Exam 5

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Question #1

In humans, a person with the sex chromosome karyotype of XX would have _______

A 3 Barr bodies.

B 1 Barr body.

C 0 Barr bodies.

D 2 Barr bodies.

Question #2

Coordinated regulation of genes that encode proteins or enzymes that function in the same cellular process is achieved in bacteria and eukaryotes by organization of these genes as operons producing polycistronic mRNAs.

A True

B False

Question #3

Population genetics process in which there is a change in genotype frequencies include all the processes below except:

A bottleneck effect.

C inbreeding.

D founder effect.

E genetic drift.

F migration.

Question #4

Inbreeding is an example of negative assortative mating because it can have negative consequences with the appearance of deleterious homozygous recessive genotypes.

A True

B False

Question #5

The mutation seen in the DNA sequence below would be best described as:

Wildtype: 5′ – ATGCTAGTACGTAT -3′
Mutant: 5′ – ATGGTAGTACGTAT -3′

A transversion.

B transition.

C insertion.

D indel.

E translocation.

Question #6

A transcription unit can often include more than one protein-coding gene in bacteria, but not in eukaryotes.

A True

B False

Question #7

The level protein structure that is defined as the three-dimensional folding within a single polypeptide:

A quaternary structure.

B holoenzyme structure.

C tertiary structure.

D secondary structure.

E primary structure.

Question #8

An end-product of a biochemical pathway that allosterically binds a repressor to cause a conformation change to the protein-binding state functions as:

A a coactivator.

B a repressor.

C an inducer.

D a corepressor.

E an activator.

Question #9

In eukaryotes, the genes for rRNAs are transcribed by:

A RNA polymerase I.

B RNA polymerase III.

C RNA polymerase holoenzyme.

D RNA polymerase II.

Question #10

The histone ________ is found in chromatin that is not actively transcribed and condensed into the 30 nm fiber.

A H4

B H3

C H2B

D H1

E H2A

Question #11

A cross between a true-breeding plant with yellow flowers and a true-breeding plant with red flowers produces offspring with petals producing both red and yellow pigments, making the flowers appear orange. When the orange flower plants are self-pollinated, their progeny show the following ratio: 1 red flowers: 2 orange flowers: 1 yellow flowers. This phenotype ratio shows:

A incomplete dominance.

B lethal recessive.

C incomplete penetrance.

D gene interaction.

E co-dominance.

F epistasis.

Question #12

All of the following represent base-pairing that can be found in the Wobble position except:

A G:U

B G:C

C I:G

D I:A

E I:U

Question #13

An operon regulated by a repressor protein that is normally off, but is switched on in the presence of a small molecule is under:

A negative, inducible regulation.

B positive, inducible regulation.

C positive, repressible regulation.

D negative, repressible regulation.

Question #14

Term for an evolutionary process resulting in a change in allele frequency due to environmental conditions favoring more fit genotypes.

A negative assortative mating

B inbreeding

C genetic drift

D positive assortative mating

E natural selection

Question #15

The Shine-Dalgarno sequence complementary base-pairs with the:

A 28S rRNA

B 16S rRNA

C 5.8S rRNA

D 18S rRNA

E 23S rRNA

Question #16

In bacteria, transcription is switched off by binding of repressor proteins to an element in the transcription unit called the operator.

A False

B True

Question #17

A shared feature in the chemistry of DNA and RNA is:

A connection of a phosphate group to the 2‘ carbon on the sugar ring.

B connection of a hydroxyl group to the 2‘ carbon on the sugar ring.

C connection of a phosphate group to the 5‘ carbon on the sugar ring.

D connection of a phosphate group to the 3‘ carbon on the sugar ring.

E connection of a hydroxyl group to the 5‘ carbon on the sugar ring.

Question #18

Termination of replication in eukaryotes is assisted by the protein Tus that binds to termination sequences.

A False

B True

Question #19

Bacteria initiate transcription at the promoter through opening of the transcription bubble by the initiator proteins.

A True

B False

Question #20

Methylation of DNA can assist in all but which of the following processes in bacteria or eukaryotes?

A DNA polymerase proofreading

B Mismatch Repair

C Gene expression Reguation

D Restriction enzyme digestion

Question #21

Because of dosage compensation, cats with a coat color that is calico must be hemizygotes.

A True

B False

Question #22

Mendel’s observation that unit factors in inheritance, which we now call alleles, separate during formation of the gametes contributes to his second principle of segregation.

A False

B True

Question #23

The A form is the secondary structure of the DNA double helix most likely found under physiological conditions.

A True

B False

Question #24

Eukaryotic mRNAs may be altered after transcription to encode different amino acids than specified in the gene in a process known as:

A RNA mutation.

B RNA transformation.

C RNA translocation.

D RNA editing.

E Genome editing.

Question #25

-10 and -35 are binding sites for general transcription factors that form the basal transcription apparatus with RNA polymerase II.

A False

B True

Question #26

All of the following represent steps in eukaryotic mRNA processing/modifications except:

A Cleavage of the 3’ end

B Modification of uracil to pseudouridine

C Non-templated addition of adenine to the 3’ end

D Methylation of the 2’-hydroxyl group on the ribose ring of the first two nucleotides

E Addition of a guanine nucleotide with a 5’-5’ triphosphate linkage

Question #27

If a woman with blood type A has a child with a man of blood type B, which of the following blood types would not be possible considering all of the genotypes that determine these blood types?

A B would not be possible

B AB would not be possible

C A would not be possible

D All types are possible

Question #28

Typically, mRNA turnover in eukaryotes predominantly occurs through the

A decapping pathway that starts with removal of the 5′ 7-methylguanosine cap..

B endonucleolytic pathway that starts with internal cleavage by the RNA-induced silencing complex.

C endonucleolytic pathway that starts with internal cleavage of the mRNA by the endonculease Dicer..

D deadenylation pathway that starts with degradation of the polyA tail..

Question #29

In bacteria, formation of the peptide bond is catalyzed by _______________.

A the amino acyl-tRNA synthetases.

B the 16S rRNA in the small ribosome subunit

C the proteins in the large ribosome subunit

D the 23S rRNA in the large ribosome subunit

E the Shine-Dagarno sequence in the mRNA.

Question #30

DNA polymerase 5‘ to 3‘ exonuclease activity is possessed by:

A all DNA polymerases with proof-reading activity.

B DNA polymerase epsilon.

C DNA polymerase.

D DNA polymerase I

E DNA polymerase III.

Question #31

A mutation that changes a triplet mRNA sequence from UCA, specifying serine to UGA, a stop codon, would be called a _________ mutation.

A antisense

B silent

C nonstop

D missense

E nonsense

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