Final Exam

A  alleles.

B  gametes.

C  dominants.

D  phenotypes.

E  genotypes.

A  more than for dizygotic twins.

B  much more than 50%.

C  much less than 100%.

D  greater for males than for females.

A  Betz cells.

B  muscles of the fingers and thumb.

C  interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.

D  motor neurons that project to the fingers.

E  muscles of the hands and wrists.

A  neurons.

B  oligodendroglia.

C  axons.

D  sulci.

E  glial cells.

A  Broca’s Area

B  Frontal Lobe

C  Temporal Lobe

D  Parietal Lobe

A  Corpus Collasum

B  Hippocampus

C  Frontal Lobe

D  Basal Ganglia

A  Alzheimer’s disease.

B  MPTP poisoning.

C  epilepsy.

D  Huntington’s disease.

E  autotransplants.

A  protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord

B  all of these

C  removes waste products from cerebral metabolism

D  supplies nutrients to the nervous system

A  injecting his stump with stem cells.

B  injecting his stump with curare.

C  having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.

D  having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.

E  having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of “both arms” while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.

A  indolamines

B  monoamines

C  amino acids

D  catecholamines

A  inappropriate affect

B  hallucinations

C  incoherent speech or thought

D  all of these

E  delusions

A  crest.

B  floor.

C  mesoderm.

D  tube.

E  plate.

A  DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.

B  histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.

C  various kinds of small RNA molecules.

D  all of these

E  many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.

A  telencephalon

B  metencephalon

C  myelencephalon

D  mesencephalon

E  medulla

A  No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.

B  all of these

C  Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.

D  Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.

E  Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.

A  converging operations.

B  confounds.

C  zeitgeist.

D  guano.

A  expectation of pain.

B  all of these

C  perception of pain.

D  adaptive responses to minimize pain.

E  emotional reaction to pain.

A  amoeboid migration.

B  somal translocation.

C  pioneer migration.

D  growth cone translocation.

A  X-ray photography

B  pneumoencephalography

C  cerebral angiography

D  CT scans

E  PET scans

A  in the nasal passages.

B  in the olfactory bulb.

C  passing through the cribriform plate.

D  in the olfactory mucosa.

E  all of these

A  terminate response sequences.

B  provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.

C  specialize in guiding learned sequences.

D  program specific patterns of movement.

E  mediate reflexes.

A  glutamate

B  glycine

C  GABA

D  dopamine

E  serotonin

A  SNS and the CNS.

B  ANS and the CNS.

C  brain and the spinal cord.

D  PNS and the CNS.

E  ANS and the PNS.

A  homologous.

B  convergent.

C  analogous.

D  none of these

A  true experiments.

B  case studies.

C  randomized experiments.

D  quasiexperiments.

E  unethical.

A  the Wolffian system.

B  the female sex ducts.

C  ovaries.

D  testes.

E  the frenulum.

A  involve a suicide attempt.

B  last less than 2 weeks.

C  last more than 2 weeks.

D  NOT involve anhedonia.

E  be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.

A  dopamine.

B  glutamate receptors.

C  D1 receptors.

D  D2 receptors.

E  autoreceptors.

A  adjacent to SI.

B  none of these

C  all of these

D  in the lateral fissure.

E  in the parietal cortex.

A  PET

B  MRI

C  fMRI

D  CT

E  MEG

A  angiography

B  functional MRI

C  EEG

D  PET

E  CT

A  cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.

B  cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.

C  closed-head injuries of sudden onset.

D  brain infarcts.

A  serotonin.

B  L-dopa.

C  acetylcholine.

D  norepinephrine.

E  dopamine.

A  is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.

B  is a progressive disorder.

C  attacks young adults.

D  all of these

E  is a disease of CNS myelin.

A  telencephalon.

B  diencephalon.

C  mesencephalon.

D  myelencephalon.

E  metencephalon.

A  zygotes.

B  daughter cells.

C  ectodermal cells.

D  embryonic stem cells.

E  multipolar cells.

A  BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.

B  regeneration is not possible without it.

C  it plays an important role in mental health.

D  treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.

E  women have twice as much as men.

A  fast adapting cutaneous receptor.

B  free nerve ending.

C  none of these

D  slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.

A  all of these

B  none of these

C  subarachnoid space.

D  central canal.

E  lateral ventricles.

A  opens potassium channels.

B  depolarizes rods.

C  depolarizes cones.

D  opens sodium channels.

E  hyperpolarizes rods.

A  alpha fetoprotein

B  cholesterol

C  dimorphic

D  aromatization

E  dihydrotestosterone

A  Parkinson’s disease.

B  multiple sclerosis.

C  MPTP.

D  human epileptogenesis.

E  absence epilepsy.

A  acetylcholine.

B  glutamate.

C  dopamine.

D  small-molecule neurotransmitters.

E  neuropeptides.

A  the cocktail sausage demonstration.

B  the complementary color afterimage demonstration.

C  lateral inhibition.

D  color constancy.

E  the Mach band demonstration.

A  vestibular nucleus

B  semicircular canals

C  ossicles

D  basilar membrane

E  cochlea

A  retinotopically.

B  ipsilaterally.

C  from left to right.

D  on the basis of wavelength.

E  from top to bottom.

A  all of these

B  individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.

C  the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.

D  the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.

A  axonal

B  intermediate

C  rapid

D  circuitous

E  tangential

A  Hippocampus

B  Hypothalamus

C  Cochlea

D  Ruffini Ending

A  severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.

B  difficulty in maintaining steady postures.

C  inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.

D  all of these

E  inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.

A  ipsilaterally.

B  from left to right.

C  from top to bottom.

D  on the basis of wavelength.

E  retinotopically.

A  neural tube.

B  peripheral nervous system.

C  cortex.

D  circulatory system of the brain.

E  ventricular system.

A  16

B  4

C  700

D  12

E  8

A  reticular formation.

B  none of these

C  vestibular nuclei.

D  tectum.

E  all of these

A  meninges.

B  myelin.

C  neurons.

D  neuroglia.

E  parts of the autonomic nervous system.

A  estrous cycle

B  sexual dimorphism

C  anabolic steroids

D  John Money

E  Kluver-Bucy syndrome

A  neurophysiology.

B  biopsychology.

C  neuroscience.

D  behavioral psychology.

E  cognitive behavior.

A  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.

B  None of these

C  most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.

D  depressed people have low levels of monoamines.

E  depressed people have high levels of monoamines.

A  eliminate their sterility.

B  increase their muscularity.

C  render them potent.

D  increase their sex drive.

E  enable them to achieve an erection.

A  Regulates movement.

B  Initiates movement.

C  None of these

D  Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.

E  all of these

A  clinical psychology

B  psychophysiology

C  physiological psychology

D  neuropsychology

E  psychopharmacology

A  myelin.

B  voltage-activated ion channels.

C  ligand-activated ion channels.

D  nodes of Ranvier.

E  EPSPs.

A  movement.

B  straight lines.

C  contrast.

D  dots of light.

E  circles.

A  the photopic system.

B  rods.

C  rhodopsin.

D  duplexity.

E  the scotopic system.

A  parasympathetic nervous system

B  sympathetic nervous system

C  cranial nerves

D  somatic nervous system

E  autonomic nervous system

A  the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.

B  there is an IPSP.

C  its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.

D  there is an EPSP.

E  its buttons are stimulated.

A  testes.

B  the penis.

C  a Müllerian system.

D  a Wolffian system.

E  ovaries.

A  all of these

B  great cerebral commissure.

C  brain.

D  cerebral hemispheres.

E  cerebellum.

A  “summation.”

B  “activation.”

C  “all-or-none.”

D  “firing.”

E  “release.”

A  superior colliculi.

B  periaqueductal gray.

C  red nucleus.

D  substantia nigra.

E  cerebral aqueduct.

A  case-study research.

B  pure research.

C  biopsychological research.

D  applied research.

E  correlational research.

A  hippocampus.

B  hypothalamus.

C  amygdala.

D  prefrontal cortex.

E  occipital cortex.

A  have tails.

B  cannot walk upright for short distances.

C  have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.

D  do not have tails.

E  do not have opposable thumbs.

A  type A or type B cells.

B  hypercomplex cells.

C  complex cells or hypercomplex cells.

D  simple cells or complex cells.

E  on-center or off-center cells.

A  occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.

B  occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.

C  can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.

D  is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.

E  is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.

A  mechanical stimuli.

B  all of these

C  thermal stimuli.

D  nociceptive stimuli.

E  none of these

A  apoptotic.

B  all of these

C  none of these

D  passive.

E  necrotic.

A  CT

B  angiography

C  PET

D  MRI

E  EEG

A  increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.

B  increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.

C  focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.

D  increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.

E  increase the number of synapses.

A  parietal cortex.

B  basal ganglia.

C  hypothalamus.

D  structures of the medial temporal lobes.

E  cerebellum.