Final Lecture Exam

A  exfoliative toxin

B  erythrogenic toxin

C  toxic shock syndrome toxin

D  hemolysin

E  enterotoxin

A  fomites to human

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  soil to human

D  animal to human

E  human to human

A  impetigo

B  furuncles and carbuncles

C  scalded skin syndrome

D  acne

E  meningitis

A  have capsules

B  produce coagulase

C  All of thechoices are correct.

D  are motile

E  lack spores

A  Body fluids

B  Direct contact

C  Fomites

D  Mechanical vectors

E  Blood

A  chickenpox

B  herpes labialis

C  infectious mononucleosis

D  herpes keratitis

E  shingles

A  is a childhood febrile disease with a bright red rash on the cheeks

B  is caused by Parvovirus B19

C  has a maculopapular rash that lasts for days to weeks

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  cannot be prevented at this time with vaccination

A  Has a clear discharge

B  Transmitted through both direct and indirect contact

C  Can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, or Neisseria gonorrhoeae

D  Can be caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Streptococcus pneumoniae

E  Treatment is with a broad-spectrum topical antibiotic

A  Is given in early childhood

B  Protects against three different viral diseases

C  Contains toxoids

D  Contains attenuated virus

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  lactase

B  exfoliative toxinB

C    

D  catalase

E  staphylokinase

F  exfoliative toxinA

A  appears as a mononucleosis-like illness in adults

B  it is a very rare form of herpesvirus

C  causes roseola in infants and young children

D  starts with a high fever

E  a rash appears on the fourth day

A  the skin microbiota changes constantly over time

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  vast numbers of organisms are found on expansive, dry areas of the skin

D  the skin microbiome is much more varied than previously thought

E  high salt areas of the skin limit bacterial growth

A  Good hygiene

B  Ivermectin treatment

C  Prophylactic antibiotics

D  Wear insect repellent

A  bacteriophages infect certain bacterial cells and the specificity can be used to identify the organism

B  organisms display specific antigens that can be bound by color-changing antibodies that allow the clinician to locate and identify the pathogen

C  organisms will not grow on certain media types and can be selected for on others

D  organisms have a unique combination of metabolic enzymes that are displayed when color-changing dyes are utilized to demonstrate their physiological response to specific substrates

A  Unlabeledcomplementary DNA

B  Labeledcomplementary DNA

C  Labeled identicalDNA

D  Labeledcomplementary RNA

A  Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

B  Immunelectrophoresis

C  Immunochromatography

D  Western blot

E  Weil-Felix

A  sensitivity

B  specificity

C  agglutination

D  precipitation

E  cross reaction

A  Sensitivity

B  Agglutination

C  Cross reaction

D  Precipitation

E  Specificity

A  specificity

B  sensitivity

C  cross reaction

D  agglutination

E  precipitation

A  Streptococcus

B  Treponema pallidum

C  Pseudomonas

D  Salmonella

E  Clostridium

A  Precipitation

B  Sensitivity

C  Agglutination

D  Cross reactions

E  Specificity

A  a known antigen, an unknown antibody, and a known antibody

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  two known antibodies andone unknown antigen

D  one known antibody, one unknown antibody, and an unknown antigen

E  two known antibodies andone known antigen

A  allograft

B  hypograft

C  isograft

D  xenograft

E  autograft

A  can never have an Rh+ baby

B  is in the majority of the population with regard to Rh status

C  All of thechoices are correct.

D  is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn

E  inherited two dominant genes

A  Involves production of IgG and IgE antibodies

B  The Arthus reaction is a local response

C  Involves an immune complex reaction

D  Antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the basement membrane of epithelial tissues

E  Serum sickness is a systemic response

A  Immune complex mediated

B  Both antibody mediated and immune complex mediated

C  Antibody mediated

D  Anaphylaxis

E  Both anaphylaxis and antibody mediated

A  immunopathology

B  histopathology

C  epidemiology

D  humoralpathology

E  hemopathology

A  variable region

B  hinge region

C  light region

D  joining region

E  constant region

A  located in the thymus gland

B  All of thechoices are correct.

C  found on the third chromosome

D  a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins

E  glycoproteins, called MHC antigens, found on all body cells

A  allergens

B  heterophilic antigens

C  autoantigens

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  superantigens

A  directly destroy target cells

B  activate B cells and other T cells

C  secrete antibodies

D  function in allergic reactions

E  suppress immune reactions

A  increases phagocytosis

B  increases the availability of iron

C  increases metabolism

D  reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply

E  stimulates hematopoiesis

A  complement

B  lysozymes

C  leukotrines

D  interferons

E  pyrogens

A  Liver, Endocrine glands, Skin

B  Liver, Endocrine glands, brain

C  Vagina, Urethra, Mouth, Skin, Nose

D  Urethra, Endocrine glands, brain

A  Exocytosis

B  Adhesion

C  Phagocytosis

D  Encapsulation

E  Margination

A  nephrotoxicity

B  prophylaxis

C  synergism

D  chemotherapy

E  selective toxicity

A  true

B  false

A  penicillin

B  vancomycin

C  erythromycin

D  isoniazid

E  cephalosporin

A  moist heat autoclave

B  boiling water

C  chlorination

D  pasteurization

E  hydrogen peroxide

A  100°C for 30 minutes

B  71.6°C for 15 seconds

C  63°C for 30 minutes

D  160°C for 2 hours

E  121°C at 15 psi for 15 minutes

A  Moist heat

B  Ethylene dioxide

C  Ultraviolet light

D  Formaldehyde

E  X rays

A  Bacteriostatic—kills bacteria
Bactericidal—kills bacteria

B  Bacteriostatic—inhibits the growth of bacteria
Bactericidal—inhibits the growth of bacteria

C  Bacteriostatic—kills bacteria
Bactericidal—inhibits the growth of bacteria

D  Bactericidal—kills bacteria
Bacteriostatic—inhibits the growth of bacteria

A  Include adenine and guanine

B  Always paired with a specific pyrimidine

C  Only found in DNA, not in RNA

D  Are nitrogenous bases

E  Found within nucleotides

A  mutations in manufactured cells will cause problems for existing organisms

B  medical insurance costs will likely skyrocket

C  the ability to create life from scratch raises a multitude of issues

D  oil and gas prices will increase as a result of the decreased demand for fossil fuels

A  proteome

B  phenotype

C  genotype

D  proteotype

E  genome

A  false

B  true

A  uses 2 ATPs, produces 4 ATPs, without using oxygen

B  uses 2 ATPs, produces 2 ATPs, without using oxygen

C  uses 2 ATPs, produces 2 ATPs, and requires oxygen

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  uses 2 ATPs, produces 4 ATPs, and requires oxygen

A  Krebs cycle

B  Preparation for Krebs cycle

C  Electron transport system

D  Glycolysis

A  3 ATP

B  38 ATP

C  2 ATP

D  24 ATP

E  42 ATP

A  3 ATP

B  36 ATP

C  38 ATP

D  2 ATP

E  24 ATP

A  6

B  5

C  3

D  4

A  carbon dioxide

B  oxygen

C  high acidity

D  high salt

E  temperatures above 37°C

A  Glucose

B  CH 4

C  H 2O

D  NH 3

E  CO 2

A  osmotic pressure

B  carrier proteins in the membrane

C  the size of the cell

D  size of the pores in the membrane

E  substrate concentration

A  capsomeres

B  envelopes

C  peplomers

D  spikes

E  prophages

A  viroids

B  All of the choices infect bacteria.

C  bacteriophages

D  prions

E  satellite viruses

A  Use of cellculture techniques, Use of animalinoculation, Inoculation ofembryonated eggs

B  Inoculation ofembryonated eggs, Use of enriched broth media, Use of enrichedagar media

C  Use of animalinoculation, Use of enriched broth media, Use of enrichedagar media

D  Use of cellculture techniques, Use of enriched broth media, Use of enrichedagar media

A  syncytia

B  oncoviruses

C  inclusion bodies

D  cytopathic

E  chronic latent viruses

A  cytopathic

B  chronic latent viruses

C  oncoviruses

D  syncytia

E  inclusion bodies

A  metabolically inactive

B  resistant to heat and chemical destruction

C  resistant to destruction by radiation

D  living structures

E  All of the choices are correct.

A  true

B  false

A  Thin layer of peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Outer membrane

B  Thin layer of peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Outer membrane, Lipoteichoic acids

C  Teichoic acids, Thick layer of peptidoglycan, Cell membrane, Lipoteichoic acids

D  Thin layer of peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Cell membrane

A  Filament, hook, basal body

B  Hook, basal body, filament

C  Basal body, hook, filament

D  Basal body, filament, hook

E  Filament, basal body, hook

A  anaerobic

B  aerobic

C  fastidious

D  microaerophilic

E  autotrophic

A  Ignaz Semmelweis

B  Joseph Lister

C  Robert Koch

D  Louis Pasteur

E  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

A  A microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria

B  Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community

C  Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors

D  Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds

E  Escherichia coli producing human insulin

A  Aseptic techniques could reduce the number of wound infections in the surgical setting.

B  Enzymes found in bacteria can be used to cut DNA.

C  Very little DNA is transcribed into RNA that is then translated into proteins.

D  Biofilms can form on implanted objects in the human body and be responsible for infection.

A  protozoa

B  infectious particles

C  bacteria

D  molds

E  parasitic worms

A  fructose

B  glycogen

C  glucose

D  deoxyribose

E  ribose