Unit 4 Quiz

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Question #1

Martin has been trying very hard to be friendly with Jeannie, but she just seems distant to him. Although he’s never done anything wrong to her, he finds that he no longer has an interest in being friends with her. It appears that the lack of ________ from Jeannie has ended Martin’s willingness to be warm and pleasant toward her.

A aesthetics

B similarity

C proximity

D reciprocity

Question #2

Every day on his way to work, Darnell passes a particular coffee shop. Before starting his job Darnell had never heard of the shop, but now that he sees it every day he stops there regularly and finds that it has become his favorite place to get a cup of coffee. According to research by Robert Zajonc, Darnell’s liking of the coffee shop is due to the ________ effect.

A proximal incentive

B proximity

C mere exposure

D intrinsic motivation

Question #3

Why does proximity seem to promote relationships between people?

A Because reciprocity is a natural consequence of proximity.

B Because proximity necessitates similarity.

C Because proximity makes it likely that both similarity and complementarity will develop.

D Because proximity promotes familiarity.

Question #4

Vondra and Mitzi live across the street from each other, but almost never interact. The only time they even see each other is when they are both getting into their cars to go to work in the morning. There has been no fight or conflict, but they simply have no cause to interact with each other. Which of the following would describe the relationship between the two women?

A They have low proximity and very low functional distance.

B They have low proximity and very high functional distance.

C They have close proximity and very low functional distance.

D They have close proximity and very high functional distance.

Question #5

The term that refers to physical nearness and plays a big part in the interpersonal attraction that develops between people is ________.

A complementarity

B reciprocity

C proximity

D tangentiality

Question #6

A passive- constructive

B passive-destructive

C active-destructive

D active-constructive

Question #7

When one person shares good news with another, and the second person shows true interest and enthusiasm for the news, they are engaging in ________ responding.

A competitive

B transactive

C cooperative

D active-constructive

Question #8

When a person actively seeks out another person with whom to share good news, they are engaging in ________.

A unification

B capitalization

C associative bonding

D active-constructive responding

Question #9

According to research by Baumeister and colleagues (2001), which of the following is true of negative encounters in a relationship?

A negative events overpower positive events in people’s lives

B negative events tend to get over-exaggerated in people’s minds

C most people actively seek out negative events on which to focus their attention

D what we regard as positive or negative is based on the time and context in which the event occurs

Question #10

Using the analogy of a bank account, experts suggest that people who want to increase the positive nature of their relationships should:

A avoid asking for loans.

B make more positive relationship deposits.

C reduce the number of penalties that are applied.

D take more interest in the other person.

Question #11

Jacqueline and Raquel have been married for 7 years, and both rate their marriage as happy and successful. One contributor to this is the rate of positive versus negative interactions that the two women have with each other. According to Gottman (1994), over time happy couples like this have at least _____ positive interactions to every one negative interaction.

A 12

B 7

C 5

D 9

Question #12

The ________ effect refers to the tendency of people to prefer stimuli that have been seen before over brand new stimuli.

A attractiveness halo

B familiarity

C mere exposure

D repeated contact

Question #13

According to ‘prototype theory’, which of the following people would be assessed as being the most attractive?

A Maya, who has average facial features.

B Ophelia, who is thin compared to her peers.

C Paulette, who has long hair that comes down to her waist.

D Nicolette, who is taller than other women her age.

Question #14

A typical, or average, member of a category is called a(n) ________. In attractiveness studies, it has been found that averageness actually increases attractiveness.

A concept

B schemata

C prototype

D exemplar

Question #15

The tendency to associate physical attractiveness with a variety of positive traits, such as sociability, intelligence, competence, and health, is called the attractiveness ________ effect.

A halo

B reactance

C reflex

D bias

Question #16

When Vincent attends a job interview he dresses in a suit and tie. He is very attractive in appearance. The interviewer has an immediate impression that Vincent is intelligent and competent. This is an example of the attractiveness ________ effect.

A attribution

B prejudice

C response

D halo

Question #17

Of the various domains of attractiveness, ________ attractiveness has received the most attention in research studies.

A social

B body

C facial

D vocal

Question #18

Which of the following is the best statement regarding our collective attitude toward attractiveness?

A We are ambivalent about attractiveness.

B We do not place much value at all in attractiveness.

C Attractiveness is important, but only for matters of romantic interest.

D We find that attractiveness is really the only thing that matters.

Question #19

Carl is at a movie where the main character has to endure the death of her husband. During the funeral scene, Carl cries a bit as he feels the pain of the widow’s loss. This ability to understand and relate to another person’s emotional experience is called ________.

A egoism

B empathy

C identification

D altruism

Question #20

The Dean of the Education department at a major college is awarded a $250,000 grant. He is allowed to pay himself out of that grant, and can also use the money for his department’s improvement. A study of how much he gives himself and how much he uses for other purposes would be studying the Dean’s ________.

A social value orientation

B response to a prisoner’s dilemma

C common=pool resource

D level of empathy and altruism

Question #21

The principle that people will make logical decisions based on maximizing their own gains and benefits is called

A reinforced affectivity.

B motivated egoism.

C incentivized anomie.

D rational self-interest.

Question #22

Carol and Martin are participating in the Prisoner’s Dilemma, where each is promised a certain amount of money for either cooperating or defecting. If Carol and Martin are married and their goal is to win the highest possible combined total of money, what should they each do?

A Carol should cooperate and Martin should defect.

B They should both cooperate.

C They should both defect.

D Martin should cooperate and Carol should defect.

Question #23

Diana and Paul decide to rob a fast food restaurant together but both are caught by the police. They are questioned in separate rooms and each is given the choice to reveal their participation or to stay quiet. If they are promised a lighter sentence for being cooperative and a harsher sentence for refusing to confess, they are engaged in the ________.

A prisoner’s dilemma

B separate interrogation maneuver

C good cop-bad cop ploy

D lineup schema

Question #24

The coordination of multiple partners toward a common goal that will benefit everyone involved is a working definition of _________.

A conformity

B compliance

C cooperation

D altruism

Question #25

Engaging in actions that benefit another person is called ________behavior.

A social

B prosocial

C sympathetic

D empathetic

Question #26

A decision-making process that compares how much time and effort would be invested in providing assistance to the perceived rewards or outcomes of that action is called a(n) _________.

A cost-benefit analysis

B pro-con assessment

C empathy-intervention appraisal

D prosocial potential evaluation

Question #27

Under which situation is diffusion of responsibility least likely to occur?

A when the potential helper is either older or male

B when there are several potential helpers nearby, all of whom can render assistance

C when the potential helper is the only one present who can help

D when the potential helper is either younger or female

Question #28

There are three friends – Masako, Elida, and Renata – who notice that one of the boys in their class looks very sad one morning and is holding back tears. Each of the girls thinks the others will ask him what is wrong and be supportive and so none of them say a word. This failure to act because they thought others would is called ________.

A diffusion of responsibility

B prosocial paralysis

C bystander apathy

D pluralistic ignorance

Question #29

Which of the following is defined as engaging acts that typically involve situations in which one person is in need and another provides the necessary assistance to eliminate the other’s need?

A altruism

B bystander intervention

C empathy

D helping

Question #30

The phenomenon in which people intervene to help others in need even if the other is a complete stranger and the intervention puts the helper in danger is called ________ intervention.

A bystander

B altruistic

C anonymous

D passerby

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