Final Exam

A  phenotypes.

B  genotypes.

C  dominants.

D  alleles.

E  gametes.

A  more than for dizygotic twins.

B  much less than 100%.

C  much more than 50%.

D  greater for males than for females.

A  muscles of the fingers and thumb.

B  muscles of the hands and wrists.

C  Betz cells.

D  interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.

E  motor neurons that project to the fingers.

A  axons.

B  sulci.

C  oligodendroglia.

D  neurons.

E  glial cells.

A  Parietal Lobe

B  Frontal Lobe

C  Temporal Lobe

D  Broca’s Area

A  Hippocampus

B  Basal Ganglia

C  Corpus Collasum

D  Frontal Lobe

A  MPTP poisoning.

B  Alzheimer’s disease.

C  Huntington’s disease.

D  autotransplants.

E  epilepsy.

A  removes waste products from cerebral metabolism

B  supplies nutrients to the nervous system

C  protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord

D  all of these

A  injecting his stump with curare.

B  having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.

C  having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of “both arms” while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.

D  injecting his stump with stem cells.

E  having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.

A  monoamines

B  amino acids

C  catecholamines

D  indolamines

A  hallucinations

B  delusions

C  inappropriate affect

D  incoherent speech or thought

E  all of these

A  floor.

B  tube.

C  crest.

D  plate.

E  mesoderm.

A  histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.

B  all of these

C  various kinds of small RNA molecules.

D  DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.

E  many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.

A  myelencephalon

B  medulla

C  telencephalon

D  metencephalon

E  mesencephalon

A  all of these

B  Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.

C  No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.

D  Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.

E  Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.

A  converging operations.

B  confounds.

C  zeitgeist.

D  guano.

A  emotional reaction to pain.

B  perception of pain.

C  expectation of pain.

D  adaptive responses to minimize pain.

E  all of these

A  somal translocation.

B  growth cone translocation.

C  pioneer migration.

D  amoeboid migration.

A  PET scans

B  pneumoencephalography

C  cerebral angiography

D  CT scans

E  X-ray photography

A  passing through the cribriform plate.

B  all of these

C  in the nasal passages.

D  in the olfactory mucosa.

E  in the olfactory bulb.

A  specialize in guiding learned sequences.

B  program specific patterns of movement.

C  mediate reflexes.

D  provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.

E  terminate response sequences.

A  dopamine

B  serotonin

C  glutamate

D  GABA

E  glycine

A  ANS and the PNS.

B  PNS and the CNS.

C  brain and the spinal cord.

D  ANS and the CNS.

E  SNS and the CNS.

A  convergent.

B  homologous.

C  analogous.

D  none of these

A  randomized experiments.

B  quasiexperiments.

C  true experiments.

D  case studies.

E  unethical.

A  ovaries.

B  the Wolffian system.

C  testes.

D  the frenulum.

E  the female sex ducts.

A  last less than 2 weeks.

B  be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.

C  involve a suicide attempt.

D  NOT involve anhedonia.

E  last more than 2 weeks.

A  dopamine.

B  glutamate receptors.

C  autoreceptors.

D  D1 receptors.

E  D2 receptors.

A  none of these

B  in the parietal cortex.

C  in the lateral fissure.

D  all of these

E  adjacent to SI.

A  PET

B  MEG

C  MRI

D  fMRI

E  CT

A  EEG

B  angiography

C  CT

D  functional MRI

E  PET

A  cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.

B  brain infarcts.

C  closed-head injuries of sudden onset.

D  cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.

A  serotonin.

B  norepinephrine.

C  L-dopa.

D  acetylcholine.

E  dopamine.

A  is a progressive disorder.

B  is a disease of CNS myelin.

C  is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.

D  attacks young adults.

E  all of these

A  diencephalon.

B  metencephalon.

C  mesencephalon.

D  telencephalon.

E  myelencephalon.

A  ectodermal cells.

B  embryonic stem cells.

C  zygotes.

D  daughter cells.

E  multipolar cells.

A  it plays an important role in mental health.

B  BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.

C  regeneration is not possible without it.

D  women have twice as much as men.

E  treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.

A  free nerve ending.

B  slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.

C  fast adapting cutaneous receptor.

D  none of these

A  subarachnoid space.

B  central canal.

C  none of these

D  all of these

E  lateral ventricles.

A  opens potassium channels.

B  opens sodium channels.

C  depolarizes cones.

D  hyperpolarizes rods.

E  depolarizes rods.

A  dihydrotestosterone

B  alpha fetoprotein

C  cholesterol

D  dimorphic

E  aromatization

A  human epileptogenesis.

B  multiple sclerosis.

C  absence epilepsy.

D  Parkinson’s disease.

E  MPTP.

A  acetylcholine.

B  dopamine.

C  glutamate.

D  small-molecule neurotransmitters.

E  neuropeptides.

A  the complementary color afterimage demonstration.

B  the cocktail sausage demonstration.

C  the Mach band demonstration.

D  lateral inhibition.

E  color constancy.

A  basilar membrane

B  vestibular nucleus

C  ossicles

D  semicircular canals

E  cochlea

A  from top to bottom.

B  on the basis of wavelength.

C  retinotopically.

D  ipsilaterally.

E  from left to right.

A  the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.

B  all of these

C  individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.

D  the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.

A  intermediate

B  tangential

C  rapid

D  axonal

E  circuitous

A  Cochlea

B  Hippocampus

C  Hypothalamus

D  Ruffini Ending

A  inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.

B  severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.

C  difficulty in maintaining steady postures.

D  all of these

E  inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.

A  from top to bottom.

B  ipsilaterally.

C  on the basis of wavelength.

D  from left to right.

E  retinotopically.

A  cortex.

B  ventricular system.

C  neural tube.

D  circulatory system of the brain.

E  peripheral nervous system.

A  700

B  8

C  16

D  12

E  4

A  tectum.

B  none of these

C  all of these

D  vestibular nuclei.

E  reticular formation.

A  parts of the autonomic nervous system.

B  neuroglia.

C  neurons.

D  meninges.

E  myelin.

A  estrous cycle

B  anabolic steroids

C  sexual dimorphism

D  Kluver-Bucy syndrome

E  John Money

A  cognitive behavior.

B  neurophysiology.

C  biopsychology.

D  neuroscience.

E  behavioral psychology.

A  depressed people have low levels of monoamines.

B  None of these

C  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.

D  depressed people have high levels of monoamines.

E  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.

A  increase their muscularity.

B  increase their sex drive.

C  render them potent.

D  enable them to achieve an erection.

E  eliminate their sterility.

A  Regulates movement.

B  Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.

C  None of these

D  all of these

E  Initiates movement.

A  psychopharmacology

B  psychophysiology

C  physiological psychology

D  neuropsychology

E  clinical psychology

A  ligand-activated ion channels.

B  nodes of Ranvier.

C  EPSPs.

D  myelin.

E  voltage-activated ion channels.

A  movement.

B  contrast.

C  circles.

D  dots of light.

E  straight lines.

A  rhodopsin.

B  the scotopic system.

C  duplexity.

D  rods.

E  the photopic system.

A  autonomic nervous system

B  cranial nerves

C  sympathetic nervous system

D  somatic nervous system

E  parasympathetic nervous system

A  its buttons are stimulated.

B  its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.

C  there is an IPSP.

D  the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.

E  there is an EPSP.

A  testes.

B  ovaries.

C  the penis.

D  a Müllerian system.

E  a Wolffian system.

A  all of these

B  great cerebral commissure.

C  brain.

D  cerebral hemispheres.

E  cerebellum.

A  “activation.”

B  “release.”

C  “summation.”

D  “firing.”

E  “all-or-none.”

A  substantia nigra.

B  superior colliculi.

C  cerebral aqueduct.

D  periaqueductal gray.

E  red nucleus.

A  correlational research.

B  pure research.

C  applied research.

D  case-study research.

E  biopsychological research.

A  amygdala.

B  occipital cortex.

C  hypothalamus.

D  prefrontal cortex.

E  hippocampus.

A  cannot walk upright for short distances.

B  have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.

C  have tails.

D  do not have opposable thumbs.

E  do not have tails.

A  on-center or off-center cells.

B  hypercomplex cells.

C  type A or type B cells.

D  complex cells or hypercomplex cells.

E  simple cells or complex cells.

A  is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.

B  occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.

C  occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.

D  is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.

E  can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.

A  nociceptive stimuli.

B  mechanical stimuli.

C  all of these

D  none of these

E  thermal stimuli.

A  all of these

B  necrotic.

C  apoptotic.

D  none of these

E  passive.

A  EEG

B  angiography

C  MRI

D  CT

E  PET

A  focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.

B  increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.

C  increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.

D  increase the number of synapses.

E  increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.

A  cerebellum.

B  parietal cortex.

C  structures of the medial temporal lobes.

D  hypothalamus.

E  basal ganglia.