Final Exam

A  flinching and jerking away

B  taking a shower

C  pain repetition

D  sound of the toilet flushing

A  fixed-interval

B  fixed-ratio

C  variable-ratio

D  variable-interval

A  an unconditioned response

B  negative reinforcement

C  a conditioned response

D  positive reinforcement

A  negative reinforcement

B  spontaneous recovery

C  operant conditioning

D  classical conditioning

A  gets a placebo drug, but no counseling

B  gets counseling instead of any drugs

C  gets a placebo drug as well as weekly counseling

D  gets no treatment at all

A  correlational design

B  replication

C  random sampling

D  naturalistic observation

A  morality of the question under investigation.

B  invasion of privacy.

C  the need to keep the results of research from the participants.

D  loss of future research possibilities.

A  psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject’s mental and physical health.

B  psychologists must always avoid deception with using human subjects.

C  all psychological harm to subjects must be corrected by counseling.

D  all data collected from a person must be made public.

A  all of these

B  report vivid dreams if awakened at this time.

C  show the brain wave patterns of an awake brain.

D  exhibit darting of the eyes underneath the closed eye lids.

A  the relative importance of heredity and environment.

B  the difference between developmental and chronological age.

C  the extent to which development is continuous or discontinuous

D  the use of a chronological versus a longitudinal approach.

A  transmission ions.

B  neurotransmitters.

C  pheromones

D  receptor sites.

A  functional fixedness

B  mental set

C  an availability heuristic

D  confirmation bias

A  veterinary

B  evolutionary

C  biological

D  behavioral

A  faulty parental rewards and punishments.

B  early childhood experiences and family relationships.

C  a lack of moral values in contemporary society.

D  inherited predispositions.

A  evolutionary

B  behaviorist

C  cognitive

D  socio-cultural

A  thinking that females are likely to be bad drivers

B  hiring someone only because s/he is in the same sorority/fraternity as you are

C  not hiring someone to work for you because they use a wheelchair.

D  not awarding scholarships to students intending to go to a community college  because you think community college students are not likely to finish their degrees.

A  the behavior of some of the prison guards at Abu Ghraib.

B  cultural differences in the care of prisoners.

C  the importance of obedience in the military environment.

D  bystander apathy.

A  emotional stress overload.

B  being in the exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

C  traumatic stressors.

D  post-traumatic stress disorder.

A  a cognitive theorist; practicing rational-emotive therapy

B  a psychodynamic theorist; practicing psychoanalysis

C  a humanistic theorist; practicing client-centered therapy

D  a behavioral theorist; practicing systematic desensitization

A  inference

B  Storage

C  encoding

D  retrieval

A  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

B  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

C  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

D  Riggio, Heidi, & Garcia, Amber (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown
and the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

A  experimentation

B  naturalistic observation

C  the case study method

D  the survey method

A  salivation to the food in the mouth.

B  a tone.

C  salivation to the sound of a metronome/bell.

D  the presentation of food in the dog’s mouth.

A  Schizophrenia

B  Panic attacks

C  Depression

D  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A  interdependent

B  collectivist

C  individualist

D  naturalist

A  stimulus-response relationships in humans.

B  unconscious motivations and biochemical processes.

C  that human nature is positive and that people are inclined to grow.

D  the deterministic nature of human environments.

A  Karen Horney

B  Lev Vygotsky

C  Jean Piaget

D  Lawrence Kohlberg

A  Abstract reasoning IQ tests

B  Culture-fair IQ tests

C  Culture-neutral IQ tests

D  Culturally balanced IQ tests

A  one million items.

B  seven plus or minus 9 items

C  unlimited.

D  three items.

A  unconscious

B  superego

C  id

D  ego

A  prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.

B  prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychoanalysis using biomedical therapy.

C  uses a combination of psychological theories, methods, and therapeutic approaches.

D  emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.

A  periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence

B  alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism

C  a “split mind”

D  delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal psychomotor behavior

A  is one for which the author has been paid

B  has been evaluated before publication by other researchers in the same field

C  is one that has found significant statistical results

D  has been written by someone with a Ph.D.

A  results

B  Abstract

C  description of the entire article means that Behjat is writing the article’s ______ .

D  discussion

E  introduction

A  control.

B  description.

C  prediction.

D  explanation.

A  dependent; independent

B  dependent; dependent

C  independent; dependent

D  independent; independent

A  psychoanalytic

B  cognitive

C  humanistic

D  biological

A  violence runs in families.

B  correlations cannot prove cause and effect.

C  there is no control group.

D  there is no experimental group to compare with.

A  Selye

B  Bandura

C  Maslow

D  Milgram

A  It really isn’t that important; all human beings are the same.

B  Culture influences biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

C  Culture plays a role in definitions of intelligence.

D  Culture influences and interacts with the therapeutic process.

A  Maslow

B  Pavlov

C  Piaget

D  Skinner

A  Freud

B  Piaget

C  Darwin

D  Skinner

A  Milgram did not properly debrief his participants.

B  All of these are ethically problematic in contemporary psychology.

C  Milgram deceived his participants.

D  Institutional Review Boards did not exist to review his study prior to its commencement.

A  biological influences, unconscious motivations, and difficult to change

B  selfish, habitual, and avoidable

C  aggressive, persistent, and intentional

D  deviance, distress, and dysfunction

A  spontaneous recovery.

B  stimulus generalization

C  shaping

D  secondary reinforcement

A  survey

B  experimental

C  correlational

D  control

A  because he was afraid of the rat in the beginning

B  because it is an example of operant conditioning

C  because the experimenters John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor were bad people

D  because psychologists cannot intentionally instill fear in a human subject

A  the case study approach

B  experimental research

C  naturalistic observation

D  correlational method