Midterm 1

A  cinder cone

B  shield volcano

C  composite cone

D  pillow lava

A  lava tube

B  pillow lava

C  pahoehoe flow

D  pyroclastic material

A  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is poor in silica, and contains a high amount dissolved gases.

B  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

C  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains a high abundance of dissolved gases.

D  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

A  iron

B  calcium

C  carbon

D  silicon

E  sodium

A  Carbon

B  Iron

C  Silicon

D  Aluminum

A  False

B  True

A  streak

B  color

C  hardness on the Mohs scale

D  luster

A  basalt

B  lava

C  magma

D  quartz

A  Basalt

B  Glass

C  Ice

D  Granite

A  They have to be naturally occuring

B  They must have high economic value

C  They can be liquid

D  They are only present in igneous rocks

A  Plate A will subduct because it is less dense

B  Plate A will subduct because it is warmer

C  Plate B will subduct because it is more dense

D  Plate B will subduct because it is warmer

A  crust

B  mantle

C  core

D  ocean water

A  The Earth’s crust

B  The Moon

C  The Earth’s core

D  The Sun

A  every 50,000 to 100,000 years

B  every 10,000 to 50,000 years

C  every 1,000 to 10,000 years

D  every 100,000 to several million years

A  the ocean that formed as Pangaea began to break apart

B  the northern half of Pangaea that formed after Pangaea began to break apart

C  the single ocean that existed after the Pangaean supercontinent formed

D  the supercontinent that existed after the Pangaean ocean formed

A  living organisms

B  oxygen gas

C  water

D  silicate minerals

A  divergent plate boundary

B  all three of the answers

C  hot spot

D  convergent plate boundary

A  Melting

B  Seafloor spreading

C  Convection

D  Subduction

A  granite; basalt

B  limestone; olivine

C  basalt; granite

D  olivine; gabbro

A  The Earth would increase in volume.

B  The Earth would decrease in volume.

C  The Earth would decrease in mass.

D  The Earth would increase in mass.

A  The lithosphere is a special type of crust.

B  The crust is part of the lithosphere.

C  The crust is a special type of lithosphere.

D  The lithosphere is part of the crust.

A  below Earth’s surface, in the upper mantle

B  at Earth’s surface

C  below Earth’s surface, near the core

D  below the asthenosphere

A  the presence of Glossopterison fossils on five different continents

B  the distribution of coal from tropical swamps of the past among North America, Europe, northern Africa, and Asia

C  the evidence of past isthmian links which allowed land animals to reach other landmasses across the ocean

D  the apparent jigsaw-like fit of continents together, as in the case of South America and Africa

A  metamorphic rocks

B  extrusive igneous rocks

C  sedimentary rocks

D  intrusive igneous rocks

A  Magma is located above the surface, lava is located below the surface

B  There is no difference between them

C  Magma is located below the surface, lava is located above the surface

D  Magma has a lower temperature than lava

A  Subduction

B  Formation of new igneous rocks

C  Erosion

D  Volcanic eruptions

A  inner core

B  mantle

C  outer core

D  crust

A  outer core

B  inner core

C  crust

D  lower mantle

E  upper mantle

A  hydrogen and helium

B  silicon and oxygen

C  carbon and oxygen

D  iron and nickel

A  oxygen and silicon

B  iron and nickel

C  hydrogen and helium

D  carbon and oxygen

A  the sun and Jupiter

B  the Earth’s orbit around the sun and its rotation

C  the sun and heat inside the Earth

D  the Earth’s rotation and the Moon

A  1 day

B  1 hour

C  1 month

D  10 minutes

A  catastrophism

B  plate tectonics

C  uniformitarianism

D  plutonism

A  stagnant

B  changing

C  inhabited by humans

D  crystalline

A  False

B  True

A  lithosphere; mesosphere

B  lithosphere; asthenosphere

C  asthenosphere; lithosphere

D  mantle; crust

A  a human can run

B  a snail crawls

C  a human’s fingernail grows

D  a human can walk

A  divergent; oceanic; convergent

B  convergent; continental; divergent

C  divergent; continental; convergent

D  convergent; oceanic; divergent

A  divergent plate boundary

B  sea level rising

C  convergent plate boundary

D  transform plate boundary

A  hypotheses

B  observations

C  guesses

D  theories

A  theory formation

B  hypothesis

C  observation

D  testing