Midterm 1

A  shield volcano

B  pillow lava

C  composite cone

D  cinder cone

A  pillow lava

B  pyroclastic material

C  pahoehoe flow

D  lava tube

A  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is poor in silica, and contains a high amount dissolved gases.

B  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains a high abundance of dissolved gases.

C  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

D  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

A  silicon

B  sodium

C  calcium

D  iron

E  carbon

A  Iron

B  Aluminum

C  Carbon

D  Silicon

A  False

B  True

A  hardness on the Mohs scale

B  luster

C  streak

D  color

A  magma

B  quartz

C  lava

D  basalt

A  Glass

B  Basalt

C  Granite

D  Ice

A  They must have high economic value

B  They have to be naturally occuring

C  They can be liquid

D  They are only present in igneous rocks

A  Plate B will subduct because it is warmer

B  Plate A will subduct because it is less dense

C  Plate A will subduct because it is warmer

D  Plate B will subduct because it is more dense

A  ocean water

B  core

C  crust

D  mantle

A  The Sun

B  The Earth’s core

C  The Earth’s crust

D  The Moon

A  every 10,000 to 50,000 years

B  every 1,000 to 10,000 years

C  every 50,000 to 100,000 years

D  every 100,000 to several million years

A  the single ocean that existed after the Pangaean supercontinent formed

B  the northern half of Pangaea that formed after Pangaea began to break apart

C  the supercontinent that existed after the Pangaean ocean formed

D  the ocean that formed as Pangaea began to break apart

A  living organisms

B  water

C  silicate minerals

D  oxygen gas

A  hot spot

B  all three of the answers

C  divergent plate boundary

D  convergent plate boundary

A  Melting

B  Convection

C  Subduction

D  Seafloor spreading

A  olivine; gabbro

B  limestone; olivine

C  basalt; granite

D  granite; basalt

A  The Earth would increase in volume.

B  The Earth would increase in mass.

C  The Earth would decrease in mass.

D  The Earth would decrease in volume.

A  The lithosphere is a special type of crust.

B  The crust is a special type of lithosphere.

C  The lithosphere is part of the crust.

D  The crust is part of the lithosphere.

A  below Earth’s surface, near the core

B  below Earth’s surface, in the upper mantle

C  at Earth’s surface

D  below the asthenosphere

A  the apparent jigsaw-like fit of continents together, as in the case of South America and Africa

B  the evidence of past isthmian links which allowed land animals to reach other landmasses across the ocean

C  the distribution of coal from tropical swamps of the past among North America, Europe, northern Africa, and Asia

D  the presence of Glossopterison fossils on five different continents

A  intrusive igneous rocks

B  metamorphic rocks

C  extrusive igneous rocks

D  sedimentary rocks

A  There is no difference between them

B  Magma is located below the surface, lava is located above the surface

C  Magma is located above the surface, lava is located below the surface

D  Magma has a lower temperature than lava

A  Formation of new igneous rocks

B  Volcanic eruptions

C  Erosion

D  Subduction

A  mantle

B  crust

C  outer core

D  inner core

A  inner core

B  outer core

C  crust

D  upper mantle

E  lower mantle

A  iron and nickel

B  silicon and oxygen

C  carbon and oxygen

D  hydrogen and helium

A  hydrogen and helium

B  carbon and oxygen

C  oxygen and silicon

D  iron and nickel

A  the sun and Jupiter

B  the Earth’s rotation and the Moon

C  the sun and heat inside the Earth

D  the Earth’s orbit around the sun and its rotation

A  1 hour

B  10 minutes

C  1 month

D  1 day

A  uniformitarianism

B  plate tectonics

C  plutonism

D  catastrophism

A  inhabited by humans

B  crystalline

C  stagnant

D  changing

A  True

B  False

A  lithosphere; mesosphere

B  asthenosphere; lithosphere

C  mantle; crust

D  lithosphere; asthenosphere

A  a human can run

B  a human’s fingernail grows

C  a human can walk

D  a snail crawls

A  convergent; oceanic; divergent

B  divergent; oceanic; convergent

C  divergent; continental; convergent

D  convergent; continental; divergent

A  divergent plate boundary

B  convergent plate boundary

C  sea level rising

D  transform plate boundary

A  theories

B  observations

C  guesses

D  hypotheses

A  testing

B  hypothesis

C  theory formation

D  observation