Chapter 1 Quiz

A  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

B  Participants over the same ages but in different years

C  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

D  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

A  The same grow

B  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

C  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

D  Participants over the same ages but in different years

A  Cross-sectional 

B  Longitudinal 

C  Sequential 

D  Correlational

A  Random assignment 

B  Biased sampling 

C  Cohort effects

D  Practice effects 

A   Sequential 

B  Correctional

C  Cross- sectional 

D  Longitudinal 

A  Experimental 

B  Longitudinal 

C  Correlational

D  Cross-sectional 

A  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

B  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

C  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

D  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

A  Systematic 

B  Sequential

C  Random

D  Correlational

A  Control group

B  Dependent variable 

C  Correlation coefficient 

D  Independent variable 

A  Correlational 

B  Experimental

C  Structural 

D  Observational 

A  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

B  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

C  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

D  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

A  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

B  Age-related changes may be distorted 

C  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

D  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

A  Variable

B  Correlational 

C  Experimental 

D  Observational 

A  Correlational, experimental 

B  Variable, observational 

C  Observational, correlational 

D  Observational, experimental

A  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

B   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

C  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

D  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

A  Structured interview

B  Naturalistic observation

C  Clinical interview 

D  Clinical interview 

A  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

B  Questions in a large group of participants

C  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

D  A different set of questions for each participant

A  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

B  Does not reveal depth of information

C  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

D  Only provides a small amount of information

A  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

B  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

C  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

D  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Self-report

C  Naturalistic observation

D  Structured observation

A  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

B  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

C  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

D  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

A  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

B  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

C  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

D  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

A  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

B  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

C  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

D  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

A  Hypothesis

B  Research methods

C  Research designs 

D  Theories

A  Psychosocial

B  Behaviorism 

C  Cognitive- Developmental

D  Psychosexual 

A  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

B  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

C  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

D  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

A  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

B  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

C  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

D  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

A  Ignored personality development

B  Applied in all cultures 

C  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

D  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

A  By carefully observing his own children

B  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

C  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

D  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

A  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

B  Actively explore the environment

C  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

D  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

A  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

B  Writing the first parenting books 

C   Launching the normative approach

D  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

A  Psychometric

B  Normative

C  Nonnormative

D  Genetic

A  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

B  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

C  Regarded development as a maturational process

D  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

A  Charles Darwin

B  Benjamin Spock

C  Arnold Gesell

D  G. Stanley Hall

A   Normative approach 

B  Psychosocial theory

C  Theory of evolution

D  Psychoanalytic theory

A  Do not follow a predictable timetable

B  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

C  Are typical or average

D  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

A  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

B  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

C  Vocational success over family obligations

D  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

A  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

B  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

C  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

D  History-graded influences are normative

A  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

B  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

C  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

D  Ari, a temperamental artist

A  Resilience 

B  Stamina

C  Plasticity 

D  Assimilation 

A  The parental period 

B  Adolescence 

C  Early childhood

D  No single age range period

A  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

B  Multidirectional and multidimensional

C  Static and stable

D  Largely the result of heredity

A  Having substantial plasticity 

B  Driven by early life experiences

C  Mostly stable

D  Mostly influenced by heredity

A  Stages

B  Nature

C  Stability 

D  Nurture

A  Early experiences

B  Nature

C  Nurture 

D  Stages

A  Continous- discontinuous

B  Nature-nurture 

C  Stability- Plasticity

D  Social-cognitive

A  Continuous 

B  Nature

C  Discontinuous 

D  Nurture

A  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

B  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

C  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

D  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

A  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

B  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

C  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

D  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.