Test 1

A  Pavlov

B  Watson

C  Skinner

D  Thorndike

A  Social

B  Classical

C  Operant

D  Secondary

A  acetylcholine – produces feelings of pleasure

B  glutamate – relief of pain

C  dopamine – facilitates learning

D  serotonin – contributes to memory

A  naturalistic observation

B  survey

C  experiment

D  case study

A  Every 7th time a rat presses a lever, it receives food pellets.

B  A pigeon pecking a disk receives food after 4 pecks, then after 7, after 5, and then after 6.

C  A pigeon pecking a disk receives food every 6 minutes.

D  Every 6 minutes, a rat receives food for pressing a lever. Then the schedule changes to every 5 minutes, then to every 9 minutes.

A  survey – Participants are systematically studied in their natural environment.

B  All of these choices are correctly matched.

C  case study – A single individual or group is examined in detail.

D  naturalistic observation – Questionnaires or interviews are used to probe behavior or attitudes.

A  Mamie Phipps Clark – first woman of color to be awarded a PhD in Psychology

B  Mary Whiton Calkins – first woman to earn a PhD in psychology

C  Margaret Floy Washburn – first woman of color to be awarded a PhD in Psychology

D  Mamie Phipps Clark – first female president of the APA

A  computerized axial tomography (CAT) – expose people to radiation

B  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – does not necessarily localize the cognitive processes of interest

C  positron emission tomography (PET) – expose people to radiation

D  electroencephalogram (EEG) – expensive and time-consuming

A  children playing with a Bobo doll.

B  cats in puzzle boxes.

C  rats in Skinner boxes.

D  Little Albert and conditioned fear.

A  hearing; frontal

B  touch; frontal

C  hearing; parietal

D  touch; parietal

A  hearing; touch

B  touch; vision

C  vision; hearing

D  hearing; vision

A  behind; occipital

B  beneath; parietal

C  beneath; occipital

D  behind; parietal

A  informed speculation.

B  critical thinking.

C  educated guessing.

D  the scientific method.

A  neuromutability.

B  neuroplasticity.

C  neuroadaptation.

D  neurogenesis.

A  Titchener.

B  James.

C  Wundt.

D  Descartes.

A  vesicles.

B  action potentials.

C  agonists.

D  neurotransmitters.

A  axons.

B  synapses.

C  dendrites.

D  neurons.

A  nodes of Ranvier.

B  axons.

C  dendrites.

D  glial fibers.

A  positive

B  secondary

C  primary

D  partial

A  corpus callosum

B  frontal lobe

C  brainstem

D  parietal lobe

A  positive; negative

B  secondary; primary

C  negative; positive

D  primary; secondary

A  ratio schedule; interval schedule

B  secondary reinforcer; primary reinforcer

C  primary reinforcer; secondary reinforcer

D  interval schedule; ratio schedule

A  study of mental disorders and their treatment.

B  study of mental processes.

C  science of behavior.

D  scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

A  hypothesis; theory

B  experiment; theory

C  theory; hypothesis

D  experiment; hypothesis

A  biological

B  humanistic

C  biopsychosocial

D  psychoanalytic

A  Watson.

B  Skinner.

C  Bandura.

D  Pavlov.

A  psychoanalytic

B  sociocultural

C  behavioral

D  cognitive

A  depression; acetylcholine

B  Alzheimer’s disease; norpinephrine

C  depression; serotonin

D  Alzheimer’s disease; serotonin

A  humanistic

B  behavioral

C  cognitive

D  psychoanalytic

A  psychoanalytic

B  humanistic

C  cognitive

D  biological

A  adenosine

B  acetylcholine

C  dopamine

D  endorphins

A  determining whether a painting she is hanging is straight or crooked

B  recognizing a familiar look on her boyfriend’s face

C  understanding a pun

D  reciting a shopping list out loud

A  experimental method

B  case study

C  correlational research

D  naturalistic observation

A  reinforcers are delivered after pre-established time periods.

B  the specific reinforcer changes from trial to trial.

C  reinforcers are delivered after a changing number of responses.

D  reinforcers are delivered after a fluctuating period of time.

A  sociocultural

B  cognitive

C  biological

D  psychoanalytic

A  smell

B  hearing

C  vision

D  touch

A  whether the model in the film behaves aggressively or not

B  whether children mimic the model’s aggressive behavior

C  whether children are allowed to play with the doll after the film

D  whether children see a film of an adult model or not

A  Pavlov; operant

B  Pavlov; classical

C  Skinner; operant

D  Skinner; classical

A  terminal buds.

B  glial cells.

C  myelin.

D  dendrites.

A  GABA

B  norepinephrine

C  serotonin

D  dopamine

A  language production; language comprehension

B  reading; writing

C  language comprehension; language production

D  reading; speaking

A  insight.

B  observational learning.

C  latent learning.

D  shaping.

A  natural selection.

B  free will

C  unconscious conflict.

D  environmental determinism.

A  branch-like fiber extending in clusters from a neuron’s cell body.

B  long, tube-like structure extending from a neuron’s cell body.

C  support cell in the nervous system.

D  neuron’s cell body.

A  hearing

B  motor coordination

C  decision-making

D  vision

A  joint.

B  chemical.

C  signal.

D  gap.

A  dependent; independent

B  dependent; experimental

C  independent; dependent

D  independent; control

A  cognition.

B  perception.

C  development.

D  learning.

A  variable.

B  operational definition.

C  hypothesis.

D  theory.

A  variable-interval

B  fixed-interval

C  fixed-ratio

D  variable-ratio