Final Exam

A  phenotypes.

B  dominants.

C  gametes.

D  alleles.

E  genotypes.

A  greater for males than for females.

B  much more than 50%.

C  more than for dizygotic twins.

D  much less than 100%.

A  interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.

B  motor neurons that project to the fingers.

C  Betz cells.

D  muscles of the hands and wrists.

E  muscles of the fingers and thumb.

A  neurons.

B  axons.

C  glial cells.

D  oligodendroglia.

E  sulci.

A  Parietal Lobe

B  Frontal Lobe

C  Broca’s Area

D  Temporal Lobe

A  Hippocampus

B  Corpus Collasum

C  Basal Ganglia

D  Frontal Lobe

A  Alzheimer’s disease.

B  MPTP poisoning.

C  Huntington’s disease.

D  autotransplants.

E  epilepsy.

A  all of these

B  supplies nutrients to the nervous system

C  removes waste products from cerebral metabolism

D  protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord

A  injecting his stump with stem cells.

B  injecting his stump with curare.

C  having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of “both arms” while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.

D  having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.

E  having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.

A  catecholamines

B  indolamines

C  amino acids

D  monoamines

A  delusions

B  incoherent speech or thought

C  hallucinations

D  inappropriate affect

E  all of these

A  crest.

B  tube.

C  plate.

D  floor.

E  mesoderm.

A  all of these

B  DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.

C  various kinds of small RNA molecules.

D  histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.

E  many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.

A  telencephalon

B  mesencephalon

C  myelencephalon

D  metencephalon

E  medulla

A  Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.

B  No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.

C  all of these

D  Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.

E  Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.

A  zeitgeist.

B  converging operations.

C  guano.

D  confounds.

A  expectation of pain.

B  adaptive responses to minimize pain.

C  all of these

D  emotional reaction to pain.

E  perception of pain.

A  growth cone translocation.

B  pioneer migration.

C  amoeboid migration.

D  somal translocation.

A  CT scans

B  PET scans

C  cerebral angiography

D  pneumoencephalography

E  X-ray photography

A  in the nasal passages.

B  in the olfactory bulb.

C  all of these

D  in the olfactory mucosa.

E  passing through the cribriform plate.

A  program specific patterns of movement.

B  provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.

C  specialize in guiding learned sequences.

D  terminate response sequences.

E  mediate reflexes.

A  serotonin

B  GABA

C  glutamate

D  dopamine

E  glycine

A  ANS and the PNS.

B  ANS and the CNS.

C  SNS and the CNS.

D  PNS and the CNS.

E  brain and the spinal cord.

A  convergent.

B  none of these

C  homologous.

D  analogous.

A  case studies.

B  unethical.

C  randomized experiments.

D  quasiexperiments.

E  true experiments.

A  the frenulum.

B  testes.

C  the Wolffian system.

D  the female sex ducts.

E  ovaries.

A  last less than 2 weeks.

B  be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.

C  last more than 2 weeks.

D  NOT involve anhedonia.

E  involve a suicide attempt.

A  dopamine.

B  D1 receptors.

C  autoreceptors.

D  D2 receptors.

E  glutamate receptors.

A  in the lateral fissure.

B  in the parietal cortex.

C  adjacent to SI.

D  all of these

E  none of these

A  CT

B  PET

C  MEG

D  MRI

E  fMRI

A  angiography

B  PET

C  CT

D  functional MRI

E  EEG

A  cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.

B  brain infarcts.

C  cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.

D  closed-head injuries of sudden onset.

A  dopamine.

B  acetylcholine.

C  L-dopa.

D  norepinephrine.

E  serotonin.

A  all of these

B  is a progressive disorder.

C  is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.

D  attacks young adults.

E  is a disease of CNS myelin.

A  mesencephalon.

B  telencephalon.

C  diencephalon.

D  metencephalon.

E  myelencephalon.

A  ectodermal cells.

B  embryonic stem cells.

C  daughter cells.

D  multipolar cells.

E  zygotes.

A  treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.

B  regeneration is not possible without it.

C  women have twice as much as men.

D  it plays an important role in mental health.

E  BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.

A  slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.

B  free nerve ending.

C  none of these

D  fast adapting cutaneous receptor.

A  subarachnoid space.

B  all of these

C  lateral ventricles.

D  central canal.

E  none of these

A  opens potassium channels.

B  hyperpolarizes rods.

C  depolarizes rods.

D  depolarizes cones.

E  opens sodium channels.

A  dimorphic

B  aromatization

C  dihydrotestosterone

D  cholesterol

E  alpha fetoprotein

A  human epileptogenesis.

B  absence epilepsy.

C  Parkinson’s disease.

D  MPTP.

E  multiple sclerosis.

A  dopamine.

B  neuropeptides.

C  acetylcholine.

D  glutamate.

E  small-molecule neurotransmitters.

A  lateral inhibition.

B  color constancy.

C  the complementary color afterimage demonstration.

D  the cocktail sausage demonstration.

E  the Mach band demonstration.

A  basilar membrane

B  ossicles

C  vestibular nucleus

D  cochlea

E  semicircular canals

A  from left to right.

B  on the basis of wavelength.

C  from top to bottom.

D  ipsilaterally.

E  retinotopically.

A  individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.

B  the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.

C  the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.

D  all of these

A  tangential

B  axonal

C  circuitous

D  intermediate

E  rapid

A  Hypothalamus

B  Cochlea

C  Hippocampus

D  Ruffini Ending

A  inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.

B  inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.

C  severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.

D  all of these

E  difficulty in maintaining steady postures.

A  on the basis of wavelength.

B  ipsilaterally.

C  from left to right.

D  from top to bottom.

E  retinotopically.

A  peripheral nervous system.

B  circulatory system of the brain.

C  ventricular system.

D  neural tube.

E  cortex.

A  4

B  12

C  700

D  8

E  16

A  tectum.

B  vestibular nuclei.

C  none of these

D  all of these

E  reticular formation.

A  meninges.

B  neurons.

C  neuroglia.

D  parts of the autonomic nervous system.

E  myelin.

A  sexual dimorphism

B  John Money

C  estrous cycle

D  anabolic steroids

E  Kluver-Bucy syndrome

A  neuroscience.

B  cognitive behavior.

C  behavioral psychology.

D  biopsychology.

E  neurophysiology.

A  depressed people have high levels of monoamines.

B  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.

C  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.

D  depressed people have low levels of monoamines.

E  None of these

A  render them potent.

B  eliminate their sterility.

C  enable them to achieve an erection.

D  increase their muscularity.

E  increase their sex drive.

A  Initiates movement.

B  None of these

C  Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.

D  all of these

E  Regulates movement.

A  psychopharmacology

B  physiological psychology

C  clinical psychology

D  neuropsychology

E  psychophysiology

A  ligand-activated ion channels.

B  myelin.

C  EPSPs.

D  nodes of Ranvier.

E  voltage-activated ion channels.

A  dots of light.

B  contrast.

C  straight lines.

D  movement.

E  circles.

A  rhodopsin.

B  duplexity.

C  the photopic system.

D  the scotopic system.

E  rods.

A  autonomic nervous system

B  somatic nervous system

C  parasympathetic nervous system

D  sympathetic nervous system

E  cranial nerves

A  the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.

B  there is an IPSP.

C  its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.

D  its buttons are stimulated.

E  there is an EPSP.

A  a Wolffian system.

B  testes.

C  a Müllerian system.

D  the penis.

E  ovaries.

A  cerebellum.

B  all of these

C  brain.

D  cerebral hemispheres.

E  great cerebral commissure.

A  “activation.”

B  “release.”

C  “firing.”

D  “all-or-none.”

E  “summation.”

A  red nucleus.

B  superior colliculi.

C  substantia nigra.

D  cerebral aqueduct.

E  periaqueductal gray.

A  case-study research.

B  applied research.

C  biopsychological research.

D  correlational research.

E  pure research.

A  amygdala.

B  occipital cortex.

C  hippocampus.

D  hypothalamus.

E  prefrontal cortex.

A  do not have tails.

B  cannot walk upright for short distances.

C  have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.

D  do not have opposable thumbs.

E  have tails.

A  type A or type B cells.

B  on-center or off-center cells.

C  simple cells or complex cells.

D  complex cells or hypercomplex cells.

E  hypercomplex cells.

A  can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.

B  occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.

C  is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.

D  occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.

E  is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.

A  all of these

B  nociceptive stimuli.

C  thermal stimuli.

D  mechanical stimuli.

E  none of these

A  none of these

B  passive.

C  all of these

D  apoptotic.

E  necrotic.

A  MRI

B  PET

C  CT

D  EEG

E  angiography

A  focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.

B  increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.

C  increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.

D  increase the number of synapses.

E  increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.

A  structures of the medial temporal lobes.

B  hypothalamus.

C  parietal cortex.

D  basal ganglia.

E  cerebellum.