Final Exam

A  gametes.

B  phenotypes.

C  genotypes.

D  alleles.

E  dominants.

A  much more than 50%.

B  more than for dizygotic twins.

C  greater for males than for females.

D  much less than 100%.

A  Betz cells.

B  muscles of the fingers and thumb.

C  motor neurons that project to the fingers.

D  muscles of the hands and wrists.

E  interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.

A  glial cells.

B  oligodendroglia.

C  sulci.

D  neurons.

E  axons.

A  Frontal Lobe

B  Broca’s Area

C  Parietal Lobe

D  Temporal Lobe

A  Basal Ganglia

B  Corpus Collasum

C  Hippocampus

D  Frontal Lobe

A  MPTP poisoning.

B  Huntington’s disease.

C  epilepsy.

D  Alzheimer’s disease.

E  autotransplants.

A  removes waste products from cerebral metabolism

B  protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord

C  all of these

D  supplies nutrients to the nervous system

A  having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of “both arms” while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.

B  injecting his stump with stem cells.

C  having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.

D  having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.

E  injecting his stump with curare.

A  amino acids

B  indolamines

C  catecholamines

D  monoamines

A  hallucinations

B  all of these

C  inappropriate affect

D  incoherent speech or thought

E  delusions

A  floor.

B  tube.

C  crest.

D  mesoderm.

E  plate.

A  various kinds of small RNA molecules.

B  all of these

C  DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.

D  many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.

E  histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.

A  telencephalon

B  metencephalon

C  medulla

D  mesencephalon

E  myelencephalon

A  Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.

B  all of these

C  Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.

D  No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.

E  Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.

A  converging operations.

B  zeitgeist.

C  confounds.

D  guano.

A  emotional reaction to pain.

B  perception of pain.

C  all of these

D  adaptive responses to minimize pain.

E  expectation of pain.

A  amoeboid migration.

B  pioneer migration.

C  somal translocation.

D  growth cone translocation.

A  cerebral angiography

B  CT scans

C  pneumoencephalography

D  X-ray photography

E  PET scans

A  all of these

B  in the nasal passages.

C  in the olfactory bulb.

D  in the olfactory mucosa.

E  passing through the cribriform plate.

A  program specific patterns of movement.

B  specialize in guiding learned sequences.

C  terminate response sequences.

D  mediate reflexes.

E  provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.

A  glutamate

B  dopamine

C  GABA

D  glycine

E  serotonin

A  SNS and the CNS.

B  brain and the spinal cord.

C  ANS and the CNS.

D  PNS and the CNS.

E  ANS and the PNS.

A  none of these

B  convergent.

C  analogous.

D  homologous.

A  quasiexperiments.

B  true experiments.

C  randomized experiments.

D  case studies.

E  unethical.

A  testes.

B  the Wolffian system.

C  the frenulum.

D  the female sex ducts.

E  ovaries.

A  last more than 2 weeks.

B  involve a suicide attempt.

C  last less than 2 weeks.

D  be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.

E  NOT involve anhedonia.

A  dopamine.

B  autoreceptors.

C  glutamate receptors.

D  D2 receptors.

E  D1 receptors.

A  adjacent to SI.

B  in the parietal cortex.

C  none of these

D  in the lateral fissure.

E  all of these

A  PET

B  MRI

C  MEG

D  CT

E  fMRI

A  CT

B  angiography

C  EEG

D  functional MRI

E  PET

A  cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.

B  cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.

C  brain infarcts.

D  closed-head injuries of sudden onset.

A  serotonin.

B  acetylcholine.

C  L-dopa.

D  dopamine.

E  norepinephrine.

A  all of these

B  is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.

C  attacks young adults.

D  is a progressive disorder.

E  is a disease of CNS myelin.

A  telencephalon.

B  diencephalon.

C  myelencephalon.

D  mesencephalon.

E  metencephalon.

A  multipolar cells.

B  daughter cells.

C  embryonic stem cells.

D  zygotes.

E  ectodermal cells.

A  regeneration is not possible without it.

B  it plays an important role in mental health.

C  treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.

D  BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.

E  women have twice as much as men.

A  free nerve ending.

B  slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.

C  fast adapting cutaneous receptor.

D  none of these

A  all of these

B  lateral ventricles.

C  none of these

D  central canal.

E  subarachnoid space.

A  depolarizes cones.

B  opens potassium channels.

C  opens sodium channels.

D  hyperpolarizes rods.

E  depolarizes rods.

A  dihydrotestosterone

B  dimorphic

C  aromatization

D  cholesterol

E  alpha fetoprotein

A  MPTP.

B  multiple sclerosis.

C  absence epilepsy.

D  human epileptogenesis.

E  Parkinson’s disease.

A  glutamate.

B  acetylcholine.

C  small-molecule neurotransmitters.

D  dopamine.

E  neuropeptides.

A  color constancy.

B  the complementary color afterimage demonstration.

C  lateral inhibition.

D  the cocktail sausage demonstration.

E  the Mach band demonstration.

A  ossicles

B  vestibular nucleus

C  cochlea

D  basilar membrane

E  semicircular canals

A  retinotopically.

B  ipsilaterally.

C  from left to right.

D  on the basis of wavelength.

E  from top to bottom.

A  all of these

B  the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.

C  the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.

D  individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.

A  tangential

B  intermediate

C  rapid

D  circuitous

E  axonal

A  Ruffini Ending

B  Hypothalamus

C  Hippocampus

D  Cochlea

A  difficulty in maintaining steady postures.

B  all of these

C  inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.

D  severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.

E  inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.

A  on the basis of wavelength.

B  ipsilaterally.

C  from top to bottom.

D  retinotopically.

E  from left to right.

A  circulatory system of the brain.

B  cortex.

C  peripheral nervous system.

D  ventricular system.

E  neural tube.

A  12

B  700

C  16

D  4

E  8

A  reticular formation.

B  none of these

C  vestibular nuclei.

D  all of these

E  tectum.

A  meninges.

B  neuroglia.

C  myelin.

D  parts of the autonomic nervous system.

E  neurons.

A  sexual dimorphism

B  John Money

C  estrous cycle

D  anabolic steroids

E  Kluver-Bucy syndrome

A  behavioral psychology.

B  biopsychology.

C  neurophysiology.

D  neuroscience.

E  cognitive behavior.

A  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.

B  depressed people have low levels of monoamines.

C  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.

D  depressed people have high levels of monoamines.

E  None of these

A  eliminate their sterility.

B  increase their muscularity.

C  render them potent.

D  enable them to achieve an erection.

E  increase their sex drive.

A  None of these

B  Regulates movement.

C  all of these

D  Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.

E  Initiates movement.

A  clinical psychology

B  psychophysiology

C  neuropsychology

D  psychopharmacology

E  physiological psychology

A  voltage-activated ion channels.

B  ligand-activated ion channels.

C  nodes of Ranvier.

D  EPSPs.

E  myelin.

A  straight lines.

B  movement.

C  dots of light.

D  circles.

E  contrast.

A  the photopic system.

B  duplexity.

C  rhodopsin.

D  the scotopic system.

E  rods.

A  autonomic nervous system

B  parasympathetic nervous system

C  somatic nervous system

D  sympathetic nervous system

E  cranial nerves

A  the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.

B  there is an IPSP.

C  there is an EPSP.

D  its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.

E  its buttons are stimulated.

A  ovaries.

B  testes.

C  a Müllerian system.

D  a Wolffian system.

E  the penis.

A  cerebellum.

B  brain.

C  cerebral hemispheres.

D  great cerebral commissure.

E  all of these

A  “summation.”

B  “release.”

C  “firing.”

D  “all-or-none.”

E  “activation.”

A  superior colliculi.

B  substantia nigra.

C  red nucleus.

D  cerebral aqueduct.

E  periaqueductal gray.

A  biopsychological research.

B  pure research.

C  applied research.

D  correlational research.

E  case-study research.

A  amygdala.

B  occipital cortex.

C  hippocampus.

D  prefrontal cortex.

E  hypothalamus.

A  have tails.

B  cannot walk upright for short distances.

C  do not have opposable thumbs.

D  have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.

E  do not have tails.

A  complex cells or hypercomplex cells.

B  type A or type B cells.

C  hypercomplex cells.

D  simple cells or complex cells.

E  on-center or off-center cells.

A  is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.

B  occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.

C  occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.

D  can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.

E  is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.

A  mechanical stimuli.

B  none of these

C  all of these

D  thermal stimuli.

E  nociceptive stimuli.

A  apoptotic.

B  necrotic.

C  none of these

D  all of these

E  passive.

A  EEG

B  PET

C  MRI

D  CT

E  angiography

A  focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.

B  increase the number of synapses.

C  increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.

D  increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.

E  increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.

A  structures of the medial temporal lobes.

B  cerebellum.

C  hypothalamus.

D  parietal cortex.

E  basal ganglia.