Chapter 1 Quiz

A  Participants over the same ages but in different years

B  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

C  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

D  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

A  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

B  The same grow

C  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

D  Participants over the same ages but in different years

A  Sequential 

B  Correlational

C  Cross-sectional 

D  Longitudinal 

A  Random assignment 

B  Practice effects 

C  Biased sampling 

D  Cohort effects

A  Correctional

B   Sequential 

C  Cross- sectional 

D  Longitudinal 

A  Cross-sectional 

B  Longitudinal 

C  Correlational

D  Experimental 

A  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

B  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

C  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

D  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

A  Correlational

B  Random

C  Sequential

D  Systematic 

A  Independent variable 

B  Control group

C  Correlation coefficient 

D  Dependent variable 

A  Correlational 

B  Structural 

C  Observational 

D  Experimental

A  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

B  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

C  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

D  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

A  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

B  Age-related changes may be distorted 

C  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

D  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

A  Observational 

B  Experimental 

C  Variable

D  Correlational 

A  Correlational, experimental 

B  Observational, experimental

C  Observational, correlational 

D  Variable, observational 

A  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

B   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

C  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

D  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Structured interview

C  Clinical interview 

D  Clinical interview 

A  A different set of questions for each participant

B  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

C  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

D  Questions in a large group of participants

A  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

B  Only provides a small amount of information

C  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

D  Does not reveal depth of information

A  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

B  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

C  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

D  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Structured observation

C  Self-report

D  Naturalistic observation

A  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

B  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

C  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

D  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

A  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

B  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

C  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

D  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

A  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

B  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

C  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

D  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

A  Hypothesis

B  Research methods

C  Research designs 

D  Theories

A  Cognitive- Developmental

B  Psychosexual 

C  Behaviorism 

D  Psychosocial

A  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

B  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

C  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

D  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

A  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

B  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

C  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

D  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

A  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

B  Ignored personality development

C  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

D  Applied in all cultures 

A  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

B  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

C  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

D  By carefully observing his own children

A  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

B  Actively explore the environment

C  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

D  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

A  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

B  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

C  Writing the first parenting books 

D   Launching the normative approach

A  Normative

B  Genetic

C  Psychometric

D  Nonnormative

A  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

B  Regarded development as a maturational process

C  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

D  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

A  Arnold Gesell

B  Benjamin Spock

C  Charles Darwin

D  G. Stanley Hall

A  Psychosocial theory

B  Theory of evolution

C   Normative approach 

D  Psychoanalytic theory

A  Are typical or average

B  Do not follow a predictable timetable

C  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

D  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

A  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

B  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

C  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

D  Vocational success over family obligations

A  History-graded influences are normative

B  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

C  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

D  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

A  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

B  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

C  Ari, a temperamental artist

D  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

A  Plasticity 

B  Stamina

C  Resilience 

D  Assimilation 

A  Adolescence 

B  Early childhood

C  The parental period 

D  No single age range period

A  Multidirectional and multidimensional

B  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

C  Static and stable

D  Largely the result of heredity

A  Mostly stable

B  Having substantial plasticity 

C  Mostly influenced by heredity

D  Driven by early life experiences

A  Nurture

B  Stages

C  Nature

D  Stability 

A  Stages

B  Nurture 

C  Nature

D  Early experiences

A  Continous- discontinuous

B  Nature-nurture 

C  Stability- Plasticity

D  Social-cognitive

A  Nature

B  Continuous 

C  Discontinuous 

D  Nurture

A  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

B  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

C  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

D  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

A  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

B  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

C  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

D  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.