Midterm 1

A  shield volcano

B  cinder cone

C  pillow lava

D  composite cone

A  pyroclastic material

B  pillow lava

C  lava tube

D  pahoehoe flow

A  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

B  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains a high abundance of dissolved gases.

C  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

D  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is poor in silica, and contains a high amount dissolved gases.

A  calcium

B  iron

C  silicon

D  carbon

E  sodium

A  Aluminum

B  Carbon

C  Iron

D  Silicon

A  False

B  True

A  streak

B  luster

C  hardness on the Mohs scale

D  color

A  basalt

B  magma

C  lava

D  quartz

A  Glass

B  Basalt

C  Ice

D  Granite

A  They are only present in igneous rocks

B  They must have high economic value

C  They have to be naturally occuring

D  They can be liquid

A  Plate A will subduct because it is warmer

B  Plate B will subduct because it is warmer

C  Plate B will subduct because it is more dense

D  Plate A will subduct because it is less dense

A  mantle

B  crust

C  core

D  ocean water

A  The Sun

B  The Moon

C  The Earth’s crust

D  The Earth’s core

A  every 100,000 to several million years

B  every 1,000 to 10,000 years

C  every 50,000 to 100,000 years

D  every 10,000 to 50,000 years

A  the supercontinent that existed after the Pangaean ocean formed

B  the single ocean that existed after the Pangaean supercontinent formed

C  the northern half of Pangaea that formed after Pangaea began to break apart

D  the ocean that formed as Pangaea began to break apart

A  oxygen gas

B  silicate minerals

C  living organisms

D  water

A  hot spot

B  convergent plate boundary

C  all three of the answers

D  divergent plate boundary

A  Convection

B  Seafloor spreading

C  Subduction

D  Melting

A  limestone; olivine

B  basalt; granite

C  olivine; gabbro

D  granite; basalt

A  The Earth would increase in mass.

B  The Earth would decrease in volume.

C  The Earth would decrease in mass.

D  The Earth would increase in volume.

A  The crust is part of the lithosphere.

B  The lithosphere is a special type of crust.

C  The crust is a special type of lithosphere.

D  The lithosphere is part of the crust.

A  below Earth’s surface, in the upper mantle

B  below Earth’s surface, near the core

C  at Earth’s surface

D  below the asthenosphere

A  the distribution of coal from tropical swamps of the past among North America, Europe, northern Africa, and Asia

B  the apparent jigsaw-like fit of continents together, as in the case of South America and Africa

C  the presence of Glossopterison fossils on five different continents

D  the evidence of past isthmian links which allowed land animals to reach other landmasses across the ocean

A  metamorphic rocks

B  sedimentary rocks

C  intrusive igneous rocks

D  extrusive igneous rocks

A  There is no difference between them

B  Magma has a lower temperature than lava

C  Magma is located below the surface, lava is located above the surface

D  Magma is located above the surface, lava is located below the surface

A  Formation of new igneous rocks

B  Volcanic eruptions

C  Subduction

D  Erosion

A  crust

B  mantle

C  outer core

D  inner core

A  outer core

B  upper mantle

C  inner core

D  crust

E  lower mantle

A  carbon and oxygen

B  hydrogen and helium

C  iron and nickel

D  silicon and oxygen

A  iron and nickel

B  hydrogen and helium

C  carbon and oxygen

D  oxygen and silicon

A  the sun and heat inside the Earth

B  the Earth’s rotation and the Moon

C  the Earth’s orbit around the sun and its rotation

D  the sun and Jupiter

A  1 month

B  1 hour

C  10 minutes

D  1 day

A  plutonism

B  uniformitarianism

C  plate tectonics

D  catastrophism

A  inhabited by humans

B  changing

C  stagnant

D  crystalline

A  True

B  False

A  asthenosphere; lithosphere

B  lithosphere; asthenosphere

C  mantle; crust

D  lithosphere; mesosphere

A  a human can run

B  a human’s fingernail grows

C  a snail crawls

D  a human can walk

A  divergent; continental; convergent

B  divergent; oceanic; convergent

C  convergent; continental; divergent

D  convergent; oceanic; divergent

A  convergent plate boundary

B  transform plate boundary

C  divergent plate boundary

D  sea level rising

A  guesses

B  observations

C  hypotheses

D  theories

A  observation

B  testing

C  hypothesis

D  theory formation