Final Exam

A  dominants.

B  alleles.

C  gametes.

D  phenotypes.

E  genotypes.

A  greater for males than for females.

B  more than for dizygotic twins.

C  much less than 100%.

D  much more than 50%.

A  muscles of the hands and wrists.

B  interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.

C  Betz cells.

D  motor neurons that project to the fingers.

E  muscles of the fingers and thumb.

A  oligodendroglia.

B  sulci.

C  axons.

D  neurons.

E  glial cells.

A  Temporal Lobe

B  Parietal Lobe

C  Frontal Lobe

D  Broca’s Area

A  Frontal Lobe

B  Hippocampus

C  Corpus Collasum

D  Basal Ganglia

A  epilepsy.

B  autotransplants.

C  MPTP poisoning.

D  Alzheimer’s disease.

E  Huntington’s disease.

A  supplies nutrients to the nervous system

B  protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord

C  removes waste products from cerebral metabolism

D  all of these

A  injecting his stump with curare.

B  having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.

C  injecting his stump with stem cells.

D  having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.

E  having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of “both arms” while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.

A  monoamines

B  indolamines

C  amino acids

D  catecholamines

A  incoherent speech or thought

B  all of these

C  hallucinations

D  delusions

E  inappropriate affect

A  crest.

B  floor.

C  plate.

D  mesoderm.

E  tube.

A  various kinds of small RNA molecules.

B  many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.

C  histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.

D  all of these

E  DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.

A  medulla

B  telencephalon

C  mesencephalon

D  metencephalon

E  myelencephalon

A  Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.

B  Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.

C  Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.

D  No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.

E  all of these

A  zeitgeist.

B  converging operations.

C  guano.

D  confounds.

A  emotional reaction to pain.

B  expectation of pain.

C  adaptive responses to minimize pain.

D  perception of pain.

E  all of these

A  pioneer migration.

B  amoeboid migration.

C  growth cone translocation.

D  somal translocation.

A  X-ray photography

B  PET scans

C  cerebral angiography

D  pneumoencephalography

E  CT scans

A  in the nasal passages.

B  passing through the cribriform plate.

C  in the olfactory bulb.

D  all of these

E  in the olfactory mucosa.

A  specialize in guiding learned sequences.

B  provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.

C  program specific patterns of movement.

D  mediate reflexes.

E  terminate response sequences.

A  serotonin

B  glycine

C  GABA

D  dopamine

E  glutamate

A  brain and the spinal cord.

B  SNS and the CNS.

C  PNS and the CNS.

D  ANS and the CNS.

E  ANS and the PNS.

A  analogous.

B  none of these

C  homologous.

D  convergent.

A  quasiexperiments.

B  case studies.

C  true experiments.

D  randomized experiments.

E  unethical.

A  testes.

B  the female sex ducts.

C  the frenulum.

D  the Wolffian system.

E  ovaries.

A  last more than 2 weeks.

B  NOT involve anhedonia.

C  be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.

D  last less than 2 weeks.

E  involve a suicide attempt.

A  D1 receptors.

B  D2 receptors.

C  autoreceptors.

D  dopamine.

E  glutamate receptors.

A  none of these

B  in the parietal cortex.

C  in the lateral fissure.

D  all of these

E  adjacent to SI.

A  MEG

B  MRI

C  fMRI

D  CT

E  PET

A  EEG

B  angiography

C  functional MRI

D  PET

E  CT

A  brain infarcts.

B  cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.

C  cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.

D  closed-head injuries of sudden onset.

A  serotonin.

B  norepinephrine.

C  acetylcholine.

D  L-dopa.

E  dopamine.

A  attacks young adults.

B  is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.

C  is a disease of CNS myelin.

D  all of these

E  is a progressive disorder.

A  telencephalon.

B  myelencephalon.

C  diencephalon.

D  mesencephalon.

E  metencephalon.

A  embryonic stem cells.

B  daughter cells.

C  zygotes.

D  ectodermal cells.

E  multipolar cells.

A  regeneration is not possible without it.

B  it plays an important role in mental health.

C  BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.

D  treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.

E  women have twice as much as men.

A  none of these

B  fast adapting cutaneous receptor.

C  slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.

D  free nerve ending.

A  subarachnoid space.

B  central canal.

C  lateral ventricles.

D  none of these

E  all of these

A  opens sodium channels.

B  opens potassium channels.

C  depolarizes cones.

D  depolarizes rods.

E  hyperpolarizes rods.

A  aromatization

B  cholesterol

C  dihydrotestosterone

D  dimorphic

E  alpha fetoprotein

A  human epileptogenesis.

B  multiple sclerosis.

C  absence epilepsy.

D  Parkinson’s disease.

E  MPTP.

A  small-molecule neurotransmitters.

B  dopamine.

C  neuropeptides.

D  acetylcholine.

E  glutamate.

A  the complementary color afterimage demonstration.

B  the Mach band demonstration.

C  the cocktail sausage demonstration.

D  lateral inhibition.

E  color constancy.

A  vestibular nucleus

B  semicircular canals

C  ossicles

D  cochlea

E  basilar membrane

A  retinotopically.

B  on the basis of wavelength.

C  from top to bottom.

D  from left to right.

E  ipsilaterally.

A  individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.

B  the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.

C  all of these

D  the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.

A  intermediate

B  circuitous

C  tangential

D  rapid

E  axonal

A  Hippocampus

B  Ruffini Ending

C  Hypothalamus

D  Cochlea

A  inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.

B  inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.

C  difficulty in maintaining steady postures.

D  severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.

E  all of these

A  from top to bottom.

B  from left to right.

C  retinotopically.

D  on the basis of wavelength.

E  ipsilaterally.

A  cortex.

B  neural tube.

C  ventricular system.

D  peripheral nervous system.

E  circulatory system of the brain.

A  8

B  12

C  16

D  700

E  4

A  tectum.

B  vestibular nuclei.

C  reticular formation.

D  all of these

E  none of these

A  parts of the autonomic nervous system.

B  myelin.

C  neuroglia.

D  meninges.

E  neurons.

A  John Money

B  Kluver-Bucy syndrome

C  anabolic steroids

D  sexual dimorphism

E  estrous cycle

A  biopsychology.

B  neuroscience.

C  cognitive behavior.

D  behavioral psychology.

E  neurophysiology.

A  None of these

B  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.

C  depressed people have low levels of monoamines.

D  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.

E  depressed people have high levels of monoamines.

A  render them potent.

B  eliminate their sterility.

C  increase their muscularity.

D  increase their sex drive.

E  enable them to achieve an erection.

A  Initiates movement.

B  Regulates movement.

C  all of these

D  None of these

E  Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.

A  neuropsychology

B  psychopharmacology

C  clinical psychology

D  psychophysiology

E  physiological psychology

A  voltage-activated ion channels.

B  EPSPs.

C  myelin.

D  ligand-activated ion channels.

E  nodes of Ranvier.

A  dots of light.

B  circles.

C  contrast.

D  movement.

E  straight lines.

A  the scotopic system.

B  rhodopsin.

C  rods.

D  the photopic system.

E  duplexity.

A  sympathetic nervous system

B  somatic nervous system

C  autonomic nervous system

D  cranial nerves

E  parasympathetic nervous system

A  there is an EPSP.

B  the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.

C  there is an IPSP.

D  its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.

E  its buttons are stimulated.

A  a Müllerian system.

B  ovaries.

C  the penis.

D  a Wolffian system.

E  testes.

A  all of these

B  cerebral hemispheres.

C  cerebellum.

D  brain.

E  great cerebral commissure.

A  “release.”

B  “activation.”

C  “all-or-none.”

D  “summation.”

E  “firing.”

A  substantia nigra.

B  cerebral aqueduct.

C  red nucleus.

D  superior colliculi.

E  periaqueductal gray.

A  correlational research.

B  applied research.

C  pure research.

D  biopsychological research.

E  case-study research.

A  amygdala.

B  prefrontal cortex.

C  hippocampus.

D  hypothalamus.

E  occipital cortex.

A  cannot walk upright for short distances.

B  do not have tails.

C  have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.

D  do not have opposable thumbs.

E  have tails.

A  type A or type B cells.

B  simple cells or complex cells.

C  hypercomplex cells.

D  complex cells or hypercomplex cells.

E  on-center or off-center cells.

A  is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.

B  can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.

C  occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.

D  is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.

E  occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.

A  nociceptive stimuli.

B  none of these

C  thermal stimuli.

D  mechanical stimuli.

E  all of these

A  all of these

B  apoptotic.

C  none of these

D  passive.

E  necrotic.

A  PET

B  CT

C  MRI

D  EEG

E  angiography

A  increase the number of synapses.

B  focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.

C  increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.

D  increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.

E  increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.

A  hypothalamus.

B  structures of the medial temporal lobes.

C  cerebellum.

D  parietal cortex.

E  basal ganglia.