Final Exam

A  sound of the toilet flushing

B  pain repetition

C  flinching and jerking away

D  taking a shower

A  variable-ratio

B  fixed-ratio

C  fixed-interval

D  variable-interval

A  an unconditioned response

B  a conditioned response

C  positive reinforcement

D  negative reinforcement

A  spontaneous recovery

B  classical conditioning

C  operant conditioning

D  negative reinforcement

A  gets no treatment at all

B  gets counseling instead of any drugs

C  gets a placebo drug, but no counseling

D  gets a placebo drug as well as weekly counseling

A  naturalistic observation

B  correlational design

C  random sampling

D  replication

A  loss of future research possibilities.

B  invasion of privacy.

C  the need to keep the results of research from the participants.

D  morality of the question under investigation.

A  psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject’s mental and physical health.

B  all data collected from a person must be made public.

C  all psychological harm to subjects must be corrected by counseling.

D  psychologists must always avoid deception with using human subjects.

A  all of these

B  report vivid dreams if awakened at this time.

C  exhibit darting of the eyes underneath the closed eye lids.

D  show the brain wave patterns of an awake brain.

A  the extent to which development is continuous or discontinuous

B  the use of a chronological versus a longitudinal approach.

C  the difference between developmental and chronological age.

D  the relative importance of heredity and environment.

A  pheromones

B  receptor sites.

C  neurotransmitters.

D  transmission ions.

A  functional fixedness

B  mental set

C  confirmation bias

D  an availability heuristic

A  biological

B  evolutionary

C  veterinary

D  behavioral

A  inherited predispositions.

B  a lack of moral values in contemporary society.

C  early childhood experiences and family relationships.

D  faulty parental rewards and punishments.

A  evolutionary

B  behaviorist

C  socio-cultural

D  cognitive

A  not awarding scholarships to students intending to go to a community college  because you think community college students are not likely to finish their degrees.

B  not hiring someone to work for you because they use a wheelchair.

C  thinking that females are likely to be bad drivers

D  hiring someone only because s/he is in the same sorority/fraternity as you are

A  the importance of obedience in the military environment.

B  the behavior of some of the prison guards at Abu Ghraib.

C  cultural differences in the care of prisoners.

D  bystander apathy.

A  traumatic stressors.

B  being in the exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

C  post-traumatic stress disorder.

D  emotional stress overload.

A  a cognitive theorist; practicing rational-emotive therapy

B  a behavioral theorist; practicing systematic desensitization

C  a psychodynamic theorist; practicing psychoanalysis

D  a humanistic theorist; practicing client-centered therapy

A  Storage

B  encoding

C  retrieval

D  inference

A  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

B  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

C  Riggio, Heidi, & Garcia, Amber (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown
and the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

D  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

A  experimentation

B  naturalistic observation

C  the survey method

D  the case study method

A  the presentation of food in the dog’s mouth.

B  a tone.

C  salivation to the food in the mouth.

D  salivation to the sound of a metronome/bell.

A  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

B  Schizophrenia

C  Panic attacks

D  Depression

A  individualist

B  interdependent

C  naturalist

D  collectivist

A  unconscious motivations and biochemical processes.

B  stimulus-response relationships in humans.

C  the deterministic nature of human environments.

D  that human nature is positive and that people are inclined to grow.

A  Jean Piaget

B  Karen Horney

C  Lawrence Kohlberg

D  Lev Vygotsky

A  Culture-neutral IQ tests

B  Abstract reasoning IQ tests

C  Culture-fair IQ tests

D  Culturally balanced IQ tests

A  seven plus or minus 9 items

B  three items.

C  one million items.

D  unlimited.

A  ego

B  superego

C  id

D  unconscious

A  emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.

B  prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychoanalysis using biomedical therapy.

C  uses a combination of psychological theories, methods, and therapeutic approaches.

D  prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.

A  periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence

B  a “split mind”

C  alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism

D  delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal psychomotor behavior

A  is one that has found significant statistical results

B  is one for which the author has been paid

C  has been written by someone with a Ph.D.

D  has been evaluated before publication by other researchers in the same field

A  Abstract

B  introduction

C  discussion

D  description of the entire article means that Behjat is writing the article’s ______ .

E  results

A  description.

B  control.

C  prediction.

D  explanation.

A  dependent; independent

B  independent; independent

C  independent; dependent

D  dependent; dependent

A  cognitive

B  biological

C  humanistic

D  psychoanalytic

A  there is no control group.

B  violence runs in families.

C  correlations cannot prove cause and effect.

D  there is no experimental group to compare with.

A  Milgram

B  Maslow

C  Selye

D  Bandura

A  Culture plays a role in definitions of intelligence.

B  Culture influences and interacts with the therapeutic process.

C  It really isn’t that important; all human beings are the same.

D  Culture influences biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

A  Skinner

B  Piaget

C  Maslow

D  Pavlov

A  Piaget

B  Darwin

C  Freud

D  Skinner

A  Milgram deceived his participants.

B  Institutional Review Boards did not exist to review his study prior to its commencement.

C  Milgram did not properly debrief his participants.

D  All of these are ethically problematic in contemporary psychology.

A  biological influences, unconscious motivations, and difficult to change

B  deviance, distress, and dysfunction

C  selfish, habitual, and avoidable

D  aggressive, persistent, and intentional

A  secondary reinforcement

B  shaping

C  spontaneous recovery.

D  stimulus generalization

A  correlational

B  survey

C  control

D  experimental

A  because psychologists cannot intentionally instill fear in a human subject

B  because the experimenters John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor were bad people

C  because he was afraid of the rat in the beginning

D  because it is an example of operant conditioning

A  correlational method

B  the case study approach

C  naturalistic observation

D  experimental research