Midterm 1

A  composite cone

B  shield volcano

C  cinder cone

D  pillow lava

A  pillow lava

B  pyroclastic material

C  lava tube

D  pahoehoe flow

A  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

B  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is poor in silica, and contains a high amount dissolved gases.

C  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

D  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains a high abundance of dissolved gases.

A  iron

B  sodium

C  calcium

D  silicon

E  carbon

A  Silicon

B  Carbon

C  Aluminum

D  Iron

A  True

B  False

A  color

B  luster

C  streak

D  hardness on the Mohs scale

A  magma

B  basalt

C  quartz

D  lava

A  Basalt

B  Glass

C  Granite

D  Ice

A  They can be liquid

B  They have to be naturally occuring

C  They must have high economic value

D  They are only present in igneous rocks

A  Plate B will subduct because it is warmer

B  Plate B will subduct because it is more dense

C  Plate A will subduct because it is warmer

D  Plate A will subduct because it is less dense

A  crust

B  mantle

C  ocean water

D  core

A  The Moon

B  The Sun

C  The Earth’s crust

D  The Earth’s core

A  every 50,000 to 100,000 years

B  every 10,000 to 50,000 years

C  every 1,000 to 10,000 years

D  every 100,000 to several million years

A  the supercontinent that existed after the Pangaean ocean formed

B  the northern half of Pangaea that formed after Pangaea began to break apart

C  the ocean that formed as Pangaea began to break apart

D  the single ocean that existed after the Pangaean supercontinent formed

A  silicate minerals

B  living organisms

C  oxygen gas

D  water

A  convergent plate boundary

B  all three of the answers

C  divergent plate boundary

D  hot spot

A  Seafloor spreading

B  Subduction

C  Convection

D  Melting

A  olivine; gabbro

B  granite; basalt

C  limestone; olivine

D  basalt; granite

A  The Earth would increase in mass.

B  The Earth would decrease in mass.

C  The Earth would increase in volume.

D  The Earth would decrease in volume.

A  The lithosphere is a special type of crust.

B  The lithosphere is part of the crust.

C  The crust is part of the lithosphere.

D  The crust is a special type of lithosphere.

A  at Earth’s surface

B  below Earth’s surface, near the core

C  below Earth’s surface, in the upper mantle

D  below the asthenosphere

A  the apparent jigsaw-like fit of continents together, as in the case of South America and Africa

B  the evidence of past isthmian links which allowed land animals to reach other landmasses across the ocean

C  the distribution of coal from tropical swamps of the past among North America, Europe, northern Africa, and Asia

D  the presence of Glossopterison fossils on five different continents

A  extrusive igneous rocks

B  metamorphic rocks

C  sedimentary rocks

D  intrusive igneous rocks

A  Magma is located above the surface, lava is located below the surface

B  There is no difference between them

C  Magma has a lower temperature than lava

D  Magma is located below the surface, lava is located above the surface

A  Volcanic eruptions

B  Formation of new igneous rocks

C  Subduction

D  Erosion

A  mantle

B  inner core

C  crust

D  outer core

A  inner core

B  crust

C  outer core

D  lower mantle

E  upper mantle

A  hydrogen and helium

B  carbon and oxygen

C  iron and nickel

D  silicon and oxygen

A  hydrogen and helium

B  carbon and oxygen

C  oxygen and silicon

D  iron and nickel

A  the Earth’s orbit around the sun and its rotation

B  the sun and heat inside the Earth

C  the sun and Jupiter

D  the Earth’s rotation and the Moon

A  1 day

B  10 minutes

C  1 month

D  1 hour

A  plate tectonics

B  uniformitarianism

C  catastrophism

D  plutonism

A  stagnant

B  changing

C  inhabited by humans

D  crystalline

A  True

B  False

A  lithosphere; asthenosphere

B  mantle; crust

C  asthenosphere; lithosphere

D  lithosphere; mesosphere

A  a snail crawls

B  a human’s fingernail grows

C  a human can run

D  a human can walk

A  divergent; continental; convergent

B  convergent; oceanic; divergent

C  convergent; continental; divergent

D  divergent; oceanic; convergent

A  divergent plate boundary

B  convergent plate boundary

C  sea level rising

D  transform plate boundary

A  guesses

B  theories

C  hypotheses

D  observations

A  hypothesis

B  theory formation

C  observation

D  testing