Final Exam

A  dominants.

B  phenotypes.

C  gametes.

D  genotypes.

E  alleles.

A  greater for males than for females.

B  much more than 50%.

C  much less than 100%.

D  more than for dizygotic twins.

A  interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.

B  Betz cells.

C  muscles of the fingers and thumb.

D  motor neurons that project to the fingers.

E  muscles of the hands and wrists.

A  glial cells.

B  sulci.

C  oligodendroglia.

D  neurons.

E  axons.

A  Parietal Lobe

B  Temporal Lobe

C  Broca’s Area

D  Frontal Lobe

A  Hippocampus

B  Basal Ganglia

C  Corpus Collasum

D  Frontal Lobe

A  Huntington’s disease.

B  Alzheimer’s disease.

C  MPTP poisoning.

D  epilepsy.

E  autotransplants.

A  protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord

B  all of these

C  supplies nutrients to the nervous system

D  removes waste products from cerebral metabolism

A  having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of “both arms” while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.

B  injecting his stump with curare.

C  injecting his stump with stem cells.

D  having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.

E  having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.

A  monoamines

B  indolamines

C  amino acids

D  catecholamines

A  hallucinations

B  inappropriate affect

C  incoherent speech or thought

D  delusions

E  all of these

A  floor.

B  tube.

C  mesoderm.

D  plate.

E  crest.

A  various kinds of small RNA molecules.

B  DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.

C  all of these

D  histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.

E  many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.

A  myelencephalon

B  metencephalon

C  telencephalon

D  mesencephalon

E  medulla

A  Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.

B  Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.

C  all of these

D  No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.

E  Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.

A  guano.

B  converging operations.

C  zeitgeist.

D  confounds.

A  perception of pain.

B  all of these

C  emotional reaction to pain.

D  adaptive responses to minimize pain.

E  expectation of pain.

A  somal translocation.

B  amoeboid migration.

C  growth cone translocation.

D  pioneer migration.

A  cerebral angiography

B  PET scans

C  CT scans

D  X-ray photography

E  pneumoencephalography

A  passing through the cribriform plate.

B  in the olfactory bulb.

C  all of these

D  in the nasal passages.

E  in the olfactory mucosa.

A  mediate reflexes.

B  terminate response sequences.

C  program specific patterns of movement.

D  provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.

E  specialize in guiding learned sequences.

A  GABA

B  glycine

C  serotonin

D  dopamine

E  glutamate

A  brain and the spinal cord.

B  ANS and the CNS.

C  SNS and the CNS.

D  PNS and the CNS.

E  ANS and the PNS.

A  analogous.

B  homologous.

C  none of these

D  convergent.

A  true experiments.

B  quasiexperiments.

C  randomized experiments.

D  unethical.

E  case studies.

A  testes.

B  the Wolffian system.

C  the frenulum.

D  ovaries.

E  the female sex ducts.

A  involve a suicide attempt.

B  last more than 2 weeks.

C  last less than 2 weeks.

D  NOT involve anhedonia.

E  be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.

A  dopamine.

B  glutamate receptors.

C  D1 receptors.

D  D2 receptors.

E  autoreceptors.

A  in the parietal cortex.

B  in the lateral fissure.

C  adjacent to SI.

D  all of these

E  none of these

A  CT

B  PET

C  MEG

D  MRI

E  fMRI

A  angiography

B  PET

C  functional MRI

D  CT

E  EEG

A  cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.

B  closed-head injuries of sudden onset.

C  brain infarcts.

D  cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.

A  acetylcholine.

B  norepinephrine.

C  L-dopa.

D  serotonin.

E  dopamine.

A  is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.

B  is a disease of CNS myelin.

C  all of these

D  is a progressive disorder.

E  attacks young adults.

A  mesencephalon.

B  metencephalon.

C  diencephalon.

D  myelencephalon.

E  telencephalon.

A  zygotes.

B  embryonic stem cells.

C  multipolar cells.

D  daughter cells.

E  ectodermal cells.

A  women have twice as much as men.

B  treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.

C  regeneration is not possible without it.

D  BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.

E  it plays an important role in mental health.

A  free nerve ending.

B  none of these

C  slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.

D  fast adapting cutaneous receptor.

A  none of these

B  all of these

C  central canal.

D  lateral ventricles.

E  subarachnoid space.

A  depolarizes cones.

B  opens potassium channels.

C  hyperpolarizes rods.

D  opens sodium channels.

E  depolarizes rods.

A  dihydrotestosterone

B  aromatization

C  dimorphic

D  cholesterol

E  alpha fetoprotein

A  multiple sclerosis.

B  absence epilepsy.

C  MPTP.

D  human epileptogenesis.

E  Parkinson’s disease.

A  small-molecule neurotransmitters.

B  dopamine.

C  acetylcholine.

D  neuropeptides.

E  glutamate.

A  lateral inhibition.

B  the cocktail sausage demonstration.

C  the complementary color afterimage demonstration.

D  color constancy.

E  the Mach band demonstration.

A  vestibular nucleus

B  ossicles

C  basilar membrane

D  semicircular canals

E  cochlea

A  retinotopically.

B  from left to right.

C  from top to bottom.

D  on the basis of wavelength.

E  ipsilaterally.

A  all of these

B  individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.

C  the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.

D  the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.

A  rapid

B  circuitous

C  intermediate

D  axonal

E  tangential

A  Ruffini Ending

B  Hypothalamus

C  Cochlea

D  Hippocampus

A  difficulty in maintaining steady postures.

B  inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.

C  inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.

D  all of these

E  severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.

A  ipsilaterally.

B  on the basis of wavelength.

C  retinotopically.

D  from left to right.

E  from top to bottom.

A  cortex.

B  ventricular system.

C  peripheral nervous system.

D  circulatory system of the brain.

E  neural tube.

A  8

B  700

C  16

D  12

E  4

A  vestibular nuclei.

B  reticular formation.

C  none of these

D  tectum.

E  all of these

A  neuroglia.

B  parts of the autonomic nervous system.

C  myelin.

D  neurons.

E  meninges.

A  anabolic steroids

B  John Money

C  Kluver-Bucy syndrome

D  sexual dimorphism

E  estrous cycle

A  behavioral psychology.

B  neuroscience.

C  biopsychology.

D  neurophysiology.

E  cognitive behavior.

A  None of these

B  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.

C  depressed people have high levels of monoamines.

D  depressed people have low levels of monoamines.

E  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.

A  enable them to achieve an erection.

B  increase their muscularity.

C  render them potent.

D  eliminate their sterility.

E  increase their sex drive.

A  all of these

B  Initiates movement.

C  Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.

D  Regulates movement.

E  None of these

A  neuropsychology

B  clinical psychology

C  psychopharmacology

D  physiological psychology

E  psychophysiology

A  EPSPs.

B  myelin.

C  voltage-activated ion channels.

D  ligand-activated ion channels.

E  nodes of Ranvier.

A  contrast.

B  straight lines.

C  circles.

D  movement.

E  dots of light.

A  the scotopic system.

B  rhodopsin.

C  rods.

D  the photopic system.

E  duplexity.

A  parasympathetic nervous system

B  cranial nerves

C  sympathetic nervous system

D  somatic nervous system

E  autonomic nervous system

A  its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.

B  its buttons are stimulated.

C  there is an EPSP.

D  there is an IPSP.

E  the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.

A  ovaries.

B  a Wolffian system.

C  testes.

D  a Müllerian system.

E  the penis.

A  all of these

B  brain.

C  cerebral hemispheres.

D  cerebellum.

E  great cerebral commissure.

A  “activation.”

B  “firing.”

C  “summation.”

D  “release.”

E  “all-or-none.”

A  superior colliculi.

B  red nucleus.

C  cerebral aqueduct.

D  substantia nigra.

E  periaqueductal gray.

A  correlational research.

B  case-study research.

C  pure research.

D  biopsychological research.

E  applied research.

A  hippocampus.

B  hypothalamus.

C  amygdala.

D  prefrontal cortex.

E  occipital cortex.

A  do not have tails.

B  do not have opposable thumbs.

C  have tails.

D  have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.

E  cannot walk upright for short distances.

A  hypercomplex cells.

B  simple cells or complex cells.

C  on-center or off-center cells.

D  complex cells or hypercomplex cells.

E  type A or type B cells.

A  is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.

B  is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.

C  can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.

D  occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.

E  occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.

A  all of these

B  thermal stimuli.

C  mechanical stimuli.

D  none of these

E  nociceptive stimuli.

A  all of these

B  passive.

C  none of these

D  apoptotic.

E  necrotic.

A  MRI

B  CT

C  angiography

D  PET

E  EEG

A  increase the number of synapses.

B  increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.

C  increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.

D  increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.

E  focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.

A  basal ganglia.

B  cerebellum.

C  parietal cortex.

D  structures of the medial temporal lobes.

E  hypothalamus.