Final Exam

A  dominants.

B  alleles.

C  phenotypes.

D  genotypes.

E  gametes.

A  more than for dizygotic twins.

B  greater for males than for females.

C  much less than 100%.

D  much more than 50%.

A  muscles of the fingers and thumb.

B  motor neurons that project to the fingers.

C  muscles of the hands and wrists.

D  interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.

E  Betz cells.

A  neurons.

B  glial cells.

C  sulci.

D  oligodendroglia.

E  axons.

A  Temporal Lobe

B  Parietal Lobe

C  Broca’s Area

D  Frontal Lobe

A  Corpus Collasum

B  Basal Ganglia

C  Hippocampus

D  Frontal Lobe

A  MPTP poisoning.

B  Alzheimer’s disease.

C  autotransplants.

D  epilepsy.

E  Huntington’s disease.

A  removes waste products from cerebral metabolism

B  supplies nutrients to the nervous system

C  protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord

D  all of these

A  having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.

B  having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.

C  having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of “both arms” while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.

D  injecting his stump with stem cells.

E  injecting his stump with curare.

A  indolamines

B  catecholamines

C  monoamines

D  amino acids

A  incoherent speech or thought

B  inappropriate affect

C  all of these

D  hallucinations

E  delusions

A  tube.

B  plate.

C  floor.

D  mesoderm.

E  crest.

A  many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.

B  all of these

C  various kinds of small RNA molecules.

D  DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.

E  histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.

A  mesencephalon

B  myelencephalon

C  metencephalon

D  medulla

E  telencephalon

A  Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.

B  Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.

C  all of these

D  No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.

E  Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.

A  guano.

B  converging operations.

C  zeitgeist.

D  confounds.

A  emotional reaction to pain.

B  expectation of pain.

C  adaptive responses to minimize pain.

D  perception of pain.

E  all of these

A  growth cone translocation.

B  somal translocation.

C  pioneer migration.

D  amoeboid migration.

A  X-ray photography

B  CT scans

C  pneumoencephalography

D  cerebral angiography

E  PET scans

A  passing through the cribriform plate.

B  in the olfactory bulb.

C  in the olfactory mucosa.

D  in the nasal passages.

E  all of these

A  program specific patterns of movement.

B  mediate reflexes.

C  specialize in guiding learned sequences.

D  terminate response sequences.

E  provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.

A  serotonin

B  glutamate

C  GABA

D  glycine

E  dopamine

A  ANS and the CNS.

B  PNS and the CNS.

C  SNS and the CNS.

D  ANS and the PNS.

E  brain and the spinal cord.

A  convergent.

B  none of these

C  homologous.

D  analogous.

A  unethical.

B  quasiexperiments.

C  randomized experiments.

D  case studies.

E  true experiments.

A  the frenulum.

B  the female sex ducts.

C  the Wolffian system.

D  testes.

E  ovaries.

A  be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.

B  last more than 2 weeks.

C  last less than 2 weeks.

D  NOT involve anhedonia.

E  involve a suicide attempt.

A  glutamate receptors.

B  D1 receptors.

C  dopamine.

D  autoreceptors.

E  D2 receptors.

A  adjacent to SI.

B  all of these

C  in the parietal cortex.

D  in the lateral fissure.

E  none of these

A  MEG

B  fMRI

C  CT

D  MRI

E  PET

A  PET

B  angiography

C  CT

D  EEG

E  functional MRI

A  closed-head injuries of sudden onset.

B  brain infarcts.

C  cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.

D  cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.

A  L-dopa.

B  serotonin.

C  acetylcholine.

D  norepinephrine.

E  dopamine.

A  is a progressive disorder.

B  is a disease of CNS myelin.

C  attacks young adults.

D  all of these

E  is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.

A  mesencephalon.

B  metencephalon.

C  myelencephalon.

D  diencephalon.

E  telencephalon.

A  multipolar cells.

B  ectodermal cells.

C  daughter cells.

D  embryonic stem cells.

E  zygotes.

A  BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.

B  regeneration is not possible without it.

C  women have twice as much as men.

D  treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.

E  it plays an important role in mental health.

A  slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.

B  free nerve ending.

C  fast adapting cutaneous receptor.

D  none of these

A  lateral ventricles.

B  all of these

C  subarachnoid space.

D  none of these

E  central canal.

A  depolarizes rods.

B  opens sodium channels.

C  opens potassium channels.

D  hyperpolarizes rods.

E  depolarizes cones.

A  alpha fetoprotein

B  dihydrotestosterone

C  aromatization

D  dimorphic

E  cholesterol

A  human epileptogenesis.

B  Parkinson’s disease.

C  MPTP.

D  multiple sclerosis.

E  absence epilepsy.

A  acetylcholine.

B  glutamate.

C  dopamine.

D  small-molecule neurotransmitters.

E  neuropeptides.

A  the Mach band demonstration.

B  the cocktail sausage demonstration.

C  the complementary color afterimage demonstration.

D  lateral inhibition.

E  color constancy.

A  cochlea

B  vestibular nucleus

C  ossicles

D  semicircular canals

E  basilar membrane

A  ipsilaterally.

B  retinotopically.

C  from top to bottom.

D  on the basis of wavelength.

E  from left to right.

A  the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.

B  all of these

C  the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.

D  individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.

A  rapid

B  intermediate

C  circuitous

D  axonal

E  tangential

A  Hippocampus

B  Hypothalamus

C  Cochlea

D  Ruffini Ending

A  severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.

B  all of these

C  inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.

D  difficulty in maintaining steady postures.

E  inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.

A  retinotopically.

B  from top to bottom.

C  from left to right.

D  on the basis of wavelength.

E  ipsilaterally.

A  peripheral nervous system.

B  ventricular system.

C  cortex.

D  neural tube.

E  circulatory system of the brain.

A  12

B  8

C  700

D  4

E  16

A  all of these

B  tectum.

C  none of these

D  vestibular nuclei.

E  reticular formation.

A  neurons.

B  meninges.

C  parts of the autonomic nervous system.

D  neuroglia.

E  myelin.

A  Kluver-Bucy syndrome

B  anabolic steroids

C  John Money

D  sexual dimorphism

E  estrous cycle

A  neuroscience.

B  behavioral psychology.

C  biopsychology.

D  neurophysiology.

E  cognitive behavior.

A  depressed people have high levels of monoamines.

B  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.

C  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.

D  depressed people have low levels of monoamines.

E  None of these

A  increase their sex drive.

B  enable them to achieve an erection.

C  increase their muscularity.

D  eliminate their sterility.

E  render them potent.

A  all of these

B  Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.

C  Initiates movement.

D  Regulates movement.

E  None of these

A  clinical psychology

B  psychophysiology

C  physiological psychology

D  neuropsychology

E  psychopharmacology

A  voltage-activated ion channels.

B  nodes of Ranvier.

C  myelin.

D  EPSPs.

E  ligand-activated ion channels.

A  contrast.

B  dots of light.

C  circles.

D  movement.

E  straight lines.

A  the scotopic system.

B  rhodopsin.

C  the photopic system.

D  duplexity.

E  rods.

A  cranial nerves

B  parasympathetic nervous system

C  autonomic nervous system

D  sympathetic nervous system

E  somatic nervous system

A  there is an EPSP.

B  there is an IPSP.

C  its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.

D  the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.

E  its buttons are stimulated.

A  a Müllerian system.

B  the penis.

C  testes.

D  ovaries.

E  a Wolffian system.

A  cerebellum.

B  brain.

C  great cerebral commissure.

D  all of these

E  cerebral hemispheres.

A  “release.”

B  “activation.”

C  “summation.”

D  “all-or-none.”

E  “firing.”

A  cerebral aqueduct.

B  periaqueductal gray.

C  superior colliculi.

D  substantia nigra.

E  red nucleus.

A  correlational research.

B  pure research.

C  applied research.

D  case-study research.

E  biopsychological research.

A  amygdala.

B  hypothalamus.

C  prefrontal cortex.

D  hippocampus.

E  occipital cortex.

A  do not have tails.

B  have tails.

C  have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.

D  cannot walk upright for short distances.

E  do not have opposable thumbs.

A  simple cells or complex cells.

B  complex cells or hypercomplex cells.

C  hypercomplex cells.

D  on-center or off-center cells.

E  type A or type B cells.

A  is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.

B  can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.

C  is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.

D  occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.

E  occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.

A  all of these

B  thermal stimuli.

C  mechanical stimuli.

D  none of these

E  nociceptive stimuli.

A  necrotic.

B  all of these

C  apoptotic.

D  none of these

E  passive.

A  EEG

B  PET

C  CT

D  angiography

E  MRI

A  increase the number of synapses.

B  increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.

C  focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.

D  increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.

E  increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.

A  cerebellum.

B  structures of the medial temporal lobes.

C  hypothalamus.

D  parietal cortex.

E  basal ganglia.