Chapter 02

A  It is relatively easy to determine the national interest, because all states are interested in power.

B  Decision makers often lack information necessary to accurately estimate the costs of an action.

C  All international relations scholars accept the assumption that states are rational actors.

D  It is easy to calculate intangible political benefits against the tangible costs of a war.

A  Escalation

B  Compellence

C  An arms race

D  Deterrence

A  both prisoners confess, thereby ensuring each is worse off than if they both did not confess

B  neither prisoner confesses, thereby ensuring the best outcome for both

C  one prisoner decides not to confess, believing he can do so later

D  both prisoners confess, thereby ensuring the best outcome for both

A  Zero-sum games are more typical in international political economy, whereas non-zero-sum games are more typical in international security.

B  In a zero-sum game, one player’s gain is by definition equal to the other’s loss, whereas in a non-zero-sum game, it is possible for both players to gain or lose.

C  In a zero-sum game, both players win, whereas in a non-zero-sum game, both players lose.

D  In a zero-sum game, one player’s gain is by definition equal to the other’s loss, whereas in a non-zero-sum game, players’ gains and losses cancel each other out.

A  states are very rarely capable of performing a cost-benefit analysis on actions

B  states’ decisions always have beneficial consequences

C  while a state can identify its interests, putting priorities on them is nearly impossible

D  states are unitary actors that can think about their actions coherently and make choices

A  small powers

B  client states

C  great powers

D  middle powers

A  are formalized in written treaties

B  are frequently broken without consequences

C  exist for one issue at one time

D  concern economic issues

A  tends to allow conflicts among middle powers or small states

B  reduces anarchy and deters aggression in the international system

C  causes instability in the international system

D  enhances the sovereignty of less-powerful states

A  States do not trust each other due to the anarchic nature of the international system.

B  States believe that a balance of power ensures interstate cooperation.

C  States are trying to maintain instability in the international system.

D  States believe that a balance of power provides perpetual peace.

A  tripolar

B  diepolar

C  unipolar

D  multipolar