Final Exam

A  pain repetition

B  flinching and jerking away

C  sound of the toilet flushing

D  taking a shower

A  fixed-ratio

B  variable-ratio

C  variable-interval

D  fixed-interval

A  an unconditioned response

B  a conditioned response

C  positive reinforcement

D  negative reinforcement

A  classical conditioning

B  spontaneous recovery

C  negative reinforcement

D  operant conditioning

A  gets a placebo drug as well as weekly counseling

B  gets a placebo drug, but no counseling

C  gets no treatment at all

D  gets counseling instead of any drugs

A  naturalistic observation

B  random sampling

C  correlational design

D  replication

A  invasion of privacy.

B  loss of future research possibilities.

C  morality of the question under investigation.

D  the need to keep the results of research from the participants.

A  psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject’s mental and physical health.

B  all data collected from a person must be made public.

C  psychologists must always avoid deception with using human subjects.

D  all psychological harm to subjects must be corrected by counseling.

A  show the brain wave patterns of an awake brain.

B  exhibit darting of the eyes underneath the closed eye lids.

C  report vivid dreams if awakened at this time.

D  all of these

A  the extent to which development is continuous or discontinuous

B  the relative importance of heredity and environment.

C  the difference between developmental and chronological age.

D  the use of a chronological versus a longitudinal approach.

A  transmission ions.

B  receptor sites.

C  neurotransmitters.

D  pheromones

A  mental set

B  functional fixedness

C  an availability heuristic

D  confirmation bias

A  veterinary

B  evolutionary

C  biological

D  behavioral

A  inherited predispositions.

B  early childhood experiences and family relationships.

C  a lack of moral values in contemporary society.

D  faulty parental rewards and punishments.

A  behaviorist

B  cognitive

C  socio-cultural

D  evolutionary

A  not hiring someone to work for you because they use a wheelchair.

B  hiring someone only because s/he is in the same sorority/fraternity as you are

C  not awarding scholarships to students intending to go to a community college  because you think community college students are not likely to finish their degrees.

D  thinking that females are likely to be bad drivers

A  the importance of obedience in the military environment.

B  the behavior of some of the prison guards at Abu Ghraib.

C  bystander apathy.

D  cultural differences in the care of prisoners.

A  traumatic stressors.

B  being in the exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

C  emotional stress overload.

D  post-traumatic stress disorder.

A  a cognitive theorist; practicing rational-emotive therapy

B  a psychodynamic theorist; practicing psychoanalysis

C  a humanistic theorist; practicing client-centered therapy

D  a behavioral theorist; practicing systematic desensitization

A  inference

B  Storage

C  encoding

D  retrieval

A  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

B  Riggio, Heidi, & Garcia, Amber (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown
and the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

C  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

D  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

A  the survey method

B  experimentation

C  the case study method

D  naturalistic observation

A  a tone.

B  the presentation of food in the dog’s mouth.

C  salivation to the sound of a metronome/bell.

D  salivation to the food in the mouth.

A  Panic attacks

B  Depression

C  Schizophrenia

D  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A  collectivist

B  interdependent

C  naturalist

D  individualist

A  unconscious motivations and biochemical processes.

B  that human nature is positive and that people are inclined to grow.

C  stimulus-response relationships in humans.

D  the deterministic nature of human environments.

A  Lawrence Kohlberg

B  Lev Vygotsky

C  Karen Horney

D  Jean Piaget

A  Culture-neutral IQ tests

B  Culturally balanced IQ tests

C  Abstract reasoning IQ tests

D  Culture-fair IQ tests

A  three items.

B  one million items.

C  unlimited.

D  seven plus or minus 9 items

A  ego

B  superego

C  unconscious

D  id

A  uses a combination of psychological theories, methods, and therapeutic approaches.

B  prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychoanalysis using biomedical therapy.

C  emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.

D  prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.

A  a “split mind”

B  delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal psychomotor behavior

C  periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence

D  alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism

A  has been evaluated before publication by other researchers in the same field

B  has been written by someone with a Ph.D.

C  is one that has found significant statistical results

D  is one for which the author has been paid

A  introduction

B  results

C  discussion

D  Abstract

E  description of the entire article means that Behjat is writing the article’s ______ .

A  prediction.

B  description.

C  control.

D  explanation.

A  dependent; dependent

B  dependent; independent

C  independent; dependent

D  independent; independent

A  cognitive

B  biological

C  psychoanalytic

D  humanistic

A  there is no control group.

B  violence runs in families.

C  there is no experimental group to compare with.

D  correlations cannot prove cause and effect.

A  Bandura

B  Selye

C  Milgram

D  Maslow

A  It really isn’t that important; all human beings are the same.

B  Culture influences and interacts with the therapeutic process.

C  Culture plays a role in definitions of intelligence.

D  Culture influences biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

A  Maslow

B  Pavlov

C  Skinner

D  Piaget

A  Darwin

B  Freud

C  Piaget

D  Skinner

A  Milgram deceived his participants.

B  Institutional Review Boards did not exist to review his study prior to its commencement.

C  Milgram did not properly debrief his participants.

D  All of these are ethically problematic in contemporary psychology.

A  biological influences, unconscious motivations, and difficult to change

B  deviance, distress, and dysfunction

C  selfish, habitual, and avoidable

D  aggressive, persistent, and intentional

A  shaping

B  stimulus generalization

C  secondary reinforcement

D  spontaneous recovery.

A  survey

B  experimental

C  correlational

D  control

A  because psychologists cannot intentionally instill fear in a human subject

B  because he was afraid of the rat in the beginning

C  because the experimenters John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor were bad people

D  because it is an example of operant conditioning

A  correlational method

B  naturalistic observation

C  experimental research

D  the case study approach