Final Exam

A  taking a shower

B  sound of the toilet flushing

C  pain repetition

D  flinching and jerking away

A  fixed-ratio

B  variable-ratio

C  variable-interval

D  fixed-interval

A  positive reinforcement

B  negative reinforcement

C  an unconditioned response

D  a conditioned response

A  negative reinforcement

B  operant conditioning

C  classical conditioning

D  spontaneous recovery

A  gets a placebo drug as well as weekly counseling

B  gets a placebo drug, but no counseling

C  gets counseling instead of any drugs

D  gets no treatment at all

A  naturalistic observation

B  random sampling

C  replication

D  correlational design

A  the need to keep the results of research from the participants.

B  invasion of privacy.

C  loss of future research possibilities.

D  morality of the question under investigation.

A  psychologists must always avoid deception with using human subjects.

B  all data collected from a person must be made public.

C  all psychological harm to subjects must be corrected by counseling.

D  psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject’s mental and physical health.

A  report vivid dreams if awakened at this time.

B  exhibit darting of the eyes underneath the closed eye lids.

C  all of these

D  show the brain wave patterns of an awake brain.

A  the use of a chronological versus a longitudinal approach.

B  the extent to which development is continuous or discontinuous

C  the difference between developmental and chronological age.

D  the relative importance of heredity and environment.

A  transmission ions.

B  neurotransmitters.

C  pheromones

D  receptor sites.

A  functional fixedness

B  mental set

C  confirmation bias

D  an availability heuristic

A  behavioral

B  veterinary

C  evolutionary

D  biological

A  early childhood experiences and family relationships.

B  faulty parental rewards and punishments.

C  inherited predispositions.

D  a lack of moral values in contemporary society.

A  socio-cultural

B  cognitive

C  behaviorist

D  evolutionary

A  thinking that females are likely to be bad drivers

B  hiring someone only because s/he is in the same sorority/fraternity as you are

C  not awarding scholarships to students intending to go to a community college  because you think community college students are not likely to finish their degrees.

D  not hiring someone to work for you because they use a wheelchair.

A  bystander apathy.

B  the behavior of some of the prison guards at Abu Ghraib.

C  the importance of obedience in the military environment.

D  cultural differences in the care of prisoners.

A  traumatic stressors.

B  post-traumatic stress disorder.

C  emotional stress overload.

D  being in the exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

A  a behavioral theorist; practicing systematic desensitization

B  a humanistic theorist; practicing client-centered therapy

C  a psychodynamic theorist; practicing psychoanalysis

D  a cognitive theorist; practicing rational-emotive therapy

A  inference

B  Storage

C  retrieval

D  encoding

A  Riggio, Heidi, & Garcia, Amber (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown
and the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

B  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

C  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

D  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

A  the case study method

B  naturalistic observation

C  the survey method

D  experimentation

A  salivation to the sound of a metronome/bell.

B  a tone.

C  salivation to the food in the mouth.

D  the presentation of food in the dog’s mouth.

A  Depression

B  Panic attacks

C  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

D  Schizophrenia

A  interdependent

B  collectivist

C  individualist

D  naturalist

A  stimulus-response relationships in humans.

B  unconscious motivations and biochemical processes.

C  the deterministic nature of human environments.

D  that human nature is positive and that people are inclined to grow.

A  Lawrence Kohlberg

B  Karen Horney

C  Jean Piaget

D  Lev Vygotsky

A  Abstract reasoning IQ tests

B  Culture-fair IQ tests

C  Culture-neutral IQ tests

D  Culturally balanced IQ tests

A  three items.

B  one million items.

C  seven plus or minus 9 items

D  unlimited.

A  unconscious

B  superego

C  ego

D  id

A  uses a combination of psychological theories, methods, and therapeutic approaches.

B  emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.

C  prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychoanalysis using biomedical therapy.

D  prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.

A  delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal psychomotor behavior

B  alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism

C  a “split mind”

D  periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence

A  has been written by someone with a Ph.D.

B  is one for which the author has been paid

C  is one that has found significant statistical results

D  has been evaluated before publication by other researchers in the same field

A  Abstract

B  introduction

C  discussion

D  results

E  description of the entire article means that Behjat is writing the article’s ______ .

A  prediction.

B  control.

C  description.

D  explanation.

A  dependent; independent

B  independent; independent

C  independent; dependent

D  dependent; dependent

A  biological

B  cognitive

C  psychoanalytic

D  humanistic

A  correlations cannot prove cause and effect.

B  violence runs in families.

C  there is no experimental group to compare with.

D  there is no control group.

A  Maslow

B  Selye

C  Bandura

D  Milgram

A  It really isn’t that important; all human beings are the same.

B  Culture influences biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

C  Culture influences and interacts with the therapeutic process.

D  Culture plays a role in definitions of intelligence.

A  Pavlov

B  Maslow

C  Skinner

D  Piaget

A  Skinner

B  Freud

C  Piaget

D  Darwin

A  All of these are ethically problematic in contemporary psychology.

B  Institutional Review Boards did not exist to review his study prior to its commencement.

C  Milgram deceived his participants.

D  Milgram did not properly debrief his participants.

A  biological influences, unconscious motivations, and difficult to change

B  deviance, distress, and dysfunction

C  aggressive, persistent, and intentional

D  selfish, habitual, and avoidable

A  stimulus generalization

B  spontaneous recovery.

C  secondary reinforcement

D  shaping

A  experimental

B  control

C  survey

D  correlational

A  because psychologists cannot intentionally instill fear in a human subject

B  because it is an example of operant conditioning

C  because he was afraid of the rat in the beginning

D  because the experimenters John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor were bad people

A  the case study approach

B  correlational method

C  naturalistic observation

D  experimental research