Lecture Test 3 Muscle Physiology.

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Question #1

What happen to Ca2+ ions in the sarcoplasm, when they are no longer needed for muscle contraction?

A It is actively transporting back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by Ca2+ ATPase enzyme

B It is actively transporting into in the T -tubule by the enzyme ATPase.

C It remains in the sarcoplasm until the next muscle contraction cycle

D It remains attach to troponin until the next muscle contraction cycle

Question #2

What causes the release (detachment) of actin from myosin to terminate muscle contraction?

A All of the possibleanswers are correct

B Ca2+ increase in the sarcomere

C ATP molecule binding to the myosin head.

D ATP molecule binding to actin

Question #3

What should be moved to allow attachment of actin and myosin during the cross bridge formation?

A Calcium ions

B Sarcomere

C Troponin

D Tropomyosin

Question #4

What two structures meet at the neuromuscular junction?

A T tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum

B A motor neuron and the sarcolemma of the skeletal muscle cell

C A motor neuron and thick filaments of the skeletal muscle cell

D A motor neuron and the sarcoplasmic reticulum

E Sarcolemma and T tubules

Question #5

During skeletal muscle contraction, what gets released at the power stroke?

A an ATP molecule.

B an ADP molecule.

C Ca2+ ions

D Pi (inorganic phosphate)

Question #6

During muscle contraction, what do Ca2+ ions bind to?

A Myosin

B Tropomyosin

C Actin

D Troponin

Question #7

This type of muscle composes the largest share of muscle weight in the human body.

A skeletal muscle

B cardiac muscle

C smooth muscle

Question #8

The head of myosin is energized only during relaxation.

A False

B True

Question #9

Enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions.

A True

B False

Question #10

Skeletal muscle fibers are stimulated by motor neurons.

A False

B True

Question #11

Action potentials for the stimulation of muscle contraction are generated in ________________.

A Peripheral nervous system

B Brain, Spinal cord and Peripheral nervous system

C Spinal cord

D Brain and Spinal cord

E Brain

Question #12

Motor neurons conduct nerve impulses from the PNS to the CNS?

A True

B False

Question #13

Of the three classes of muscle cells (skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissue), the only one in which the nuclei lie peripherally instead of centrally is _____________________________.

A visceral.

B smooth.

C skeletal.

D cardiac.

Question #14

This type of muscle contains intercalated discs.

A cardiac muscle

B skeletal muscle

C Skeletal and smooth muscles

D smooth muscle

Question #15

Muscles that assist the agonist muscle by reducing undesired action or unnecessary movement, such as the wrist extensor muscles.

A fixator

B Prime mover

C synergist

D antagonist

Question #16

Muscles that bears the major responsibility for a particular movement, an example is the biceps brachii muscle

A antagonist

B synergist

C fixator

D prime mover

Question #17

Muscles that reverses, or opposes, the action of another muscle, an example is the triceps brachii.

A synergist

B prime

C fixator

D antagonist

Question #18

The gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus muscles are named according to:

A Location of attachment

B Relative size

C Number of origins

D Shape

Question #19

The deltoid muscle is named according to:

A Number of origins

B Relative size

C Location of attachment

D Shape

Question #20

Which is not criterion for naming a muscle?

A shape

B color

C action

D location

Question #21

Fascicles inserted into the tendon from both sides, an example is the rectus femoris muscle.

A fusiform

B bipennate

C convergent

D multipennate

Question #22

Fascicles run parallel with an expanded central belly, like the biceps brachii muscle.

A fusiform

B convergent

C multipennate

D circular

Question #23

Fascicle arrangement in which the fascicles insert into one large tendon from all sides, an example is the deltoid muscle.

A convergent

B multipennate

C fusiform

D circular

Question #24

Fascicles are arranged in concentric rings, and example is the orbicularis oculi muscle.

A fusiform

B convergent

C multipennate

D circular

Question #25

Fascicle arrangement in which the origin of the muscle is broad, an example is the pectoralis major.

A fusiform

B convergent

C multipennate

D circular

Question #26

When you stand on your tiptoes, the lateral and medial bulges seen in your calf are the _____________________.

A hamstring

B calcaneal tendon

C heads of gastrocnemius

D soleus

Question #27

The arrangement of the elements is load- fulcrum – effort. Seesaws, scissors, and lifting your head of your chest are some examples.

A Second – class lever

B Third – class lever

C Fourth – class lever

D First – class lever

Question #28

The arrangement of the elements is load- effort- fulcrum. Lifting or holding something with tweezers or flexing the forearm by the biceps brachii muscle.

A First – class lever

B Third – class lever

C Second – class lever

D Fourth – class lever

Question #29

The arrangement of the elements is fulcrum- load- effort, as exemplified by a wheelbarrow or standing on tiptoe.

A Second – class lever

B Fourth – class lever

C Third – class lever

D First – class lever

Question #30

A lever operates as a ____________ when a smaller effort can move a heavy load.

A Mechanical advantage

B Positive mechanical effort

C Mechanical disadvantage

D Negative mechanical effort

Question #31

A lever operates as a _____________when a larger effort moves a lighter load.

A mechanical disadvantage

B negative mechanical effort

C positive mechanical effort

D mechanical advantage

Question #32

In the lever systems _______________ provides effort.

A bones

B load

C muscle contraction

D joints

Question #33

In the lever system _______________ act as levers.

A muscle contraction

B bones

C load

D joints

Question #34

In the lever systems _________________ consist of overlying tissue, bone, and anything lifted.

A muscle contraction

B bones

C load

D joints

Question #35

In the lever systems __________________ act as fulcrum.

A load

B muscle contraction

C joints

D bones

Question #36

Abnormal contraction characterized by involuntary twitching of muscle normally under voluntary control – eyelid or fascial muscles.

A Spasm

B Tremor

C Fasciculation

D Tic

Question #37

Abnormal contraction characterized by rhythmic, involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups.

A Tremor

B Spasm

C Tic

D Fasciculation

Question #38

Abnormal contraction characterized by involuntary contraction of a single muscle.

A Fasciculation

B Tremor

C Tic

D Spasm

Question #39

Skeletal muscle disorder in which pain is caused by tightened bands of muscle fibers. It refers to pain and inflammation in the body’s soft tissues.

A Myofascial pain syndrome

B Myotonic dystrophy

C Duchenne muscular dystrophy

D Fibromyalgia

Question #40

Progressive skeletal muscle disorder in which the muscles are weak and slow to relax after contraction.

A Myotonic dystrophy

B Fibromyalgia

C Myofascial pain syndrome

D Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question #41

Fibers abundant in the muscle of the lower limbs, which must move the body for long periods during locomotion, fibers with an intermediate diameter, they have high myoglobin content and rich supply of capillaries. Fibers with aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways.

A fast oxidative fibers (type IIa)

B slow oxidative fibers

C fast glycolytic fibers (type IIx)

D slow glycolytic fibers

Question #42

Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the type that produces the most power, depend on anaerobic pathways, contract rapidly and tire quickly, fibers used in heavy weight training. Contain little myoglobin and few mitochondria.

A fast oxidative fibers (type IIa)

B fast glycolytic fibers (type IIx)

C slow glycolytic fibers

D slow oxidative fibers

Question #43

Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the type with the most mitochondria, red in color due to abundant myoglobin, obtain energy from aerobic metabolic pathways, fibers are small in diameter and found in postural muscles.

A slow glycolytic fibers

B slow oxidative fibers

C fast oxidative fibers (type IIa)

D fast glycolytic fibers (type IIx)

Question #44

The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores ________________.

A ATPase

B calcium

C myosin

D sodium

Question #45

What is the function of the protein Titin?

A forms the Z disk to which actin attaches

B prevents a muscle from being overstretched.

C Connects myosin to actin

D limits the degree to which a muscle may contract.

Question #46

Located in walls of hollow organs such as blood vessels, esophagus, and intestines.

A skeletal

B smooth

C red

D cardiac

Question #47

Autorhythmic because of built of pacemakers.

A cardiac

B skeletal

C smooth

D red

Question #48

Involuntary and non-striated in appearance muscle .

A smooth

B skeletal

C cardiac

D red

Question #49

Involuntary striated muscle.

A red

B smooth

C cardiac

D skeletal

Question #50

Type of muscle in which several nuclei are peripherally arranged.

A skeletal

B smooth

C red

D cardiac

Question #51

The only muscle cells that branch are ____________ muscle cells.

A red

B skeletal

C smooth

D cardiac

Question #52

A stem cell that is found in skeletal muscle fibers and promotes their growth, repair, and regeneration.

A myoblast

B mesoblast

C endoblast

D satellite cells

Question #53

During the embryonic development, each skeletal muscle arises from the fusion of a hundred or more mesodermal cells called:

A myoblast

B mesoblast

C endoblast

D satellite cells

Question #54

The embryonic origin of muscle tissue is from

A endoderm

B mesoderm

C ectoderm

D epidermis

Question #55

Each skeletal muscle is supplied by:

A A nerve, artery, and two or more veins

B peripheral neuron, muscle cell, and sarcoplasm

C An afferent neuron

D Veins, Schwann cells, axons, and synaptic end bulbs

Question #56

Connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle (group of muscle fibers).

A perimysium

B epimysium

C endomysium

D deep fascia

Question #57

A fine sheath of connective tissue wrapping each muscle cell.

A deep fascia

B endomysium

C perimysium

D epimysium

Question #58

Ability to return to original shape (recoil) after being stretched.

A extensibility

B elasticity

C excitability

D contractibility

Question #59

Ability to stretched back to its original length without damaging tissue.

A extensibility

B elasticity

C excitability

D contractibility

Question #60

Ability to shorten and generate pulling forces.

A extensibility

B excitability

C elasticity

D contractibility

Question #61

Ability to propagate impulses (signals) over membrane and stimulates the muscle cells to contract.

A contractibility

B elasticity

C excitability

D extensibility

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Lecture Test 3 Muscle Physiology.

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