Midterm 1

A  shield volcano

B  pillow lava

C  cinder cone

D  composite cone

A  lava tube

B  pahoehoe flow

C  pyroclastic material

D  pillow lava

A  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

B  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains a high abundance of dissolved gases.

C  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

D  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is poor in silica, and contains a high amount dissolved gases.

A  carbon

B  calcium

C  silicon

D  sodium

E  iron

A  Silicon

B  Iron

C  Aluminum

D  Carbon

A  False

B  True

A  luster

B  hardness on the Mohs scale

C  streak

D  color

A  lava

B  basalt

C  magma

D  quartz

A  Ice

B  Glass

C  Basalt

D  Granite

A  They can be liquid

B  They have to be naturally occuring

C  They are only present in igneous rocks

D  They must have high economic value

A  Plate B will subduct because it is warmer

B  Plate A will subduct because it is less dense

C  Plate A will subduct because it is warmer

D  Plate B will subduct because it is more dense

A  core

B  crust

C  ocean water

D  mantle

A  The Earth’s crust

B  The Earth’s core

C  The Sun

D  The Moon

A  every 10,000 to 50,000 years

B  every 100,000 to several million years

C  every 1,000 to 10,000 years

D  every 50,000 to 100,000 years

A  the single ocean that existed after the Pangaean supercontinent formed

B  the ocean that formed as Pangaea began to break apart

C  the northern half of Pangaea that formed after Pangaea began to break apart

D  the supercontinent that existed after the Pangaean ocean formed

A  silicate minerals

B  water

C  oxygen gas

D  living organisms

A  divergent plate boundary

B  convergent plate boundary

C  hot spot

D  all three of the answers

A  Subduction

B  Convection

C  Seafloor spreading

D  Melting

A  granite; basalt

B  olivine; gabbro

C  limestone; olivine

D  basalt; granite

A  The Earth would increase in mass.

B  The Earth would decrease in volume.

C  The Earth would increase in volume.

D  The Earth would decrease in mass.

A  The crust is a special type of lithosphere.

B  The crust is part of the lithosphere.

C  The lithosphere is a special type of crust.

D  The lithosphere is part of the crust.

A  below Earth’s surface, in the upper mantle

B  at Earth’s surface

C  below the asthenosphere

D  below Earth’s surface, near the core

A  the evidence of past isthmian links which allowed land animals to reach other landmasses across the ocean

B  the distribution of coal from tropical swamps of the past among North America, Europe, northern Africa, and Asia

C  the apparent jigsaw-like fit of continents together, as in the case of South America and Africa

D  the presence of Glossopterison fossils on five different continents

A  extrusive igneous rocks

B  sedimentary rocks

C  intrusive igneous rocks

D  metamorphic rocks

A  Magma has a lower temperature than lava

B  Magma is located above the surface, lava is located below the surface

C  Magma is located below the surface, lava is located above the surface

D  There is no difference between them

A  Erosion

B  Volcanic eruptions

C  Formation of new igneous rocks

D  Subduction

A  inner core

B  outer core

C  crust

D  mantle

A  lower mantle

B  outer core

C  upper mantle

D  inner core

E  crust

A  hydrogen and helium

B  iron and nickel

C  silicon and oxygen

D  carbon and oxygen

A  iron and nickel

B  oxygen and silicon

C  hydrogen and helium

D  carbon and oxygen

A  the sun and Jupiter

B  the Earth’s rotation and the Moon

C  the Earth’s orbit around the sun and its rotation

D  the sun and heat inside the Earth

A  1 hour

B  1 month

C  1 day

D  10 minutes

A  plutonism

B  uniformitarianism

C  catastrophism

D  plate tectonics

A  crystalline

B  changing

C  stagnant

D  inhabited by humans

A  False

B  True

A  lithosphere; mesosphere

B  asthenosphere; lithosphere

C  mantle; crust

D  lithosphere; asthenosphere

A  a snail crawls

B  a human can run

C  a human can walk

D  a human’s fingernail grows

A  convergent; oceanic; divergent

B  convergent; continental; divergent

C  divergent; oceanic; convergent

D  divergent; continental; convergent

A  transform plate boundary

B  divergent plate boundary

C  sea level rising

D  convergent plate boundary

A  guesses

B  theories

C  observations

D  hypotheses

A  theory formation

B  observation

C  testing

D  hypothesis