Chapter 1 Quiz

A  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

B  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

C  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

D  Participants over the same ages but in different years

A  The same grow

B  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

C  Participants over the same ages but in different years

D  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

A  Correlational

B  Sequential 

C  Cross-sectional 

D  Longitudinal 

A  Biased sampling 

B  Random assignment 

C  Cohort effects

D  Practice effects 

A   Sequential 

B  Correctional

C  Longitudinal 

D  Cross- sectional 

A  Correlational

B  Experimental 

C  Cross-sectional 

D  Longitudinal 

A  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

B  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

C  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

D  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

A  Random

B  Systematic 

C  Correlational

D  Sequential

A  Correlation coefficient 

B  Independent variable 

C  Dependent variable 

D  Control group

A  Experimental

B  Observational 

C  Structural 

D  Correlational 

A  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

B  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

C  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

D  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

A  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

B  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

C  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

D  Age-related changes may be distorted 

A  Experimental 

B  Variable

C  Correlational 

D  Observational 

A  Observational, correlational 

B  Observational, experimental

C  Variable, observational 

D  Correlational, experimental 

A  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

B  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

C   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

D  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

A  Clinical interview 

B  Structured interview

C  Naturalistic observation

D  Clinical interview 

A  A different set of questions for each participant

B  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

C  Questions in a large group of participants

D  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

A  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

B  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

C  Only provides a small amount of information

D  Does not reveal depth of information

A  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

B  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

C  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

D  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Structured observation

C  Naturalistic observation

D  Self-report

A  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

B  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

C  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

D  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

A  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

B  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

C  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

D  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

A  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

B  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

C  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

D  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

A  Research methods

B  Hypothesis

C  Theories

D  Research designs 

A  Psychosocial

B  Psychosexual 

C  Cognitive- Developmental

D  Behaviorism 

A  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

B  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

C  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

D  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

A  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

B  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

C  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

D  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

A  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

B  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

C  Ignored personality development

D  Applied in all cultures 

A  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

B  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

C  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

D  By carefully observing his own children

A  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

B  Actively explore the environment

C  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

D  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

A   Launching the normative approach

B  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

C  Writing the first parenting books 

D  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

A  Psychometric

B  Normative

C  Genetic

D  Nonnormative

A  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

B  Regarded development as a maturational process

C  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

D  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

A  Benjamin Spock

B  G. Stanley Hall

C  Charles Darwin

D  Arnold Gesell

A   Normative approach 

B  Theory of evolution

C  Psychoanalytic theory

D  Psychosocial theory

A  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

B  Are typical or average

C  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

D  Do not follow a predictable timetable

A  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

B  Vocational success over family obligations

C  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

D  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

A  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

B  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

C  History-graded influences are normative

D  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

A  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

B  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

C  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

D  Ari, a temperamental artist

A  Assimilation 

B  Stamina

C  Resilience 

D  Plasticity 

A  No single age range period

B  Early childhood

C  The parental period 

D  Adolescence 

A  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

B  Multidirectional and multidimensional

C  Static and stable

D  Largely the result of heredity

A  Mostly stable

B  Driven by early life experiences

C  Having substantial plasticity 

D  Mostly influenced by heredity

A  Stages

B  Nature

C  Stability 

D  Nurture

A  Nature

B  Early experiences

C  Nurture 

D  Stages

A  Stability- Plasticity

B  Social-cognitive

C  Nature-nurture 

D  Continous- discontinuous

A  Nature

B  Nurture

C  Continuous 

D  Discontinuous 

A  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

B  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

C  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

D  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

A  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

B  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.

C  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

D  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents