Final Exam

A  sound of the toilet flushing

B  pain repetition

C  taking a shower

D  flinching and jerking away

A  variable-ratio

B  fixed-ratio

C  variable-interval

D  fixed-interval

A  positive reinforcement

B  an unconditioned response

C  negative reinforcement

D  a conditioned response

A  negative reinforcement

B  operant conditioning

C  classical conditioning

D  spontaneous recovery

A  gets a placebo drug, but no counseling

B  gets a placebo drug as well as weekly counseling

C  gets no treatment at all

D  gets counseling instead of any drugs

A  random sampling

B  correlational design

C  replication

D  naturalistic observation

A  morality of the question under investigation.

B  invasion of privacy.

C  loss of future research possibilities.

D  the need to keep the results of research from the participants.

A  all data collected from a person must be made public.

B  psychologists must always avoid deception with using human subjects.

C  all psychological harm to subjects must be corrected by counseling.

D  psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject’s mental and physical health.

A  exhibit darting of the eyes underneath the closed eye lids.

B  report vivid dreams if awakened at this time.

C  show the brain wave patterns of an awake brain.

D  all of these

A  the extent to which development is continuous or discontinuous

B  the use of a chronological versus a longitudinal approach.

C  the relative importance of heredity and environment.

D  the difference between developmental and chronological age.

A  receptor sites.

B  pheromones

C  transmission ions.

D  neurotransmitters.

A  mental set

B  an availability heuristic

C  functional fixedness

D  confirmation bias

A  veterinary

B  biological

C  behavioral

D  evolutionary

A  inherited predispositions.

B  faulty parental rewards and punishments.

C  early childhood experiences and family relationships.

D  a lack of moral values in contemporary society.

A  behaviorist

B  evolutionary

C  cognitive

D  socio-cultural

A  hiring someone only because s/he is in the same sorority/fraternity as you are

B  not hiring someone to work for you because they use a wheelchair.

C  not awarding scholarships to students intending to go to a community college  because you think community college students are not likely to finish their degrees.

D  thinking that females are likely to be bad drivers

A  the importance of obedience in the military environment.

B  bystander apathy.

C  cultural differences in the care of prisoners.

D  the behavior of some of the prison guards at Abu Ghraib.

A  being in the exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

B  traumatic stressors.

C  post-traumatic stress disorder.

D  emotional stress overload.

A  a psychodynamic theorist; practicing psychoanalysis

B  a behavioral theorist; practicing systematic desensitization

C  a cognitive theorist; practicing rational-emotive therapy

D  a humanistic theorist; practicing client-centered therapy

A  inference

B  Storage

C  encoding

D  retrieval

A  Riggio, Heidi, & Garcia, Amber (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown
and the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

B  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

C  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

D  Riggio, H.R., & Garcia, A.L. (2009). The power of situations: Jonestown and
the fundamental attribution error. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 108-112.

A  the survey method

B  experimentation

C  the case study method

D  naturalistic observation

A  a tone.

B  salivation to the sound of a metronome/bell.

C  the presentation of food in the dog’s mouth.

D  salivation to the food in the mouth.

A  Depression

B  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

C  Schizophrenia

D  Panic attacks

A  naturalist

B  interdependent

C  collectivist

D  individualist

A  unconscious motivations and biochemical processes.

B  that human nature is positive and that people are inclined to grow.

C  the deterministic nature of human environments.

D  stimulus-response relationships in humans.

A  Jean Piaget

B  Lev Vygotsky

C  Lawrence Kohlberg

D  Karen Horney

A  Culture-neutral IQ tests

B  Culture-fair IQ tests

C  Culturally balanced IQ tests

D  Abstract reasoning IQ tests

A  seven plus or minus 9 items

B  three items.

C  unlimited.

D  one million items.

A  ego

B  superego

C  id

D  unconscious

A  uses a combination of psychological theories, methods, and therapeutic approaches.

B  emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.

C  prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.

D  prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychoanalysis using biomedical therapy.

A  periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence

B  delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal psychomotor behavior

C  alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism

D  a “split mind”

A  is one that has found significant statistical results

B  has been evaluated before publication by other researchers in the same field

C  has been written by someone with a Ph.D.

D  is one for which the author has been paid

A  description of the entire article means that Behjat is writing the article’s ______ .

B  discussion

C  introduction

D  Abstract

E  results

A  description.

B  explanation.

C  control.

D  prediction.

A  independent; independent

B  dependent; dependent

C  dependent; independent

D  independent; dependent

A  biological

B  humanistic

C  psychoanalytic

D  cognitive

A  correlations cannot prove cause and effect.

B  there is no control group.

C  there is no experimental group to compare with.

D  violence runs in families.

A  Bandura

B  Milgram

C  Selye

D  Maslow

A  Culture influences biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development.

B  It really isn’t that important; all human beings are the same.

C  Culture influences and interacts with the therapeutic process.

D  Culture plays a role in definitions of intelligence.

A  Skinner

B  Pavlov

C  Piaget

D  Maslow

A  Piaget

B  Darwin

C  Freud

D  Skinner

A  Milgram did not properly debrief his participants.

B  All of these are ethically problematic in contemporary psychology.

C  Milgram deceived his participants.

D  Institutional Review Boards did not exist to review his study prior to its commencement.

A  aggressive, persistent, and intentional

B  selfish, habitual, and avoidable

C  deviance, distress, and dysfunction

D  biological influences, unconscious motivations, and difficult to change

A  spontaneous recovery.

B  secondary reinforcement

C  stimulus generalization

D  shaping

A  correlational

B  experimental

C  survey

D  control

A  because psychologists cannot intentionally instill fear in a human subject

B  because he was afraid of the rat in the beginning

C  because it is an example of operant conditioning

D  because the experimenters John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor were bad people

A  experimental research

B  correlational method

C  the case study approach

D  naturalistic observation