Unit 1 Quiz

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Question #1

Lonnie needs to make a long business trip back to Minnesota but is uncertain of when to leave. According to the weather report, there is a big storm starting that he may encounter. The cost of deciding to leave later will make him late for his meeting but the cost to leave too early might put him in a car accident on the slippery roads. Which theory would predict that because of evolution, Lonnie would choose the less costly or dangerous option and leave later in the day to avoid the storm?

A evolution strategy theory

B error management theory

C safety asymmetry theory

D psychological adaptation theory

Question #2

Fitness in evolutionary psychology refers to:

A reproductive success

B intellectual capacities

C physical strength

D cardiovascular health

Question #3

Over time, species can evolve new traits and behaviors that increase reproductive success. These are called _________.

A adaptations

B primary sex characteristics

C secondary sex characteristics

D natural selection

Question #4

A __________ narrative is a life story that affirms one’s transformation from suffering to an elevated status or state.

A developmental

B redemptive

C transactional

D actualizing

Question #5

Which of the following actions from a child would exemplify having a sense of self as a social actor?

A expressing emotions such as embarrassment, shame, guilt, and pride

B showing a clear motivation to a specific end, such as getting a toy or getting food when hungry

C demonstrating emotions such as fear, anger, and happiness

D learning to use a toilet properly

Question #6

When two people are directing their awareness to the same object and are aware that they are both attending to it, this is called ________.

A joint attention

B reciprocal directing

C interactive balancing

D social referencing

Question #7

On their first date, Brendan and Jonathan are sitting at a table getting to know each other. When Brendan leans in and rests his elbows on the table, Jonathan does the same thing without even realizing it. When Jonathan scratches his face, Brendan reaches up and adjusts his glasses without recognizing how he is copying the behaviors. These are examples of _________.

A altruism

B synchrony

C intentionality

D impersonation

Question #8

Some scholars refer to a person’s theory of ________ as either “mentalizing” or “mind reading.”

A interaction

B interpolation

C mind

D reactivity

Question #9

Dr. Fikshunal is interested in how our bodies respond to being excluded from a group. Therefore, she decides to monitor the heart rate and cortisol levels of participants as they engage in their environment and indicate experiences when they felt ostracized. In this scenario, Dr. Fikshunal is:

A studying daily experiences

B studying online behavior

C studying daily physiology

D studying daily behavior

Question #10

As a researcher, you decide that you are very interested in peoples’ everyday behavior (i.e., daily social interactions and activities). Therefore, you decide to use an electronically activated recorder, or EAR device, to capture the acoustic diary of participants’ days as they naturally unfold. In this scenario, you are:

A studying daily experiences

B studying daily behavior

C studying online behavior

D studying daily physiology

Question #11

The degree to which a study ensures that potential findings apply to settings and samples other than the ones being studied refers to:

A external validity

B ecological validity

C ecological validity

D internal validity

Question #12

When researchers take special care to include and control for every possible variable, the study is likely to have high ___________, even though the results may not generalize to a more realistic situation.

A concurrent validity

B experimental validity

C internal validity

D external validity

Question #13

The extent to which we can infer that findings with a sample will be true of the larger population from which it was drawn is referred to as _________.

A generalizability

B internal validity

C interpersonal variation

D the outgroup homogeneity bias

Question #14

The likelihood that a research finding was due to random chance rather than being due to an actual observed change is called the __-value.

A s

B r

C t

D p

Question #15

Whenever he travels to Denver for business meetings, Calvin notices that he gets bad headaches that don’t go away until he returns home to Toronto. He assumes that it is just the travel that causes his migraines, but he does not consider that the elevation change and atmospheric pressure might be at fault. Calvin is making incorrect ________ conclusions about his headaches.

A experimental

B cause-and-effect

C practical

D statistical

Question #16

A(n) __________ is a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a target with a degree of favor or disfavor.

A assessment

B attribution

C opinion

D attitude

Question #17

Which of the following is an example of the planning fallacy?

A Faith is shopping at a hardware store and asks for help. The sales clerk suggests several tools that, if used correctly, will shorten her project time by two hours.

B Herald is graduating next week and believes the happiness he will feel will last for the next year. Herald is surprised when his happiness returns to normal level only a day after graduation.

C Corrine finished a group project and during peer evaluations stated that she did most of the work and deserves the highest grade. She is surprised when her group members do not agree.

D Gerard believes he can complete a term paper within a one-week time frame. He is surprised when he cannot complete the project as quickly as he anticipated.

Question #18

The ________ heuristic is one in which the likelihood of an object belonging to a category is evaluated based on the extent to which the object appears similar to one’s mental conceptualization of the category.

A compare and contrast

B representativeness

C similarity

D availability

Question #19

How is it that schemas help people save time as they have new experiences or encounter new people or objects on a daily basis?

A The use of schemas allow us to bypass memory processes as we have new experiences each day.

B We compare new experiences to previously stored schemas and this allows us to put forth less effort to assess those new encounters.

C Schemas allow us to immediately determine whether a new event is or is not significant in our lives.

D Schemas are the same as our episodic memories, so they are only useful when we’re having a repeated experience.