Test 1

A  Thorndike

B  Pavlov

C  Watson

D  Skinner

A  Secondary

B  Social

C  Classical

D  Operant

A  glutamate – relief of pain

B  acetylcholine – produces feelings of pleasure

C  serotonin – contributes to memory

D  dopamine – facilitates learning

A  experiment

B  survey

C  case study

D  naturalistic observation

A  Every 7th time a rat presses a lever, it receives food pellets.

B  A pigeon pecking a disk receives food after 4 pecks, then after 7, after 5, and then after 6.

C  Every 6 minutes, a rat receives food for pressing a lever. Then the schedule changes to every 5 minutes, then to every 9 minutes.

D  A pigeon pecking a disk receives food every 6 minutes.

A  All of these choices are correctly matched.

B  naturalistic observation – Questionnaires or interviews are used to probe behavior or attitudes.

C  survey – Participants are systematically studied in their natural environment.

D  case study – A single individual or group is examined in detail.

A  Mamie Phipps Clark – first female president of the APA

B  Mary Whiton Calkins – first woman to earn a PhD in psychology

C  Margaret Floy Washburn – first woman of color to be awarded a PhD in Psychology

D  Mamie Phipps Clark – first woman of color to be awarded a PhD in Psychology

A  computerized axial tomography (CAT) – expose people to radiation

B  electroencephalogram (EEG) – expensive and time-consuming

C  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – does not necessarily localize the cognitive processes of interest

D  positron emission tomography (PET) – expose people to radiation

A  Little Albert and conditioned fear.

B  rats in Skinner boxes.

C  cats in puzzle boxes.

D  children playing with a Bobo doll.

A  hearing; parietal

B  touch; frontal

C  touch; parietal

D  hearing; frontal

A  hearing; touch

B  touch; vision

C  hearing; vision

D  vision; hearing

A  beneath; occipital

B  behind; occipital

C  behind; parietal

D  beneath; parietal

A  the scientific method.

B  educated guessing.

C  informed speculation.

D  critical thinking.

A  neuroplasticity.

B  neurogenesis.

C  neuromutability.

D  neuroadaptation.

A  Descartes.

B  Titchener.

C  Wundt.

D  James.

A  neurotransmitters.

B  action potentials.

C  vesicles.

D  agonists.

A  dendrites.

B  synapses.

C  neurons.

D  axons.

A  axons.

B  dendrites.

C  nodes of Ranvier.

D  glial fibers.

A  primary

B  positive

C  partial

D  secondary

A  parietal lobe

B  frontal lobe

C  corpus callosum

D  brainstem

A  positive; negative

B  negative; positive

C  primary; secondary

D  secondary; primary

A  secondary reinforcer; primary reinforcer

B  ratio schedule; interval schedule

C  primary reinforcer; secondary reinforcer

D  interval schedule; ratio schedule

A  study of mental processes.

B  scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

C  science of behavior.

D  study of mental disorders and their treatment.

A  experiment; theory

B  hypothesis; theory

C  experiment; hypothesis

D  theory; hypothesis

A  biological

B  biopsychosocial

C  psychoanalytic

D  humanistic

A  Bandura.

B  Watson.

C  Pavlov.

D  Skinner.

A  cognitive

B  behavioral

C  psychoanalytic

D  sociocultural

A  Alzheimer’s disease; serotonin

B  depression; acetylcholine

C  depression; serotonin

D  Alzheimer’s disease; norpinephrine

A  humanistic

B  cognitive

C  psychoanalytic

D  behavioral

A  cognitive

B  biological

C  humanistic

D  psychoanalytic

A  adenosine

B  dopamine

C  endorphins

D  acetylcholine

A  determining whether a painting she is hanging is straight or crooked

B  reciting a shopping list out loud

C  understanding a pun

D  recognizing a familiar look on her boyfriend’s face

A  case study

B  naturalistic observation

C  experimental method

D  correlational research

A  reinforcers are delivered after a fluctuating period of time.

B  the specific reinforcer changes from trial to trial.

C  reinforcers are delivered after a changing number of responses.

D  reinforcers are delivered after pre-established time periods.

A  cognitive

B  sociocultural

C  psychoanalytic

D  biological

A  vision

B  hearing

C  touch

D  smell

A  whether children see a film of an adult model or not

B  whether the model in the film behaves aggressively or not

C  whether children are allowed to play with the doll after the film

D  whether children mimic the model’s aggressive behavior

A  Pavlov; operant

B  Skinner; classical

C  Pavlov; classical

D  Skinner; operant

A  myelin.

B  terminal buds.

C  glial cells.

D  dendrites.

A  GABA

B  norepinephrine

C  serotonin

D  dopamine

A  language production; language comprehension

B  language comprehension; language production

C  reading; writing

D  reading; speaking

A  observational learning.

B  shaping.

C  latent learning.

D  insight.

A  unconscious conflict.

B  environmental determinism.

C  free will

D  natural selection.

A  support cell in the nervous system.

B  neuron’s cell body.

C  branch-like fiber extending in clusters from a neuron’s cell body.

D  long, tube-like structure extending from a neuron’s cell body.

A  decision-making

B  motor coordination

C  hearing

D  vision

A  signal.

B  chemical.

C  gap.

D  joint.

A  independent; control

B  independent; dependent

C  dependent; experimental

D  dependent; independent

A  cognition.

B  perception.

C  learning.

D  development.

A  theory.

B  operational definition.

C  variable.

D  hypothesis.

A  variable-interval

B  fixed-interval

C  variable-ratio

D  fixed-ratio