Chapter 1 Quiz

A  Participants over the same ages but in different years

B  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

C  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

D  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

A  Participants over the same ages but in different years

B  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

C  The same grow

D  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

A  Sequential 

B  Correlational

C  Cross-sectional 

D  Longitudinal 

A  Biased sampling 

B  Cohort effects

C  Practice effects 

D  Random assignment 

A  Cross- sectional 

B  Correctional

C  Longitudinal 

D   Sequential 

A  Correlational

B  Longitudinal 

C  Cross-sectional 

D  Experimental 

A  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

B  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

C  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

D  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

A  Systematic 

B  Correlational

C  Sequential

D  Random

A  Independent variable 

B  Correlation coefficient 

C  Control group

D  Dependent variable 

A  Structural 

B  Experimental

C  Observational 

D  Correlational 

A  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

B  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

C  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

D  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

A  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

B  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

C  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

D  Age-related changes may be distorted 

A  Correlational 

B  Observational 

C  Experimental 

D  Variable

A  Observational, experimental

B  Variable, observational 

C  Correlational, experimental 

D  Observational, correlational 

A   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

B  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

C  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

D  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

A  Clinical interview 

B  Structured interview

C  Naturalistic observation

D  Clinical interview 

A  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

B  A different set of questions for each participant

C  Questions in a large group of participants

D  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

A  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

B  Does not reveal depth of information

C  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

D  Only provides a small amount of information

A  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

B  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

C  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

D  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Self-report

C  Naturalistic observation

D  Structured observation

A  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

B  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

C  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

D  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

A  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

B  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

C  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

D  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

A  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

B  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

C  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

D  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

A  Research methods

B  Research designs 

C  Hypothesis

D  Theories

A  Psychosocial

B  Psychosexual 

C  Cognitive- Developmental

D  Behaviorism 

A  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

B  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

C  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

D  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

A  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

B  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

C  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

D  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

A  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

B  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

C  Applied in all cultures 

D  Ignored personality development

A  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

B  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

C  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

D  By carefully observing his own children

A  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

B  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

C  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

D  Actively explore the environment

A  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

B   Launching the normative approach

C  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

D  Writing the first parenting books 

A  Normative

B  Psychometric

C  Genetic

D  Nonnormative

A  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

B  Regarded development as a maturational process

C  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

D  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

A  Charles Darwin

B  G. Stanley Hall

C  Benjamin Spock

D  Arnold Gesell

A  Psychosocial theory

B  Psychoanalytic theory

C  Theory of evolution

D   Normative approach 

A  Are typical or average

B  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

C  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

D  Do not follow a predictable timetable

A  Vocational success over family obligations

B  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

C  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

D  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

A  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

B  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

C  History-graded influences are normative

D  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

A  Ari, a temperamental artist

B  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

C  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

D  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

A  Resilience 

B  Assimilation 

C  Stamina

D  Plasticity 

A  Early childhood

B  Adolescence 

C  No single age range period

D  The parental period 

A  Static and stable

B  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

C  Largely the result of heredity

D  Multidirectional and multidimensional

A  Having substantial plasticity 

B  Mostly influenced by heredity

C  Driven by early life experiences

D  Mostly stable

A  Stability 

B  Nurture

C  Stages

D  Nature

A  Nature

B  Early experiences

C  Nurture 

D  Stages

A  Social-cognitive

B  Continous- discontinuous

C  Stability- Plasticity

D  Nature-nurture 

A  Continuous 

B  Nurture

C  Nature

D  Discontinuous 

A  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

B  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

C  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

D  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

A  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

B  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.

C  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

D  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity