Midterm 1

A  composite cone

B  shield volcano

C  pillow lava

D  cinder cone

A  lava tube

B  pahoehoe flow

C  pillow lava

D  pyroclastic material

A  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is poor in silica, and contains a high amount dissolved gases.

B  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains a high abundance of dissolved gases.

C  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

D  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

A  carbon

B  silicon

C  sodium

D  calcium

E  iron

A  Aluminum

B  Silicon

C  Carbon

D  Iron

A  False

B  True

A  hardness on the Mohs scale

B  luster

C  streak

D  color

A  lava

B  quartz

C  basalt

D  magma

A  Granite

B  Ice

C  Basalt

D  Glass

A  They have to be naturally occuring

B  They are only present in igneous rocks

C  They can be liquid

D  They must have high economic value

A  Plate A will subduct because it is warmer

B  Plate B will subduct because it is warmer

C  Plate A will subduct because it is less dense

D  Plate B will subduct because it is more dense

A  mantle

B  ocean water

C  core

D  crust

A  The Earth’s crust

B  The Moon

C  The Sun

D  The Earth’s core

A  every 1,000 to 10,000 years

B  every 10,000 to 50,000 years

C  every 100,000 to several million years

D  every 50,000 to 100,000 years

A  the supercontinent that existed after the Pangaean ocean formed

B  the northern half of Pangaea that formed after Pangaea began to break apart

C  the single ocean that existed after the Pangaean supercontinent formed

D  the ocean that formed as Pangaea began to break apart

A  living organisms

B  water

C  silicate minerals

D  oxygen gas

A  divergent plate boundary

B  hot spot

C  all three of the answers

D  convergent plate boundary

A  Seafloor spreading

B  Melting

C  Convection

D  Subduction

A  basalt; granite

B  granite; basalt

C  olivine; gabbro

D  limestone; olivine

A  The Earth would increase in volume.

B  The Earth would decrease in volume.

C  The Earth would increase in mass.

D  The Earth would decrease in mass.

A  The lithosphere is a special type of crust.

B  The crust is a special type of lithosphere.

C  The crust is part of the lithosphere.

D  The lithosphere is part of the crust.

A  at Earth’s surface

B  below Earth’s surface, in the upper mantle

C  below Earth’s surface, near the core

D  below the asthenosphere

A  the distribution of coal from tropical swamps of the past among North America, Europe, northern Africa, and Asia

B  the evidence of past isthmian links which allowed land animals to reach other landmasses across the ocean

C  the presence of Glossopterison fossils on five different continents

D  the apparent jigsaw-like fit of continents together, as in the case of South America and Africa

A  sedimentary rocks

B  metamorphic rocks

C  intrusive igneous rocks

D  extrusive igneous rocks

A  Magma is located above the surface, lava is located below the surface

B  Magma is located below the surface, lava is located above the surface

C  There is no difference between them

D  Magma has a lower temperature than lava

A  Formation of new igneous rocks

B  Erosion

C  Subduction

D  Volcanic eruptions

A  mantle

B  outer core

C  crust

D  inner core

A  crust

B  upper mantle

C  lower mantle

D  outer core

E  inner core

A  iron and nickel

B  carbon and oxygen

C  silicon and oxygen

D  hydrogen and helium

A  hydrogen and helium

B  carbon and oxygen

C  oxygen and silicon

D  iron and nickel

A  the sun and heat inside the Earth

B  the Earth’s rotation and the Moon

C  the sun and Jupiter

D  the Earth’s orbit around the sun and its rotation

A  1 month

B  1 hour

C  10 minutes

D  1 day

A  plutonism

B  catastrophism

C  plate tectonics

D  uniformitarianism

A  crystalline

B  stagnant

C  changing

D  inhabited by humans

A  False

B  True

A  mantle; crust

B  lithosphere; asthenosphere

C  asthenosphere; lithosphere

D  lithosphere; mesosphere

A  a human can run

B  a snail crawls

C  a human can walk

D  a human’s fingernail grows

A  divergent; continental; convergent

B  divergent; oceanic; convergent

C  convergent; continental; divergent

D  convergent; oceanic; divergent

A  transform plate boundary

B  sea level rising

C  divergent plate boundary

D  convergent plate boundary

A  observations

B  hypotheses

C  theories

D  guesses

A  hypothesis

B  theory formation

C  observation

D  testing