Chapter 4

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Question #1

The receptors for umami are most sensitive to which of the following?

A Meat

B Onions

C Jelly beans

D Chili peppers

Question #2

According to the textbook, one study of eyewitness cases found that the wrong person was chosen from police lineups what percentage of the time?

A 25 percent

B 35 percent

C 5 percent

D 15 percent

Question #3

Which of the following scenarios BEST represents an ingrained pattern of organization and attention?

A Performing a headstand while exercising

B Saying “How are you” in response to the question “How are you?”

C Rubbing your stomach at the same time as patting your head

D Looking at the back of your hair using a combination of two mirrors

Question #4

Which of the following scenarios would be MOST challenging for someone with blindness in the left eye?

A Cooking on a grill

B Throwing darts

C Learning to dance

D Speed typing

Question #5

Consider a glass-bottom boat. One section is a wooden deck. The other section is glass so that tourists can see the ocean underneath. If a tourist brought onto the wooden decks his or her 3-month- old infant, who had just learned to crawl, and then called the infant over to the glass-bottom section to see the ocean floor beneath, what is the MOST likely outcome?

A The infant would refuse to cross the glass section.

B The infant would slowly crawl across the glass section.

C The infant would close his or her eyes and crawl across the glass section.

D The infant would quickly crawl across the glass section.

Question #6

You show two friends a picture of a rock snake, a snake whose coloring looks like rocks, hiding in a pile of rocks. Miguel only sees a picture of rocks, but Tami immediately sees the rock snake. Of the following, the best explanation is that:

A Miguel uses more bottom-up processing.

B Tami uses more bottom-up processing.

C Tami has experience with rock snakes.

D Miguel uses more figure–ground processing.

Question #7

The scientific review process requires submission of “blinded” work in which the scientists’ names and identifying information are removed from the work before review. What is the most likely explanation for why this practice is used?

A To increase reality testing

B To decrease top-down processing

C To decrease similarity processing

D To increase bottom-up processing

Question #8

You may have seen a person hit his or her head on something hard, and then immediately begin to vigorously rub or scratch his or her head. Which of the following theories best explains why the person does this?

A Gate control theory

B Sensory conflict theory

C Warning system theory

D Phantom limb theory

Question #9

If Abe stares at a picture of a yellow smiling face for 30 seconds, and then looks at a blank white paper, what will Abe most likely see?

A A blue smiling face

B A blank white paper

C A white smiling face

D A blank blue paper

Question #10

Which of the following experimental procedures would most likely devastate the color vision of the patient?

A Destruction of approximately 20 million rods at the location where the optic nerve exits the eye

B Destruction of approximately 10 million rods and 10 million cones

C Destruction of approximately 50 million rods and cones in the peripheral region

D Destruction of approximately 20 million cones at the location where the optic nerve exits the eye

Question #11

Which of the following is the best example of inattentional blindness?

A A child hears his mother calling for him, but he ignores her because he wants to continue playing a video game.

B You have no time to paint a picture because you need to prepare for a math exam.

C While arguing with your father in the back seat as you drive, you run a red light.

D You fail to pick out the correct perpetrator of a crime from a police station lineup.

Question #12

Consider an experiment in which a squirrel, born and raised in a controlled environment, only displays horizontal stripes. When released into the wild, the squirrel will likely have difficulty:

A detecting tree trunks.

B detecting fallen branches.

C detecting ground holes.

D detecting ripe nuts.

Question #13

The tongue is covered with small protrusions called ________.

A olfactory nerves

B papillae

C gustatory neurons

D taste buds

Question #14

Perceptual expectancies are frequently created by ________.

A attentional spotlighting

B suggestion

C the other-race effect

D Gestalt organization

Question #15

Which of the following is an example of shape constancy?

A Viewing a pair of parallel lines from directly overhead

B Viewing a white object in different light conditions

C Viewing a page of a book from different angles

D Viewing a parked car from the top of a skyscraper

Question #16

Which theory proposes that pain messages pass through neural portals in the spinal cord?

A Sensory conflict theory

B Gate control theory

C Opponent-process theory

D Lock-and-key theory

Question #17

Which of the following theories holds that odors are related to the shapes of chemical molecules?

A Lock-and-key theory

B Trichromatic theory

C Gate control theory

D Opponent-process theory

Question #18

Shelly, a movie critic, is so focused on an emotional scene in a movie that she forgets to continue her note taking for a subsequent review in a newspaper. She is most closely exhibiting which of the following?

A Amnesia

B Visual inhibition

C Inattentional blindness

D Blind spot

Question #19

Which of the following refers to sensory adaptation?

A A decrease over time in sensory response to an unchanging stimulus

B Interpretation of the physical properties of stimuli by the mind

C Organization and interpretation of sensory input

D Conversion of one kind of energy into another

Question #20

Which of the following statements represents current understanding of hearing loss?

A By age 65, more than 40 percent of the ear’s hair cells will be gone, mainly those that transduce high pitches.

B Conductive hearing loss results from damage to the inner ear hair cells or the auditory nerve.

C Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when the transfer of vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear weakens.

D Dead hair cells in the ear can be replaced indefinitely.

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