Chapter 1 Quiz

A  Participants over the same ages but in different years

B  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

C  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

D  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

A  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

B  The same grow

C  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

D  Participants over the same ages but in different years

A  Sequential 

B  Cross-sectional 

C  Longitudinal 

D  Correlational

A  Practice effects 

B  Biased sampling 

C  Cohort effects

D  Random assignment 

A  Longitudinal 

B  Correctional

C   Sequential 

D  Cross- sectional 

A  Cross-sectional 

B  Experimental 

C  Longitudinal 

D  Correlational

A  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

B  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

C  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

D  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

A  Systematic 

B  Random

C  Correlational

D  Sequential

A  Independent variable 

B  Control group

C  Correlation coefficient 

D  Dependent variable 

A  Structural 

B  Correlational 

C  Observational 

D  Experimental

A  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

B  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

C  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

D  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

A  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

B  Age-related changes may be distorted 

C  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

D  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

A  Correlational 

B  Variable

C  Experimental 

D  Observational 

A  Variable, observational 

B  Correlational, experimental 

C  Observational, experimental

D  Observational, correlational 

A  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

B  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

C   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

D  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

A  Clinical interview 

B  Clinical interview 

C  Structured interview

D  Naturalistic observation

A  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

B  Questions in a large group of participants

C  A different set of questions for each participant

D  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

A  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

B  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

C  Does not reveal depth of information

D  Only provides a small amount of information

A  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

B  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

C  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

D  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Naturalistic observation

C  Self-report

D  Structured observation

A  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

B  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

C  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

D  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

A  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

B  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

C  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

D  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

A  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

B  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

C  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

D  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

A  Hypothesis

B  Research methods

C  Research designs 

D  Theories

A  Psychosexual 

B  Cognitive- Developmental

C  Behaviorism 

D  Psychosocial

A  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

B  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

C  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

D  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

A  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

B  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

C  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

D  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

A  Applied in all cultures 

B  Ignored personality development

C  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

D  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

A  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

B  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

C  By carefully observing his own children

D  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

A  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

B  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

C  Actively explore the environment

D  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

A   Launching the normative approach

B  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

C  Writing the first parenting books 

D  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

A  Psychometric

B  Genetic

C  Nonnormative

D  Normative

A  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

B  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

C  Regarded development as a maturational process

D  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

A  G. Stanley Hall

B  Charles Darwin

C  Arnold Gesell

D  Benjamin Spock

A   Normative approach 

B  Theory of evolution

C  Psychosocial theory

D  Psychoanalytic theory

A  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

B  Do not follow a predictable timetable

C  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

D  Are typical or average

A  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

B  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

C  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

D  Vocational success over family obligations

A  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

B  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

C  History-graded influences are normative

D  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

A  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

B  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

C  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

D  Ari, a temperamental artist

A  Stamina

B  Plasticity 

C  Assimilation 

D  Resilience 

A  Early childhood

B  The parental period 

C  No single age range period

D  Adolescence 

A  Static and stable

B  Largely the result of heredity

C  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

D  Multidirectional and multidimensional

A  Mostly influenced by heredity

B  Having substantial plasticity 

C  Driven by early life experiences

D  Mostly stable

A  Nurture

B  Stages

C  Stability 

D  Nature

A  Stages

B  Nature

C  Nurture 

D  Early experiences

A  Stability- Plasticity

B  Nature-nurture 

C  Continous- discontinuous

D  Social-cognitive

A  Nature

B  Discontinuous 

C  Continuous 

D  Nurture

A  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

B  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

C  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

D  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

A  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

B  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

C  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.

D  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents