Final Exam

A  sound of the toilet flushing

B  pain repetition

C  taking a shower

D  flinching and jerking away

A  fixed-ratio

B  variable-ratio

C  fixed-interval

D  variable-interval

A  negative reinforcement

B  positive reinforcement

C  a conditioned response

D  an unconditioned response

A  spontaneous recovery

B  negative reinforcement

C  classical conditioning

D  operant conditioning

A  gets a placebo drug, but no counseling

B  gets no treatment at all

C  gets counseling instead of any drugs

D  gets a placebo drug as well as weekly counseling

A  naturalistic observation

B  random sampling

C  replication

D  correlational design

A  loss of future research possibilities.

B  morality of the question under investigation.

C  invasion of privacy.

D  the need to keep the results of research from the participants.

A  psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject’s mental and physical health.

B  all psychological harm to subjects must be corrected by counseling.

C  psychologists must always avoid deception with using human subjects.

D  all data collected from a person must be made public.

A  show the brain wave patterns of an awake brain.

B  report vivid dreams if awakened at this time.

C  all of these

D  exhibit darting of the eyes underneath the closed eye lids.

A  the use of a chronological versus a longitudinal approach.

B  the extent to which development is continuous or discontinuous

C  the difference between developmental and chronological age.

D  the relative importance of heredity and environment.

A  neurotransmitters.

B  pheromones

C  transmission ions.

D  receptor sites.

A  an availability heuristic

B  functional fixedness

C  confirmation bias

D  mental set

A  biological

B  evolutionary

C  behavioral

D  veterinary

A  faulty parental rewards and punishments.

B  a lack of moral values in contemporary society.

C  early childhood experiences and family relationships.

D  inherited predispositions.

A  evolutionary

B  socio-cultural

C  behaviorist

D  cognitive

A  not hiring someone to work for you because they use a wheelchair.

B  hiring someone only because s/he is in the same sorority/fraternity as you are

C  thinking that females are likely to be bad drivers

D  not awarding scholarships to students intending to go to a community college  because you think community college students are not likely to finish their degrees.

A  cultural differences in the care of prisoners.

B  bystander apathy.

C  the behavior of some of the prison guards at Abu Ghraib.

D  the importance of obedience in the military environment.

A  emotional stress overload.

B  traumatic stressors.

C  post-traumatic stress disorder.

D  being in the exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

A  a psychodynamic theorist; practicing psychoanalysis

B  a humanistic theorist; practicing client-centered therapy

C  a behavioral theorist; practicing systematic desensitization

D  a cognitive theorist; practicing rational-emotive therapy

A  inference

B  retrieval

C  encoding

D  Storage

A  Riggio, Heidi, & Garcia, Amber (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown
and the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

B  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

C  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

D  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

A  the case study method

B  naturalistic observation

C  the survey method

D  experimentation

A  the presentation of food in the dog’s mouth.

B  salivation to the food in the mouth.

C  a tone.

D  salivation to the sound of a metronome/bell.

A  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

B  Depression

C  Schizophrenia

D  Panic attacks

A  interdependent

B  collectivist

C  individualist

D  naturalist

A  unconscious motivations and biochemical processes.

B  stimulus-response relationships in humans.

C  the deterministic nature of human environments.

D  that human nature is positive and that people are inclined to grow.

A  Lev Vygotsky

B  Jean Piaget

C  Karen Horney

D  Lawrence Kohlberg

A  Culturally balanced IQ tests

B  Culture-fair IQ tests

C  Culture-neutral IQ tests

D  Abstract reasoning IQ tests

A  unlimited.

B  one million items.

C  seven plus or minus 9 items

D  three items.

A  ego

B  id

C  unconscious

D  superego

A  emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.

B  uses a combination of psychological theories, methods, and therapeutic approaches.

C  prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychoanalysis using biomedical therapy.

D  prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.

A  periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence

B  delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal psychomotor behavior

C  alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism

D  a “split mind”

A  is one that has found significant statistical results

B  has been evaluated before publication by other researchers in the same field

C  has been written by someone with a Ph.D.

D  is one for which the author has been paid

A  results

B  Abstract

C  introduction

D  description of the entire article means that Behjat is writing the article’s ______ .

E  discussion

A  description.

B  control.

C  prediction.

D  explanation.

A  dependent; dependent

B  dependent; independent

C  independent; independent

D  independent; dependent

A  humanistic

B  cognitive

C  biological

D  psychoanalytic

A  there is no control group.

B  there is no experimental group to compare with.

C  correlations cannot prove cause and effect.

D  violence runs in families.

A  Selye

B  Bandura

C  Maslow

D  Milgram

A  Culture influences and interacts with the therapeutic process.

B  Culture influences biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

C  It really isn’t that important; all human beings are the same.

D  Culture plays a role in definitions of intelligence.

A  Pavlov

B  Piaget

C  Maslow

D  Skinner

A  Freud

B  Darwin

C  Skinner

D  Piaget

A  Milgram deceived his participants.

B  Institutional Review Boards did not exist to review his study prior to its commencement.

C  Milgram did not properly debrief his participants.

D  All of these are ethically problematic in contemporary psychology.

A  biological influences, unconscious motivations, and difficult to change

B  deviance, distress, and dysfunction

C  selfish, habitual, and avoidable

D  aggressive, persistent, and intentional

A  secondary reinforcement

B  spontaneous recovery.

C  shaping

D  stimulus generalization

A  experimental

B  survey

C  control

D  correlational

A  because psychologists cannot intentionally instill fear in a human subject

B  because the experimenters John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor were bad people

C  because it is an example of operant conditioning

D  because he was afraid of the rat in the beginning

A  experimental research

B  the case study approach

C  correlational method

D  naturalistic observation