Test 1

A  Watson

B  Skinner

C  Pavlov

D  Thorndike

A  Social

B  Secondary

C  Operant

D  Classical

A  acetylcholine – produces feelings of pleasure

B  glutamate – relief of pain

C  dopamine – facilitates learning

D  serotonin – contributes to memory

A  experiment

B  survey

C  naturalistic observation

D  case study

A  Every 7th time a rat presses a lever, it receives food pellets.

B  A pigeon pecking a disk receives food every 6 minutes.

C  A pigeon pecking a disk receives food after 4 pecks, then after 7, after 5, and then after 6.

D  Every 6 minutes, a rat receives food for pressing a lever. Then the schedule changes to every 5 minutes, then to every 9 minutes.

A  survey – Participants are systematically studied in their natural environment.

B  All of these choices are correctly matched.

C  naturalistic observation – Questionnaires or interviews are used to probe behavior or attitudes.

D  case study – A single individual or group is examined in detail.

A  Mary Whiton Calkins – first woman to earn a PhD in psychology

B  Margaret Floy Washburn – first woman of color to be awarded a PhD in Psychology

C  Mamie Phipps Clark – first female president of the APA

D  Mamie Phipps Clark – first woman of color to be awarded a PhD in Psychology

A  electroencephalogram (EEG) – expensive and time-consuming

B  computerized axial tomography (CAT) – expose people to radiation

C  positron emission tomography (PET) – expose people to radiation

D  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – does not necessarily localize the cognitive processes of interest

A  children playing with a Bobo doll.

B  cats in puzzle boxes.

C  rats in Skinner boxes.

D  Little Albert and conditioned fear.

A  hearing; frontal

B  hearing; parietal

C  touch; frontal

D  touch; parietal

A  hearing; vision

B  touch; vision

C  vision; hearing

D  hearing; touch

A  behind; occipital

B  beneath; parietal

C  behind; parietal

D  beneath; occipital

A  informed speculation.

B  critical thinking.

C  the scientific method.

D  educated guessing.

A  neuromutability.

B  neuroadaptation.

C  neuroplasticity.

D  neurogenesis.

A  Wundt.

B  Descartes.

C  Titchener.

D  James.

A  agonists.

B  action potentials.

C  vesicles.

D  neurotransmitters.

A  synapses.

B  dendrites.

C  neurons.

D  axons.

A  glial fibers.

B  nodes of Ranvier.

C  axons.

D  dendrites.

A  primary

B  positive

C  partial

D  secondary

A  brainstem

B  corpus callosum

C  parietal lobe

D  frontal lobe

A  secondary; primary

B  positive; negative

C  primary; secondary

D  negative; positive

A  interval schedule; ratio schedule

B  secondary reinforcer; primary reinforcer

C  ratio schedule; interval schedule

D  primary reinforcer; secondary reinforcer

A  science of behavior.

B  study of mental disorders and their treatment.

C  study of mental processes.

D  scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

A  hypothesis; theory

B  experiment; theory

C  experiment; hypothesis

D  theory; hypothesis

A  humanistic

B  biopsychosocial

C  biological

D  psychoanalytic

A  Skinner.

B  Pavlov.

C  Bandura.

D  Watson.

A  cognitive

B  behavioral

C  sociocultural

D  psychoanalytic

A  depression; acetylcholine

B  Alzheimer’s disease; serotonin

C  Alzheimer’s disease; norpinephrine

D  depression; serotonin

A  behavioral

B  psychoanalytic

C  cognitive

D  humanistic

A  humanistic

B  psychoanalytic

C  biological

D  cognitive

A  dopamine

B  acetylcholine

C  endorphins

D  adenosine

A  reciting a shopping list out loud

B  determining whether a painting she is hanging is straight or crooked

C  recognizing a familiar look on her boyfriend’s face

D  understanding a pun

A  naturalistic observation

B  experimental method

C  case study

D  correlational research

A  the specific reinforcer changes from trial to trial.

B  reinforcers are delivered after a fluctuating period of time.

C  reinforcers are delivered after pre-established time periods.

D  reinforcers are delivered after a changing number of responses.

A  biological

B  cognitive

C  psychoanalytic

D  sociocultural

A  vision

B  hearing

C  smell

D  touch

A  whether children mimic the model’s aggressive behavior

B  whether children see a film of an adult model or not

C  whether children are allowed to play with the doll after the film

D  whether the model in the film behaves aggressively or not

A  Skinner; classical

B  Pavlov; classical

C  Pavlov; operant

D  Skinner; operant

A  myelin.

B  terminal buds.

C  glial cells.

D  dendrites.

A  norepinephrine

B  dopamine

C  serotonin

D  GABA

A  language production; language comprehension

B  reading; speaking

C  reading; writing

D  language comprehension; language production

A  latent learning.

B  insight.

C  observational learning.

D  shaping.

A  free will

B  unconscious conflict.

C  natural selection.

D  environmental determinism.

A  branch-like fiber extending in clusters from a neuron’s cell body.

B  long, tube-like structure extending from a neuron’s cell body.

C  neuron’s cell body.

D  support cell in the nervous system.

A  decision-making

B  vision

C  hearing

D  motor coordination

A  joint.

B  signal.

C  gap.

D  chemical.

A  dependent; experimental

B  independent; dependent

C  dependent; independent

D  independent; control

A  learning.

B  perception.

C  cognition.

D  development.

A  theory.

B  operational definition.

C  variable.

D  hypothesis.

A  variable-interval

B  fixed-ratio

C  fixed-interval

D  variable-ratio