Navigation » List of Schools » California State University, Northridge » Biology » Bio 322 – Evolutionary Biology » Spring 2022 » Quiz 2 Selection, Adaptation, Mutation, Variation
Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:
Question #1
A Our DNA contains exons that contain coding sequences (genes) and DNA contains introns that are non-coding sequences.
B About 2% of genetic infromation is contained in DNA, and the rest in chromosomes that are free of DNA.
C Only small part of DNA contains genetic information, because most information is stored in RNA.
Question #2
A Only mass extinctions and genetic drift can reduce competition among species.
B Evolving to obtain more competitive abilites and replacing competitive species (“survival of the fittest”).
C Specialization on a specific niches partitions ressources and increases diversity.
Question #3
A Pre-adaptation is the development of features in anticipation of environmental change (e.g. developing wings when a continent starts subsiding into the ocean).
B An adaptation that provides a specific advantage (e.f. wings are used for flying), but serves secondary functions in different circumstances (e.g. wings used for swimming, in aquatic birds).
C Pre-adaptation occurs when features are reverses, such as losing eye-sight in sub-terranean species.
Question #4
A Altruistic behavior is only selected for by evolution if it limits the survival of the altruistic individual.
B Altruistic behavior is an anomaly and not selected for by evolution.
C Because the community (“kin”) carries the same genes, and altruism increases chances of survival of the community (“kin selection”).
Question #5
A Genetic drift is the deterioration of genes leading to inhertiable disease.
B Genetic drift is a random fluctuation of genotype frequencies by a chance event.
C Genetic drift describes the speciation due to continental drift (tectonic plates).
Question #6
A This pattern reveals a mass extinction event.
B This pattern reveals genetic drift
C The genotype that is increasing in frequency most likely increases the fitness of the individuals who carry it.
Question #7
A Synonymous (silent) changes in DNA codons.
B Continental drift drives population change and is therefore a function of fitness.
C The combination of survival and reproduction affects gene frequency in subsequent generations, which is one way to quantify fitness.
Question #8
A The fishery increases mortality on the fish population so weak and sick fish are weeded out, so the fish population becomes healthier than desireable.
B By catching practially all fish above legal size, the fishery creates artificial selection for slower growth because smaller fish survive longer.
C By catching more fish that legally allowed, only the bigger fish can survive and reproduce less often.
Question #9
A Natural selection works towards the goal of achieving a design residing in the genes, i.e. the DNA of bacteria already contained the designs of humans (and even species of the future).
B Natural selection is the phenomenon of animals selecting their ecological niche during the juvenile phase of their lifespan.
C Individuals within a population that have advantageous features can survive longer than others that don’t have such features, and having advantageous features increases the chances of procreating their kind.
Question #10
A Adaptation works in combination with natural selection, as advantageous features of some organisms within a population are preserved through generations.
B Adaptation is the result of repeated practice to improve skills or physiological abilities of a number of individuals over their adult lifetime, and then passing these improvements on to the next generation.
C Adaptation is when an animal anticipates a change in the environment and prepares by changing its physiology or anatomy (for example Giraffes developing longer necks).