Quiz 7

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Question #1

In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan wrote:

Each suburban wife struggled with it alone. As she made the beds, shopped for groceries, matched slipcover material, ate peanut butter sandwiches with her children, chauffeured Cub Scouts and Brownies, lay beside her husband at night—she was afraid to ask even of herself the silent question—“Is this all?”

What larger social issue does this passage suggest Friedan was worried about?

A Suffrage

B Race and difference

C Homophobia

D Access to education and employment

Question #2

Which of the following folk sayings expresses the idea of the “second shift” as sociologist Arlie Hochschild described it?

A “A wife that does not know how to keep house throws out more with a teaspoon than a man can bring in with a shovel.”

B “A woman has to be twice as good as a man to be regarded as half as clever.”

C “Don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater.”

D “Man works from sun to sun, but woman’s work is never done.”

Question #3

In the past, bank tellers were overwhelmingly male, but today they are mostly female. What could explain this shift?

A The banking industry is much more important in today’s globalized economy, and this added prestige draws more women to the job.

B The gendered division of labor has increasingly spread to areas of the economy that used to be gender neutral.

C Changes in technology made the work easier and less important, which drove down the wages and prestige accorded to the job.

D Banks are more heavily regulated by the government than they were in the past, making them more likely to be sexist.

Question #4

In the vast majority of commercials that advertise cleaning supplies, a woman is shown using the product. This shows that:

A women’s behavior is more easily altered by the media.

B The media portrays gender roles in highly stereotypical ways.

C women watch more television than men.

D men never really do any cleaning.

Question #5

A little girl notices that whenever both of her parents are in the car, her father is always driving. From this she deduces that women should be passive and men should be active. This process is called:

A social learning

B expressive work

C sexism

D gender inequality

Question #6

The indie rock musician Antony Hegarty has always identified as transgender but has never taken medical steps to change her sex. During one tour, she performed a live cover of “Crazy in Love,” originally recorded by the pop superstar Beyoncé. At the end of one performance of the song, she laughed and said, “Who says I’m not a teenage girl?” Although she might have been joking, her words suggest that:

A although gender is socially constructed, by our teen years our gender identity is almost set in stone.

B society develops the gender roles that will be most useful in maintaining equilibrium.

C some individuals’ sense of self and gender identity differ from their physical sex.

D primary sex characteristics always have a stranglehold on our gender identity, determining how we will be classified and how we classify ourselves.

Question #7

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, replacing a housewife with paid laborers would cost at least $100,000 per year. How could this be interpreted according to conflict theory?

A Domestic work is a highly functional adaptation that produces gender equality within a family.

B Gender inequality is mostly produced and reproduced through interaction.

C The instrumental role is more valuable than the expressive role.

D Men have a great deal to lose if gender segregation disappears.

Question #8

Margaret Mead, an American anthropologist, spent much of her career documenting the ways in which other cultures had gender roles that differed, sometimes radically, from those of twentieth-century America. Why does this matter?

A It shows that the meaning of masculinity and femininity differs in different societies, which demonstrates that our version of gender is not naturally occurring.

B It shows that gender is either male or female from birth to death and that there are no other options.

C It shows that the physical environment determines gender.

D It shows that the American version of gender roles is the most advanced in the world.

Question #9

In The Mismeasure of Women, social psychologist Carol Tavris argues that there is nothing “universal and nonvarying . . . in the natures of men and women.” If you agree with her, you would have to reject the concept of:

A social construction

B essentialism

C symbolic interactionism

D queer theory

Question #10

The Intersex Society of North America recommends that “surgeries done to make the genitals look ‘more normal’ should not be performed until a child is mature enough to make an informed decision for herself or himself.” Usually, doctors would always try to involve a patient in his or her treatment, so why is this advice necessary?

A So few people are born intersex that no one knows about them.

B Intersex is based on secondary, not primary, sex characteristics, and these won’t develop until later in life.

C In our society, the prospect of an ambiguously sexed person seems so threatening that surgical procedures are performed long before a child is old enough to know what is happening.

D There are serious health risks associated with being born intersex that must always be addressed immediately.

Question #11

What term was used by nineteenth-century explorers and missionaries to describe Native Americans who were neither male nor female but somehow both?

A Queers

B Transvestites

C Transsexuals

D Berdaches

Question #12

In 2012, according to United Nations estimates, what percentage of human trafficking victims were exploited as sex slaves?

A 80 percent

B 60 percent

C 75 percent

D 85 percent

Question #13

What was the first network television show to feature a lesbian lead character?

A Queer Eye for the Straight Guy

B The Homosexuals

C Will & Grace

D Ellen

Question #14

Why might LGBTQ rights groups be predisposed to believe that homosexuality has a genetic origin?

A They believe that if sexual orientation is something we are born with, then discrimination against gays and lesbians is much less acceptable.

B They believe that sexuality is closely related to a person’s relationship with his or her mother.

C Gays and lesbians are predisposed to believe in science.

D They want to emphasize the importance of difference.

Question #15

In the opening pages of The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan wrote about a problem that “lay buried, unspoken, for many years in the minds of American women.” What was this problem?

A Employers actively discriminated against women based on their gender.

B Women experienced dissatisfaction with traditional gender roles.

C The media imposed unrealistic beauty standards upon women.

D Women didn’t have the right to vote.

Question #16

The second-wave feminist movement was associated with the issue of:

A marginalization of black women.

B rights of women in the Third World.

C women’s equal access to employment and education.

D gaining voting rights for women.

Question #17

Women are more likely than men to live in poverty, a situation often referred to as:

A third-wave feminism.

B the wages of sin.

C the feminization of poverty.

D the double standard.

Question #18

Laura Miller’s 1997 study of gender harassment in the military found that:

A men were more likely to report being the object of unwanted gender harassment.

B men were more likely to be harassed by their drill sergeants, whereas women were more likely to be harassed by their fellow trainees.

C women were most often harassed by their superior officers.

D men were more likely to be harassed by their fellow trainees, whereas women were more likely to be harassed by their drill sergeants.

Question #19

How do the incomes of single fathers compare with those of single mothers?

A Single fathers make considerably more money than single mothers.

B They are about the same.

C Single mothers with only one child make more money than single fathers, but not mothers with more children.

D Single fathers make more money than single mothers in urban areas but not in rural areas.

Question #20

Which of the following health disorders occurs more often in women than in men?

A Depression

B Type 1 diabetes

C Cancer

D Heart disease

Question #21

In her ethnography of high school boys titled Dude, You’re a Fag, sociologist C. J. Pascoe found that boys often use homophobic slurs toward each other in an effort to define masculinity for themselves and other boys. This is an example of:

A the consequences that all-boys schools can have on male behavior

B the inability of school officials to manage the behavior of young boys

C the prestige that boys have over girls in schools

D the influence that peers can have as agents of socialization

Question #22

From an interactionist perspective, what is the most important way that schools socialize children into their gender identities?

A Through interactions between teachers and students

B By punishing children for minor violations of gender norms on the playground

C By forcing schoolchildren to wear uniforms

D By exposing children to mass media

Question #23

In the 1940s and 1950s, Alfred Kinsey surveyed Americans to find out about their sexual behavior. His findings were important because they:

A challenged the belief that Americans were heterosexual.

B challenged the belief that sexuality can change over the course of a person’s life.

C concluded that most Americans were asexual.

D challenged the view that Americans were either exclusively heterosexual or homosexual.

Question #24

What is one of the ways that “Agnes,” a transgender woman who was born with male genitalia and raised as a boy before undergoing sex-reassignment treatment, managed to pass as female in public?

A She learned to show deference to her male boss.

B She dressed exclusively in long, flowing dresses and wore wigs.

C She made brief, meaningless interactions with other people.

D She rejected the expectations of her boyfriend and his family members.

Question #25

The perspective in sociology that is concerned with how gender is constructed and maintained in our everyday lives is known as:

A Interactionism

B Feminism

C Essentialism

D Conflict theory

Question #26

According to conflict theory, why are women’s contributions to family life devalued?

A As a social group, men benefit from maintaining their dominant status.

B When no one plays the expressive role, family life remains the same.

C The resources provided by men are ultimately more valuable than those provided by women.

D Women are entering the workforce in greater numbers.

Question #27

What two complementary roles did the functionalist Talcott Parsons identify within the family?

A Instrumental and expressive

B Interactionist and noninteractionist

C Conflicting and conciliatory

D Biological and social

Question #28

What do functionalists generally believe to be true about gender?

A Some social roles are better suited to one gender than the other.

B The current system of gender stratification is based on conflict.

C Gender is constructed and maintained through everyday actions.

D Men maintain control of the most valuable social roles.

Question #29

Which of the following is an example of a microaggression?

A A sports team that refuses to allow female athletes to play

B Men who whistle at and catcall a woman who is walking down the street

C A pregnant woman who is not given paid maternity leave by her employer

D An employer who pays his female employees less than his male employees

Question #30

Some people believe that women are better suited to be homemakers because they are naturally more caring and emotional than men. What perspective is being expressed in this statement?

A A macro perspective

B An essentialist perspective

C An interactionist perspective

D A social constructionist perspective

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