  unconscious motivations and biochemical processes.

C  stimulus-response relationships in humans.

D  that human nature is positive and that people are inclined to grow.

A  Jean Piaget

B  Karen Horney

C  Lawrence Kohlberg

D  Lev Vygotsky

A  Abstract reasoning IQ tests

B  Culture-neutral IQ tests

C  Culture-fair IQ tests

D  Culturally balanced IQ tests

A  unlimited.

B  seven plus or minus 9 items

C  one million items.

D  three items.

A  unconscious

B  ego

C  id

D  superego

A  prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychoanalysis using biomedical therapy.

B  uses a combination of psychological theories, methods, and therapeutic approaches.

C  emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.

D  prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.

A  periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence

B  alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism

C  a “split mind”

D  delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal psychomotor behavior

A  is one for which the author has been paid

B  has been written by someone with a Ph.D.

C  has been evaluated before publication by other researchers in the same field

D  is one that has found significant statistical results

A  discussion

B  introduction

C  description of the entire article means that Behjat is writing the article’s ______ .

D  results

E  Abstract

A  description.

B  prediction.

C  explanation.

D  control.

A  dependent; independent

B  independent; dependent

C  independent; independent

D  dependent; dependent

A  cognitive

B  psychoanalytic

C  humanistic

D  biological

A  there is no control group.

B  violence runs in families.

C  correlations cannot prove cause and effect.

D  there is no experimental group to compare with.

A  Maslow

B  Milgram

C  Selye

D  Bandura

A  Culture influences biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

B  Culture plays a role in definitions of intelligence.

C  It really isn’t that important; all human beings are the same.

D  Culture influences and interacts with the therapeutic process.

A  Skinner

B  Piaget

C  Pavlov

D  Maslow

A  Darwin

B  Freud

C  Piaget

D  Skinner

A  Institutional Review Boards did not exist to review his study prior to its commencement.

B  Milgram did not properly debrief his participants.

C  All of these are ethically problematic in contemporary psychology.

D  Milgram deceived his participants.

A  biological influences, unconscious motivations, and difficult to change

B  selfish, habitual, and avoidable

C  aggressive, persistent, and intentional

D  deviance, distress, and dysfunction

A  secondary reinforcement

B  shaping

C  stimulus generalization

D  spontaneous recovery.

A  correlational

B  survey

C  experimental

D  control

A  because psychologists cannot intentionally instill fear in a human subject

B  because the experimenters John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor were bad people

C  because he was afraid of the rat in the beginning

D  because it is an example of operant conditioning

A  correlational method

B  experimental research

C  the case study approach

D  naturalistic observation