Midterm 1

A  shield volcano

B  pillow lava

C  composite cone

D  cinder cone

A  pyroclastic material

B  pillow lava

C  lava tube

D  pahoehoe flow

A  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

B  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a higher temperature, is poor in silica, and contains a high amount dissolved gases.

C  The ease of flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains a high abundance of dissolved gases.

D  Resistance to flow. Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains very few dissolved gases.

A  carbon

B  sodium

C  silicon

D  iron

E  calcium

A  Iron

B  Aluminum

C  Silicon

D  Carbon

A  True

B  False

A  luster

B  color

C  hardness on the Mohs scale

D  streak

A  quartz

B  basalt

C  lava

D  magma

A  Glass

B  Granite

C  Ice

D  Basalt

A  They can be liquid

B  They have to be naturally occuring

C  They are only present in igneous rocks

D  They must have high economic value

A  Plate A will subduct because it is warmer

B  Plate B will subduct because it is warmer

C  Plate A will subduct because it is less dense

D  Plate B will subduct because it is more dense

A  core

B  crust

C  ocean water

D  mantle

A  The Earth’s crust

B  The Sun

C  The Earth’s core

D  The Moon

A  every 1,000 to 10,000 years

B  every 100,000 to several million years

C  every 10,000 to 50,000 years

D  every 50,000 to 100,000 years

A  the supercontinent that existed after the Pangaean ocean formed

B  the northern half of Pangaea that formed after Pangaea began to break apart

C  the ocean that formed as Pangaea began to break apart

D  the single ocean that existed after the Pangaean supercontinent formed

A  silicate minerals

B  water

C  living organisms

D  oxygen gas

A  all three of the answers

B  hot spot

C  divergent plate boundary

D  convergent plate boundary

A  Convection

B  Melting

C  Seafloor spreading

D  Subduction

A  basalt; granite

B  limestone; olivine

C  olivine; gabbro

D  granite; basalt

A  The Earth would decrease in volume.

B  The Earth would increase in volume.

C  The Earth would increase in mass.

D  The Earth would decrease in mass.

A  The crust is part of the lithosphere.

B  The lithosphere is a special type of crust.

C  The crust is a special type of lithosphere.

D  The lithosphere is part of the crust.

A  at Earth’s surface

B  below Earth’s surface, near the core

C  below Earth’s surface, in the upper mantle

D  below the asthenosphere

A  the apparent jigsaw-like fit of continents together, as in the case of South America and Africa

B  the distribution of coal from tropical swamps of the past among North America, Europe, northern Africa, and Asia

C  the evidence of past isthmian links which allowed land animals to reach other landmasses across the ocean

D  the presence of Glossopterison fossils on five different continents

A  extrusive igneous rocks

B  sedimentary rocks

C  intrusive igneous rocks

D  metamorphic rocks

A  Magma is located above the surface, lava is located below the surface

B  Magma has a lower temperature than lava

C  There is no difference between them

D  Magma is located below the surface, lava is located above the surface

A  Volcanic eruptions

B  Formation of new igneous rocks

C  Subduction

D  Erosion

A  inner core

B  mantle

C  outer core

D  crust

A  crust

B  outer core

C  inner core

D  upper mantle

E  lower mantle

A  carbon and oxygen

B  silicon and oxygen

C  hydrogen and helium

D  iron and nickel

A  iron and nickel

B  oxygen and silicon

C  carbon and oxygen

D  hydrogen and helium

A  the sun and heat inside the Earth

B  the sun and Jupiter

C  the Earth’s rotation and the Moon

D  the Earth’s orbit around the sun and its rotation

A  10 minutes

B  1 day

C  1 month

D  1 hour

A  catastrophism

B  plate tectonics

C  uniformitarianism

D  plutonism

A  crystalline

B  changing

C  inhabited by humans

D  stagnant

A  False

B  True

A  asthenosphere; lithosphere

B  mantle; crust

C  lithosphere; asthenosphere

D  lithosphere; mesosphere

A  a human can walk

B  a snail crawls

C  a human can run

D  a human’s fingernail grows

A  divergent; continental; convergent

B  convergent; oceanic; divergent

C  convergent; continental; divergent

D  divergent; oceanic; convergent

A  divergent plate boundary

B  convergent plate boundary

C  sea level rising

D  transform plate boundary

A  guesses

B  hypotheses

C  observations

D  theories

A  testing

B  hypothesis

C  theory formation

D  observation