Exam 1

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Question #1

To show ourselves as expert role players and to gain positive recognition from others, we often have additional people work with us to ensure that our role communicates to others the ideas that we want them to form about us. This is referred to as ________.

A face-saving

B cooperation

C teamwork

D social manipulation

Question #2

Cultural relativism can be a:

A partial cure for ethnocentrism

B material object

C symbol

D cultural universal

Question #3

Which of the following is not associated with the development of the functionalist perspective?

A Robert Merton

B Emile Durkheim

C Charles H Cooley

D Karl Marx and W.E.B. DuBois

Question #4

A student is expected to take exams in two different classes on the same day.

A A surgeon is operating on her own daughter.

B Being a close friend of your boss.

C A student is expected to take exams in two different classes on the same day.

D A student is assigned to work extra holiday hours that conflict with her class schedule.

Question #5

In his study of homosexual activities in men’s public restrooms (tearooms), Humphreys violated an ethical standard that forbids:

A participant observation in restrooms

B using graduate students in research

C violating his participant’s privacy

D the study of homosexuals

Question #6

Which early social philosopher feared that France’s stability had been permanently impaired by the excesses of the French revolution, and hoped that the systematic study of social behavior would eventually lead to more rational human interactions, and furthermore, is considered the founder of sociology.

A Harriet Martineau

B Karl Marx

C Aguste Comte

D Herbert Spencer

Question #7

In researching a problem, use of the scientific method will ensure

A that any hypothesis will be confirmed

B maximum objectivity and consistency

C that one’s theoretical perspective will be confirmed

D really, nothing at all.

Question #8

The idea of sociologists being encouraged to keep their personal biases out of their sociological work is referred to as _______ and was developed by _______?

A value-free sociology/Max Weber

B class conflict/Karl Marx

C mechanical solidarity/Emile Durkheim

D the sociological imagination/C. Wright Mills

Question #9

Dr. Zalewski expects her students to be on time for class, holds them for the entire class period, and has firm deadlines set for reports and other assignments. Sociologically, which statement best describes Dr. Zalewski’s approach to teaching?

A Dr. Zalewski has set up a system of academic social stratification.

B Dr. Zalewski is engaged in the macrosociological approach.

C Dr. Zalewski is advocating social inequality by maintaining different standards than other faculty.

D Dr. Zalewski has created a strong sense of social structure in her classroom.

Question #10

Which of the following represents an achieved status?

A being a high school drop-out

B having a prescribed sex (male or female)

C acting like your mother when she was your age

D knowing your particular ethnic descent

Question #11

The notion that the mass media represents the varied interests of many groups would reflect a position consistent with ________ theory.

A functionalist

B conflict

C symbolic interactionist

D exchange

Question #12

As societies grow larger, they divide work among members based on some standardized characteristic such as age or sex. This is referred to as ________.

A class structure

B social solidarity

C division of labor

D social imperative

Question #13

Officer Friel has just pulled over a motorist exceeding the speed limit by 40 miles per hour. When he approached the vehicle, he recognizes the driver as his best friend’s daughter. Officer Friel is aware that the young lady has had some money problems and the last thing she can afford is a $200 speeding ticket that will also raise her insurance rates. At this point, which of the following terms best describes the position facing Officer Friel?

A Officer Friel is experiencing role conflict.

B Officer Friel is now engaged in role reversal.

C Officer Friel is faced with status inconsistency.

D Officer Friel is experiencing role strain.

Question #14

Hilda is studying at the library. She has placed her coat on the chair next to her and has spread books in front of the other chairs. Hilda is trying to extend her ________ so others do not invade it.

A personal space

B social space

C intimate space

D public space

Question #15

John and Doug are both full professors in a state university, holding doctorate degrees from Ivy League schools. Both make about the same salary and enjoy a similar sense of prestige in the community and on campus. Based only on this information, what do John and Doug have in common?

A They have identical social roles.

B They share the same social location in all respects.

C They share a great deal of social solidarity.

D They are members of the same social class.

Question #16

A position in society that cuts across other statuses a person holds, such as being a high-ranking Army officer, a college president, or a handicapped Olympian, would be considered that person’s ________.

A ascribed status

B status set

C social status

D master status

Question #17

Receiving the Medal of Honor and making the Dean’s List are both examples of ________.

A value contradictions

B positive sanctions

C value clusters

D folkways

Question #18

Without language, human culture would

A live in the past and have no concept of the future

B be little more advanced than lower primates

C have to become totally dependent upon memory

D focus more on plans and actions instead of talk

Question #19

At the Back to Nature Nudist Colony, Ernie and Morello take a walk every morning along the beach, totally nude. Within the colony, which statement best describes the behavior of Ernie and Morello?

A They are challenging a taboo of their counterculture.

B They are conforming to the folkways of their subculture.

C They are showing a need for cultural relativism.

D They are violating a more of their society.

Question #20

People from all walks of life, races, religions, and ethnic groups participate in the U.S. legislative process. In view of this, which term best describes American society?

A America is a polytheistic society.

B America is a society of subcultures and countercultures.

C America is a pluralistic society.

D America is based on the principles of oligarchy.

Question #21

All of the following statements are examples of countercultures, EXCEPT for which one?

A gang members operating in the San Quentin prison

B individuals advocating the legalization of prostitution

C bikers in an outlaw motorcycle club

D Chicago Cubs fans

Question #22

Sociologists use the concept of “norms” to describe

A expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values

B standards by which people define what is socially desirable

C ideas about what is true or false

D expressions of disapproval for violating socially acceptable behavior

Question #23

While in the Peace Corps, Kristina enjoyed a delicious Cambodian dinner that included several entrees. Later that evening she was told that one of the entrees was roast dog, the same canine Kristina was playing with the day before. At this point Kristina became ill and swore she would be a vegetarian as long as she was in Cambodia. Which statement most applies to Kristina’s experience?

A Kristina was introduced to new folkways.

B Kristina experienced a facet of globalization.

C Kristina was practicing cultural relativism.

D Kristina experienced culture shock.

Question #24

In 1906, sociologist William Sumner made the comment, “One’s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it.” This statement is most aligned with the concept of _

A ethnocentrism

B cultural relativism

C the cultural universal

D the relativist fallacy

Question #25

There is a high correlation between the number of Americans who pay income tax in the month of April and the number of swimsuits sold. Which of the following statements is the best description of this relationship?

A It is classified as a null hypothesis.

B It is a cause-and-effect relationship.

C It is an indirect relationship.

D It is a spurious relationship.

Question #26

Dr. Zimbardo is examining the effect that pornographic movies have on the ways in which single men respond to the needs of women. He has one group of men watch pornographic films and another watch Three Stooges episodes. He then tests their reactions to women in need by showing them short film clips and following up with a series of questions. What research method is Dr. Zimbardo using?

A the experiment

B the survey

C participant observation

D secondary analysis

Question #27

The feeling of trust that researchers establish with their respondents is referred to as ________.

A empathy

B confidentiality

C commitment

D rapport

Question #28

While conducting research on domestic abuse, Tanya asked workers at a battered women’s shelter, “What do you think causes some men to abuse their wives?” She then permitted the workers to elaborate on their answers. What is the term used to describe such a question, one that leads to this type of answering option?

A This is an example of a closed-ended question.

B This is an example of an open-ended question.

C The question and answer are a part of secondary analysis.

D The question and answer are examples of generalizability in research.

Question #29

One of the early concerns of IQ tests was that they tested the subject’s knowledge of the upper-class white culture of the scientists who developed them, and not the true educational potential of the person tested. In view of this, which assessment of the early IQ tests is most accurate?

A The early IQ tests lacked reliability.

B The early IQ tests lacked validity.

C The early IQ tests were improperly administered.

D The early IQ tests were based on a faulty hypothesis.

Question #30

An attractive African American woman is conducting random interviews on campus to gather data on students’ opinions on the reverse discrimination suit filed by white students at the University of Michigan School of Law. Four out of five of the white respondents and virtually all of the African American respondents favor the court’s ruling and supports “bonus points” being given to applicants of color. Based on this information, what is probably affecting the data collection process?

A misunderstanding of the subjects’ world

B inappropriate questions

C interviewer bias

D faulty hypothesis

Question #31

Which of the following statements is the best example of a hypothesis?

A “A penny saved is a penny earned.”

B “All men are created equal.”

C “More than 300 million people live in the United States.”

D “Unemployed men are more likely to commit spousal abuse than employed men.”

Question #32

Of the following research topics, which most qualifies as research on the micro level?

A the military

B multinational corporations

C doctor-patient relationships

D race relations

Question #33

The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the ________ and the ________.

A bourgeoisie; proletariat

B nobles; peasants

C upper class; lower class

D civilized; barbarians

Question #34

The concept that describes opening a window into unfamiliar worlds that allows us to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context is called ________.

A the social imperative

B the sociological perspective (or imagination)

C social location

D social integration

Question #35

According to symbolic interactionists, the deciding factor that determines if change in society is good or bad requires

A an understanding of who may have been victimized by the change

B a macroanalytical focus of the extent and duration of the change

C a framework or context from which to view the meaning of the change

D an understanding of who may have benefited from the change

Question #36

Which sociological perspectives are best to use in developing an accurate understanding of society?

A structural functionalism and the conflict perspective

B symbolic interactionism and structural functionalism

C symbolic interactionism and the conflict perspective

D No single perspective is best, so all three must be utilized.

Question #37

Which groups of social theorists would focus most on macro-level analysis when examining patterns of society?

A conflict theorists and structural functionalists

B symbolic interactionists and structural functionalists

C conflict theorists and symbolic interactionists

D symbolic interactionists and conflict theorists

Question #38

Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a(n) ________ and John would be seen as a(n) ________.

A basic sociologist; applied sociologist

B symbolic interactionist; functionalist

C applied sociologist; functionalist

D functionalist; conflict theorist

Question #39

Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change.

A religion; education

B government; economics

C economics; religion

D education; political stability

Question #40

The sociologist responsible for suggesting the connection between history and biography to explain the sociological imagination was?

A Herbert Spencer

B Talcott Parsons

C Emille Durkheim

D C. Wright Mills

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