Third Midterm

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Question #1

Dr. Dunn says that she supports Erik Erikson’s model of development, which assumes that people pass through a universal sequence of age-related social and emotional changes during the life span. According to the text, Dr. Dunn supports the

A idiosyncratic stage theory model.

B normative-stage model.

C normative-sequential model.

D timing-of-events model.

Question #2

The term used for society’s norms or expectations for the appropriate timing-of-life events is the

A cohort time.

B individual clock.

C normative time.

D social clock.

Question #3

Jack is perceived by his friends as highly stubborn and impulsive. Considering the typological approach to personality development, Jack would be considered

A overcontrolled.

B ego-resilient.

C well-adjusted.

D undercontrolled.

Question #4

All of the following personality types reflect the typological model of personality except

A ego-resilient.

B overcontrolled.

C conflicted.

D undercontrolled.

Question #5

People who are shy, quiet, anxious, and dependable exhibit

A ego-resilient personalities.

B ego-controlled personalities.

C overcontrolled personalities.

D undercontrolled personalities.

Question #6

The five-factor model of personality emphasizes

A five crises that adolescents and young adults experience that produce instability in personality.

B normative influences on adaptive mechanisms in mid-life.

C personality changes that occur during middle childhood.

D stability of personality characteristics over much of adult life.

Question #7

Cathy is always willing to try new things. At dinner last night she sampled three new kinds of sushi. According to the five-factor model, Cathy would be described as

A neurotic.

B extraverted.

C agreeable.

D open to experience.

Question #8

According to the five-factor model, Steve, who is gregarious and assertive, would be described as

A extraverted.

B open to experience.

C conscientious.

D neurotic.

Question #9

According to the five-factor model, Alice, who is hostile and impulsive, would be described as

A introverted.

B extraverted.

C agreeable.

D neurotic.

Question #10

Betty has a profile on Facebook and has her smartphone with her at all times. Betty would be described as a

A Centenarian.

B Millennial.

C Baby Boomer.

D Retiree.

Question #11

Regular physical activity provides a number of benefits, including

A decreased muscle mass.

B increased anxiety and stress.

C improved cardiovascular fitness.

D early onset of osteoporosis.

Question #12

According to Schaie, an individual in the achieving stage is capable of

A reorganizing his/her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.

B using knowledge to pursue goals.

C acquiring knowledge for its own sake.

D solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.

Question #13

According to Schaie, an individual in the reorganizing stage is capable of

A acquiring knowledge for its own sake.

B solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.

C reorganizing his or her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.

D using knowledge to pursue goals.

Question #14

According to Schaie, an individual in the acquisitive stage is capable of

A acquiring knowledge for its own sake.

B using knowledge to pursue goals.

C solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.

D reorganizing his/her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.

Question #15

According to Schaie, an individual in the responsible stage is capable of

A reorganizing his/her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.

B using knowledge to pursue goals.

C solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.

D acquiring knowledge for its own sake.

Question #16

Edward always seems to know what to say to his boss to get on his good side. As a result, Edward has received three promotions over the last two years. Sternberg would suggest that Edward possesses

A tacit knowledge.

B inside knowledge.

C critical knowledge.

D componential knowledge.

Question #17

According to Kohlberg, which of the following stages of moral reasoning cannot be reached until late adolescence or young adulthood?

A Preconventional

B Conventional

C Postconventional

D Experiential

Question #18

Jane applies what she learns at work during her evenings out with friends. Jane’s carryover of knowledge is predicted by the

A progressive syndrome.

B spillover hypothesis

C delayed hypothesis.

D sluice gate theory.

Question #19

One major difference between Piaget’s cognitive development model and Schaie’s model of cognitive development is

A Schaie ignored childhood completely and Piaget focused only on childhood.

B Schaie’s models address cognitive development across the life span, while Piaget ended at adolescence.

C Piaget’s model ignored the first five years of cognitive development, while Schaie’s model did not.

D Piaget focused on the entire life span, while Schaie concentrated only on childhood and adolescence.

Question #20

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is

A an emotional disorder with no physical symptoms.

B of emotional origin without any other biological explanation.

C another term for dysmenorrhea, or menstrual cramps.

D experienced before the menstrual period and then declines.

Question #21

One of the benefits of being married is

A more opportunities to resolve conflict.

B more disabilities or chronic conditions.

C living longer.

D compromised physical and psychological health.

Question #22

The ability to recognize and deal with one’s own feelings and the feelings of others is called

A cognitive intelligence.

B intelligence.

C cognitive emotions.

D emotional intelligence.

Question #23

Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for

A puberty in females.

B painful menstruation.

C a digestive system failure.

D premenstrual syndrome.

Question #24

What is the term used to describe the search for autonomy and differentiation?

A Individuation

B Diffusion

C Acceptance

D Moratorium

Question #25

When his psychology teacher asks Billy what his plans after high school are, Billy just shrugs his shoulders and says, “I have not really thought about it much.” Marcia would place Billy in a state of

A identity foreclosure.

B identity moratorium.

C identity diffusion.

D identity achievement.

Question #26

When asked what she plans to become when she gets older, Sierra replies, “I am going into nursing just like my mother told me to.” Marcia would suggest that Sierra is in a state of

A identity achievement.

B identity moratorium.

C identity diffusion.

D identity foreclosure.

Question #27

Sabrina has thought about entering the field of medicine for several years. She went through a period of crisis before settling on this occupation. According to Marcia, what is her identity status?

A Moratorium

B Identity diffusion

C Identity achievement

D Foreclosure

Question #28

According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, what is the name of the fifth stage of development and is experienced during adolescence?

A industry versus inferiority

B identity versus role confusion

C initiative versus guilt

D intimacy versus isolation

Question #29

James Marcia identifies four identity states or statuses, according to the presence or absence of

A foreclosure and moratorium.

B crisis and foreclosure.

C crisis and commitment.

D moratorium and commitment.

Question #30

Diane is 13 years old and is pondering her own talents, interests, and needs, as well as her place in society. According to Erikson, this struggle represents the crisis of

A industry versus inferiority.

B intimacy versus isolation.

C identity versus role confusion.

D autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Question #31

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning is characteristic of

A formal operational thought.

B preoperational thought.

C concrete operational thought.

D sensorimotor thought.

Question #32

A student’s desire to learn for the sake of learning is called

A extrinsic motivation.

B self-efficacy.

C inward achievement.

D intrinsic motivation.

Question #33

A parent that is never satisfied with their children’s good grades and will punish for poor grades engages in

A authoritarian parenting.

B authoritative parenting.

C permissive parenting.

D neglectful parenting.

Question #34

According to research described in the text, parents of high school students who earned the highest grades were likely to be

A inconsistent.

B permissive.

C authoritarian.

D authoritative.

Question #35

The awareness and monitoring of one’s own mental processes and strategies is called

A processing.

B cognition.

C bilateral cognition.

D metacognition.

Question #36

Lucy solves a chemistry problem by systematically testing several hypotheses. She is at which stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget?

A Formal operations

B Preoperational

C Concrete operations

D Sensorimotor

Question #37

Miranda has not eaten any food for the last three days. She has lost so much weight recently that her bones are showing through her skin. Even then, when Miranda looks in the mirror, she sees a person who needs to lose another ten pounds. This behavioral pattern is most consistent with

A binge eating disorder.

B yo-yo dieting.

C bulimia nervosa.

D anorexia nervosa.

Question #38

Secret gorging on food followed by vomiting, fasting, or purging with use of laxatives is characteristic of

A anorexia nervosa.

B obese teenagers.

C bulimia nervosa.

D compulsive dieters.

Question #39

Annabeth often eats to excess, consuming very large quantities of food in one sitting. This pattern of food consumption is most consistent with

A bulimic neurosis.

B anorexia nervosa.

C binge eating disorder.

D yo-yo dieting.

Question #40

Before the 20th century, there was no concept of adolescence; children moved to adulthood either through physical maturity or when they began apprenticeships. Adolescence is

A a sign of puberty.

B an arbitrary state.

C a social construction.

D a genetically determined stage.

Question #41

Michelle is seeing a therapist one-on-one, to help her with her fear of school. Michelle is seeking which form of treatment?

A Soloist therapy

B Administrative therapy

C Group therapy

D Individual therapy

Question #42

A pattern of defiance and hostility toward adult authority lasting at least six months is called

A bipolar disorder.

B oppositional defiant disorder.

C conduct disorder.

D fear of leaving one’s mother.

Question #43

Roxanne just posted embarrassing photos of her ex-best friend on several social media sites. Roxanne is engaging in

A cyberbullying.

B overt aggression.

C reactive bullying.

D proactive bullying.

Question #44

Colton wanted another child’s toy at school and behaved aggressively to get it. Once Colton got the toy he walked away. This is an example of

A instrumental aggression.

B hostile attribution bias.

C hostile personality disorder.

D self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question #45

Based on measures of sociometric popularity, a child who receives many positive nominations would be classified as

A rejected.

B average.

C popular.

D neglected.

Question #46

Which of the following pairs of siblings is most likely to quarrel?

A Two boys

B Two girls

C Older brother and younger sister

D Older sister and younger brother

Question #47

Traditionally, information about adoptions, especially the identity of the birth mother, was kept secret. In recent years, the adoption parties have shared information or had direct contact. This process is called

A communicative adoption.

B shared adoption.

C direct adoption.

D open adoption.

Question #48

Research has provided considerable evidence that children do better when raised in families with two biological parents or two parents who adopted the child in infancy. What type of family is this called?

A A traditional family.

B A reconstituted family.

C A blended family.

D A nontraditional family.

Question #49

A child caring for himself or herself at home without adult supervision is engaged in

A self-care.

B self-discipline.

C self-esteem.

D self-control.

Question #50

Erikson’s developmental crisis of middle childhood (from about 6 to 12 years) is

A identity versus role confusion.

B trust versus mistrust.

C industry versus inferiority.

D autonomy versus shame and doubt.

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