Final Exam

A  genotypes.

B  alleles.

C  gametes.

D  phenotypes.

E  dominants.

A  greater for males than for females.

B  more than for dizygotic twins.

C  much less than 100%.

D  much more than 50%.

A  muscles of the fingers and thumb.

B  interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.

C  Betz cells.

D  muscles of the hands and wrists.

E  motor neurons that project to the fingers.

A  neurons.

B  oligodendroglia.

C  sulci.

D  axons.

E  glial cells.

A  Frontal Lobe

B  Parietal Lobe

C  Temporal Lobe

D  Broca’s Area

A  Basal Ganglia

B  Corpus Collasum

C  Frontal Lobe

D  Hippocampus

A  epilepsy.

B  MPTP poisoning.

C  Huntington’s disease.

D  Alzheimer’s disease.

E  autotransplants.

A  all of these

B  supplies nutrients to the nervous system

C  protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord

D  removes waste products from cerebral metabolism

A  having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of “both arms” while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.

B  having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.

C  injecting his stump with curare.

D  injecting his stump with stem cells.

E  having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.

A  indolamines

B  catecholamines

C  amino acids

D  monoamines

A  incoherent speech or thought

B  hallucinations

C  delusions

D  all of these

E  inappropriate affect

A  crest.

B  plate.

C  floor.

D  mesoderm.

E  tube.

A  various kinds of small RNA molecules.

B  all of these

C  DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.

D  many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.

E  histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.

A  myelencephalon

B  telencephalon

C  medulla

D  mesencephalon

E  metencephalon

A  Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.

B  all of these

C  Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.

D  Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.

E  No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.

A  confounds.

B  converging operations.

C  zeitgeist.

D  guano.

A  all of these

B  adaptive responses to minimize pain.

C  perception of pain.

D  emotional reaction to pain.

E  expectation of pain.

A  amoeboid migration.

B  somal translocation.

C  growth cone translocation.

D  pioneer migration.

A  cerebral angiography

B  pneumoencephalography

C  X-ray photography

D  CT scans

E  PET scans

A  in the nasal passages.

B  in the olfactory mucosa.

C  in the olfactory bulb.

D  passing through the cribriform plate.

E  all of these

A  provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.

B  mediate reflexes.

C  program specific patterns of movement.

D  terminate response sequences.

E  specialize in guiding learned sequences.

A  glutamate

B  GABA

C  glycine

D  dopamine

E  serotonin

A  ANS and the PNS.

B  SNS and the CNS.

C  brain and the spinal cord.

D  ANS and the CNS.

E  PNS and the CNS.

A  analogous.

B  homologous.

C  none of these

D  convergent.

A  unethical.

B  quasiexperiments.

C  true experiments.

D  case studies.

E  randomized experiments.

A  the Wolffian system.

B  testes.

C  ovaries.

D  the female sex ducts.

E  the frenulum.

A  be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.

B  NOT involve anhedonia.

C  involve a suicide attempt.

D  last more than 2 weeks.

E  last less than 2 weeks.

A  dopamine.

B  D2 receptors.

C  D1 receptors.

D  glutamate receptors.

E  autoreceptors.

A  none of these

B  all of these

C  in the lateral fissure.

D  adjacent to SI.

E  in the parietal cortex.

A  MEG

B  CT

C  fMRI

D  PET

E  MRI

A  functional MRI

B  PET

C  EEG

D  CT

E  angiography

A  closed-head injuries of sudden onset.

B  cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.

C  brain infarcts.

D  cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.

A  serotonin.

B  dopamine.

C  acetylcholine.

D  L-dopa.

E  norepinephrine.

A  is a progressive disorder.

B  attacks young adults.

C  all of these

D  is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.

E  is a disease of CNS myelin.

A  telencephalon.

B  myelencephalon.

C  mesencephalon.

D  diencephalon.

E  metencephalon.

A  ectodermal cells.

B  multipolar cells.

C  daughter cells.

D  embryonic stem cells.

E  zygotes.

A  it plays an important role in mental health.

B  treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.

C  regeneration is not possible without it.

D  BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.

E  women have twice as much as men.

A  free nerve ending.

B  fast adapting cutaneous receptor.

C  none of these

D  slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.

A  central canal.

B  lateral ventricles.

C  all of these

D  subarachnoid space.

E  none of these

A  depolarizes cones.

B  opens potassium channels.

C  hyperpolarizes rods.

D  depolarizes rods.

E  opens sodium channels.

A  aromatization

B  alpha fetoprotein

C  dihydrotestosterone

D  dimorphic

E  cholesterol

A  MPTP.

B  absence epilepsy.

C  Parkinson’s disease.

D  human epileptogenesis.

E  multiple sclerosis.

A  glutamate.

B  dopamine.

C  neuropeptides.

D  small-molecule neurotransmitters.

E  acetylcholine.

A  the Mach band demonstration.

B  lateral inhibition.

C  color constancy.

D  the cocktail sausage demonstration.

E  the complementary color afterimage demonstration.

A  ossicles

B  vestibular nucleus

C  semicircular canals

D  cochlea

E  basilar membrane

A  on the basis of wavelength.

B  ipsilaterally.

C  retinotopically.

D  from top to bottom.

E  from left to right.

A  all of these

B  the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.

C  the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.

D  individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.

A  intermediate

B  circuitous

C  axonal

D  rapid

E  tangential

A  Ruffini Ending

B  Hippocampus

C  Hypothalamus

D  Cochlea

A  difficulty in maintaining steady postures.

B  inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.

C  severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.

D  all of these

E  inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.

A  retinotopically.

B  on the basis of wavelength.

C  ipsilaterally.

D  from top to bottom.

E  from left to right.

A  cortex.

B  neural tube.

C  ventricular system.

D  peripheral nervous system.

E  circulatory system of the brain.

A  700

B  16

C  4

D  8

E  12

A  all of these

B  vestibular nuclei.

C  reticular formation.

D  tectum.

E  none of these

A  neuroglia.

B  neurons.

C  parts of the autonomic nervous system.

D  myelin.

E  meninges.

A  John Money

B  estrous cycle

C  Kluver-Bucy syndrome

D  anabolic steroids

E  sexual dimorphism

A  behavioral psychology.

B  neuroscience.

C  neurophysiology.

D  biopsychology.

E  cognitive behavior.

A  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.

B  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.

C  depressed people have high levels of monoamines.

D  depressed people have low levels of monoamines.

E  None of these

A  eliminate their sterility.

B  render them potent.

C  increase their muscularity.

D  increase their sex drive.

E  enable them to achieve an erection.

A  Initiates movement.

B  all of these

C  Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.

D  None of these

E  Regulates movement.

A  clinical psychology

B  psychophysiology

C  physiological psychology

D  psychopharmacology

E  neuropsychology

A  EPSPs.

B  voltage-activated ion channels.

C  ligand-activated ion channels.

D  nodes of Ranvier.

E  myelin.

A  circles.

B  dots of light.

C  movement.

D  contrast.

E  straight lines.

A  the scotopic system.

B  rods.

C  the photopic system.

D  rhodopsin.

E  duplexity.

A  sympathetic nervous system

B  cranial nerves

C  somatic nervous system

D  parasympathetic nervous system

E  autonomic nervous system

A  the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.

B  its buttons are stimulated.

C  there is an IPSP.

D  there is an EPSP.

E  its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.

A  the penis.

B  a Müllerian system.

C  a Wolffian system.

D  testes.

E  ovaries.

A  cerebellum.

B  great cerebral commissure.

C  all of these

D  brain.

E  cerebral hemispheres.

A  “release.”

B  “all-or-none.”

C  “summation.”

D  “firing.”

E  “activation.”

A  red nucleus.

B  superior colliculi.

C  substantia nigra.

D  periaqueductal gray.

E  cerebral aqueduct.

A  correlational research.

B  biopsychological research.

C  applied research.

D  pure research.

E  case-study research.

A  occipital cortex.

B  hypothalamus.

C  amygdala.

D  prefrontal cortex.

E  hippocampus.

A  do not have opposable thumbs.

B  do not have tails.

C  cannot walk upright for short distances.

D  have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.

E  have tails.

A  hypercomplex cells.

B  complex cells or hypercomplex cells.

C  on-center or off-center cells.

D  type A or type B cells.

E  simple cells or complex cells.

A  is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.

B  can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.

C  occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.

D  is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.

E  occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.

A  nociceptive stimuli.

B  mechanical stimuli.

C  none of these

D  thermal stimuli.

E  all of these

A  necrotic.

B  apoptotic.

C  all of these

D  none of these

E  passive.

A  PET

B  CT

C  MRI

D  angiography

E  EEG

A  increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.

B  increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.

C  increase the number of synapses.

D  increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.

E  focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.

A  basal ganglia.

B  structures of the medial temporal lobes.

C  parietal cortex.

D  hypothalamus.

E  cerebellum.