Chapter 1 Quiz

A  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

B  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

C  Participants over the same ages but in different years

D  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

A  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

B  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

C  Participants over the same ages but in different years

D  The same grow

A  Cross-sectional 

B  Longitudinal 

C  Sequential 

D  Correlational

A  Cohort effects

B  Practice effects 

C  Random assignment 

D  Biased sampling 

A  Longitudinal 

B  Cross- sectional 

C  Correctional

D   Sequential 

A  Longitudinal 

B  Correlational

C  Experimental 

D  Cross-sectional 

A  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

B  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

C  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

D  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

A  Correlational

B  Sequential

C  Systematic 

D  Random

A  Dependent variable 

B  Correlation coefficient 

C  Control group

D  Independent variable 

A  Correlational 

B  Experimental

C  Structural 

D  Observational 

A  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

B  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

C  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

D  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

A  Age-related changes may be distorted 

B  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

C  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

D  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

A  Variable

B  Correlational 

C  Experimental 

D  Observational 

A  Observational, correlational 

B  Correlational, experimental 

C  Observational, experimental

D  Variable, observational 

A  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

B  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

C   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

D  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Clinical interview 

C  Structured interview

D  Clinical interview 

A  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

B  A different set of questions for each participant

C  Questions in a large group of participants

D  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

A  Only provides a small amount of information

B  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

C  Does not reveal depth of information

D  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

A  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

B  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

C  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

D  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

A  Self-report

B  Structured observation

C  Naturalistic observation

D  Naturalistic observation

A  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

B  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

C  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

D  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

A  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

B  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

C  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

D  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

A  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

B  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

C  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

D  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

A  Hypothesis

B  Research designs 

C  Theories

D  Research methods

A  Cognitive- Developmental

B  Psychosexual 

C  Psychosocial

D  Behaviorism 

A  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

B  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

C  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

D  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

A  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

B  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

C  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

D  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

A  Ignored personality development

B  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

C  Applied in all cultures 

D  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

A  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

B  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

C  By carefully observing his own children

D  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

A  Actively explore the environment

B  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

C  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

D  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

A  Writing the first parenting books 

B  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

C   Launching the normative approach

D  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

A  Normative

B  Psychometric

C  Nonnormative

D  Genetic

A  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

B  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

C  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

D  Regarded development as a maturational process

A  Benjamin Spock

B  Arnold Gesell

C  Charles Darwin

D  G. Stanley Hall

A   Normative approach 

B  Psychoanalytic theory

C  Theory of evolution

D  Psychosocial theory

A  Are typical or average

B  Do not follow a predictable timetable

C  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

D  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

A  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

B  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

C  Vocational success over family obligations

D  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

A  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

B  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

C  History-graded influences are normative

D  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

A  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

B  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

C  Ari, a temperamental artist

D  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

A  Stamina

B  Assimilation 

C  Resilience 

D  Plasticity 

A  The parental period 

B  Early childhood

C  No single age range period

D  Adolescence 

A  Static and stable

B  Largely the result of heredity

C  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

D  Multidirectional and multidimensional

A  Having substantial plasticity 

B  Driven by early life experiences

C  Mostly stable

D  Mostly influenced by heredity

A  Stability 

B  Stages

C  Nurture

D  Nature

A  Early experiences

B  Nature

C  Stages

D  Nurture 

A  Nature-nurture 

B  Social-cognitive

C  Stability- Plasticity

D  Continous- discontinuous

A  Nurture

B  Continuous 

C  Discontinuous 

D  Nature

A  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

B  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

C  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

D  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

A  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

B  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.

C  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

D  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity