Chapter 1 Quiz

A  Participants over the same ages but in different years

B  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

C  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

D  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

A  The same grow

B  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

C  Participants over the same ages but in different years

D  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

A  Longitudinal 

B  Correlational

C  Cross-sectional 

D  Sequential 

A  Biased sampling 

B  Cohort effects

C  Random assignment 

D  Practice effects 

A   Sequential 

B  Correctional

C  Longitudinal 

D  Cross- sectional 

A  Experimental 

B  Correlational

C  Longitudinal 

D  Cross-sectional 

A  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

B  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

C  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

D  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

A  Random

B  Correlational

C  Sequential

D  Systematic 

A  Independent variable 

B  Correlation coefficient 

C  Dependent variable 

D  Control group

A  Correlational 

B  Experimental

C  Observational 

D  Structural 

A  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

B  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

C  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

D  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

A  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

B  Age-related changes may be distorted 

C  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

D  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

A  Experimental 

B  Correlational 

C  Observational 

D  Variable

A  Observational, experimental

B  Variable, observational 

C  Observational, correlational 

D  Correlational, experimental 

A  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

B  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

C   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

D  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Clinical interview 

C  Structured interview

D  Clinical interview 

A  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

B  Questions in a large group of participants

C  A different set of questions for each participant

D  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

A  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

B  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

C  Does not reveal depth of information

D  Only provides a small amount of information

A  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

B  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

C  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

D  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Naturalistic observation

C  Structured observation

D  Self-report

A  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

B  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

C  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

D  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

A  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

B  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

C  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

D  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

A  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

B  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

C  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

D  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

A  Hypothesis

B  Research methods

C  Theories

D  Research designs 

A  Psychosexual 

B  Psychosocial

C  Behaviorism 

D  Cognitive- Developmental

A  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

B  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

C  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

D  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

A  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

B  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

C  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

D  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

A  Applied in all cultures 

B  Ignored personality development

C  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

D  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

A  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

B  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

C  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

D  By carefully observing his own children

A  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

B  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

C  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

D  Actively explore the environment

A  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

B   Launching the normative approach

C  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

D  Writing the first parenting books 

A  Nonnormative

B  Normative

C  Genetic

D  Psychometric

A  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

B  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

C  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

D  Regarded development as a maturational process

A  Benjamin Spock

B  G. Stanley Hall

C  Arnold Gesell

D  Charles Darwin

A  Theory of evolution

B  Psychosocial theory

C  Psychoanalytic theory

D   Normative approach 

A  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

B  Do not follow a predictable timetable

C  Are typical or average

D  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

A  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

B  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

C  Vocational success over family obligations

D  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

A  History-graded influences are normative

B  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

C  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

D  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

A  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

B  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

C  Ari, a temperamental artist

D  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

A  Plasticity 

B  Assimilation 

C  Resilience 

D  Stamina

A  The parental period 

B  Adolescence 

C  No single age range period

D  Early childhood

A  Static and stable

B  Largely the result of heredity

C  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

D  Multidirectional and multidimensional

A  Having substantial plasticity 

B  Mostly stable

C  Driven by early life experiences

D  Mostly influenced by heredity

A  Stages

B  Nature

C  Nurture

D  Stability 

A  Stages

B  Nature

C  Nurture 

D  Early experiences

A  Social-cognitive

B  Stability- Plasticity

C  Nature-nurture 

D  Continous- discontinuous

A  Discontinuous 

B  Continuous 

C  Nurture

D  Nature

A  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

B  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

C  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

D  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

A  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

B  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

C  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

D  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.