Chapter 1 Quiz

A  Participants over the same ages but in different years

B  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

C  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

D  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

A  Participants over the same ages but in different years

B  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

C  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

D  The same grow

A  Sequential 

B  Correlational

C  Cross-sectional 

D  Longitudinal 

A  Cohort effects

B  Practice effects 

C  Random assignment 

D  Biased sampling 

A  Longitudinal 

B  Correctional

C  Cross- sectional 

D   Sequential 

A  Experimental 

B  Correlational

C  Longitudinal 

D  Cross-sectional 

A  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

B  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

C  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

D  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

A  Sequential

B  Systematic 

C  Random

D  Correlational

A  Correlation coefficient 

B  Independent variable 

C  Dependent variable 

D  Control group

A  Correlational 

B  Experimental

C  Structural 

D  Observational 

A  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

B  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

C  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

D  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

A  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

B  Age-related changes may be distorted 

C  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

D  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

A  Correlational 

B  Experimental 

C  Observational 

D  Variable

A  Variable, observational 

B  Observational, experimental

C  Correlational, experimental 

D  Observational, correlational 

A   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

B  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

C  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

D  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Structured interview

C  Clinical interview 

D  Clinical interview 

A  Questions in a large group of participants

B  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

C  A different set of questions for each participant

D  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

A  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

B  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

C  Only provides a small amount of information

D  Does not reveal depth of information

A  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

B  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

C  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

D  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Naturalistic observation

C  Structured observation

D  Self-report

A  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

B  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

C  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

D  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

A  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

B  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

C  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

D  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

A  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

B  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

C  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

D  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

A  Research methods

B  Research designs 

C  Theories

D  Hypothesis

A  Psychosocial

B  Cognitive- Developmental

C  Psychosexual 

D  Behaviorism 

A  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

B  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

C  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

D  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

A  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

B  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

C  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

D  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

A  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

B  Applied in all cultures 

C  Ignored personality development

D  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

A  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

B  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

C  By carefully observing his own children

D  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

A  Actively explore the environment

B  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

C  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

D  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

A  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

B  Writing the first parenting books 

C  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

D   Launching the normative approach

A  Psychometric

B  Nonnormative

C  Normative

D  Genetic

A  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

B  Regarded development as a maturational process

C  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

D  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

A  G. Stanley Hall

B  Arnold Gesell

C  Benjamin Spock

D  Charles Darwin

A  Theory of evolution

B  Psychoanalytic theory

C   Normative approach 

D  Psychosocial theory

A  Do not follow a predictable timetable

B  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

C  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

D  Are typical or average

A  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

B  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

C  Vocational success over family obligations

D  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

A  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

B  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

C  History-graded influences are normative

D  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

A  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

B  Ari, a temperamental artist

C  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

D  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

A  Plasticity 

B  Stamina

C  Resilience 

D  Assimilation 

A  No single age range period

B  Early childhood

C  Adolescence 

D  The parental period 

A  Largely the result of heredity

B  Static and stable

C  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

D  Multidirectional and multidimensional

A  Driven by early life experiences

B  Having substantial plasticity 

C  Mostly stable

D  Mostly influenced by heredity

A  Nature

B  Stability 

C  Nurture

D  Stages

A  Early experiences

B  Nurture 

C  Nature

D  Stages

A  Nature-nurture 

B  Stability- Plasticity

C  Social-cognitive

D  Continous- discontinuous

A  Nurture

B  Nature

C  Discontinuous 

D  Continuous 

A  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

B  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

C  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

D  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

A  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

B  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.

C  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

D  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity