Final Lecture Exam

A  enterotoxin

B  hemolysin

C  erythrogenic toxin

D  toxic shock syndrome toxin

E  exfoliative toxin

A  fomites to human

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  animal to human

D  human to human

E  soil to human

A  acne

B  furuncles and carbuncles

C  impetigo

D  scalded skin syndrome

E  meningitis

A  lack spores

B  All of thechoices are correct.

C  are motile

D  produce coagulase

E  have capsules

A  Direct contact

B  Mechanical vectors

C  Fomites

D  Body fluids

E  Blood

A  herpes labialis

B  herpes keratitis

C  shingles

D  chickenpox

E  infectious mononucleosis

A  is caused by Parvovirus B19

B  cannot be prevented at this time with vaccination

C  All of the choices are correct.

D  has a maculopapular rash that lasts for days to weeks

E  is a childhood febrile disease with a bright red rash on the cheeks

A  Can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, or Neisseria gonorrhoeae

B  Can be caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Streptococcus pneumoniae

C  Treatment is with a broad-spectrum topical antibiotic

D  Transmitted through both direct and indirect contact

E  Has a clear discharge

A  Is given in early childhood

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Contains attenuated virus

D  Contains toxoids

E  Protects against three different viral diseases

A  catalase

B  exfoliative toxinB

C  staphylokinase

D  exfoliative toxinA

E    

F  lactase

A  appears as a mononucleosis-like illness in adults

B  a rash appears on the fourth day

C  starts with a high fever

D  causes roseola in infants and young children

E  it is a very rare form of herpesvirus

A  the skin microbiota changes constantly over time

B  the skin microbiome is much more varied than previously thought

C  high salt areas of the skin limit bacterial growth

D  vast numbers of organisms are found on expansive, dry areas of the skin

E  All of the choices are correct.

A  Good hygiene

B  Wear insect repellent

C  Prophylactic antibiotics

D  Ivermectin treatment

A  organisms display specific antigens that can be bound by color-changing antibodies that allow the clinician to locate and identify the pathogen

B  bacteriophages infect certain bacterial cells and the specificity can be used to identify the organism

C  organisms will not grow on certain media types and can be selected for on others

D  organisms have a unique combination of metabolic enzymes that are displayed when color-changing dyes are utilized to demonstrate their physiological response to specific substrates

A  Labeledcomplementary RNA

B  Labeled identicalDNA

C  Unlabeledcomplementary DNA

D  Labeledcomplementary DNA

A  Weil-Felix

B  Western blot

C  Immunochromatography

D  Immunelectrophoresis

E  Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

A  precipitation

B  sensitivity

C  specificity

D  cross reaction

E  agglutination

A  Sensitivity

B  Agglutination

C  Precipitation

D  Cross reaction

E  Specificity

A  agglutination

B  precipitation

C  cross reaction

D  sensitivity

E  specificity

A  Streptococcus

B  Treponema pallidum

C  Clostridium

D  Salmonella

E  Pseudomonas

A  Cross reactions

B  Specificity

C  Agglutination

D  Sensitivity

E  Precipitation

A  two known antibodies andone unknown antigen

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  one known antibody, one unknown antibody, and an unknown antigen

D  two known antibodies andone known antigen

E  a known antigen, an unknown antibody, and a known antibody

A  xenograft

B  isograft

C  autograft

D  hypograft

E  allograft

A  inherited two dominant genes

B  All of thechoices are correct.

C  is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn

D  can never have an Rh+ baby

E  is in the majority of the population with regard to Rh status

A  Antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the basement membrane of epithelial tissues

B  Involves production of IgG and IgE antibodies

C  Involves an immune complex reaction

D  Serum sickness is a systemic response

E  The Arthus reaction is a local response

A  Anaphylaxis

B  Both antibody mediated and immune complex mediated

C  Immune complex mediated

D  Antibody mediated

E  Both anaphylaxis and antibody mediated

A  epidemiology

B  hemopathology

C  humoralpathology

D  histopathology

E  immunopathology

A  hinge region

B  constant region

C  variable region

D  joining region

E  light region

A  located in the thymus gland

B  found on the third chromosome

C  glycoproteins, called MHC antigens, found on all body cells

D  All of thechoices are correct.

E  a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins

A  autoantigens

B  allergens

C  superantigens

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  heterophilic antigens

A  secrete antibodies

B  function in allergic reactions

C  directly destroy target cells

D  activate B cells and other T cells

E  suppress immune reactions

A  increases phagocytosis

B  stimulates hematopoiesis

C  increases metabolism

D  increases the availability of iron

E  reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply

A  leukotrines

B  interferons

C  pyrogens

D  complement

E  lysozymes

A  Liver, Endocrine glands, Skin

B  Urethra, Endocrine glands, brain

C  Vagina, Urethra, Mouth, Skin, Nose

D  Liver, Endocrine glands, brain

A  Encapsulation

B  Adhesion

C  Exocytosis

D  Phagocytosis

E  Margination

A  selective toxicity

B  prophylaxis

C  synergism

D  chemotherapy

E  nephrotoxicity

A  true

B  false

A  vancomycin

B  erythromycin

C  cephalosporin

D  penicillin

E  isoniazid

A  chlorination

B  hydrogen peroxide

C  pasteurization

D  moist heat autoclave

E  boiling water

A  71.6°C for 15 seconds

B  121°C at 15 psi for 15 minutes

C  160°C for 2 hours

D  100°C for 30 minutes

E  63°C for 30 minutes

A  Ultraviolet light

B  X rays

C  Ethylene dioxide

D  Moist heat

E  Formaldehyde

A  Bacteriostatic—kills bacteria
Bactericidal—kills bacteria

B  Bactericidal—kills bacteria
Bacteriostatic—inhibits the growth of bacteria

C  Bacteriostatic—kills bacteria
Bactericidal—inhibits the growth of bacteria

D  Bacteriostatic—inhibits the growth of bacteria
Bactericidal—inhibits the growth of bacteria

A  Always paired with a specific pyrimidine

B  Include adenine and guanine

C  Are nitrogenous bases

D  Only found in DNA, not in RNA

E  Found within nucleotides

A  oil and gas prices will increase as a result of the decreased demand for fossil fuels

B  mutations in manufactured cells will cause problems for existing organisms

C  the ability to create life from scratch raises a multitude of issues

D  medical insurance costs will likely skyrocket

A  genotype

B  proteotype

C  phenotype

D  genome

E  proteome

A  true

B  false

A  uses 2 ATPs, produces 2 ATPs, without using oxygen

B  uses 2 ATPs, produces 4 ATPs, without using oxygen

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  uses 2 ATPs, produces 2 ATPs, and requires oxygen

E  uses 2 ATPs, produces 4 ATPs, and requires oxygen

A  Glycolysis

B  Electron transport system

C  Preparation for Krebs cycle

D  Krebs cycle

A  38 ATP

B  42 ATP

C  2 ATP

D  3 ATP

E  24 ATP

A  38 ATP

B  3 ATP

C  36 ATP

D  24 ATP

E  2 ATP

A  6

B  3

C  5

D  4

A  temperatures above 37°C

B  oxygen

C  carbon dioxide

D  high acidity

E  high salt

A  H 2O

B  Glucose

C  CO 2

D  CH 4

E  NH 3

A  osmotic pressure

B  the size of the cell

C  carrier proteins in the membrane

D  substrate concentration

E  size of the pores in the membrane

A  spikes

B  prophages

C  capsomeres

D  envelopes

E  peplomers

A  bacteriophages

B  prions

C  satellite viruses

D  viroids

E  All of the choices infect bacteria.

A  Use of animalinoculation, Use of enriched broth media, Use of enrichedagar media

B  Use of cellculture techniques, Use of enriched broth media, Use of enrichedagar media

C  Use of cellculture techniques, Use of animalinoculation, Inoculation ofembryonated eggs

D  Inoculation ofembryonated eggs, Use of enriched broth media, Use of enrichedagar media

A  cytopathic

B  oncoviruses

C  inclusion bodies

D  syncytia

E  chronic latent viruses

A  syncytia

B  inclusion bodies

C  cytopathic

D  oncoviruses

E  chronic latent viruses

A  resistant to heat and chemical destruction

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  metabolically inactive

D  living structures

E  resistant to destruction by radiation

A  false

B  true

A  Thin layer of peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Cell membrane

B  Thin layer of peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Outer membrane, Lipoteichoic acids

C  Thin layer of peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Outer membrane

D  Teichoic acids, Thick layer of peptidoglycan, Cell membrane, Lipoteichoic acids

A  Hook, basal body, filament

B  Basal body, filament, hook

C  Filament, basal body, hook

D  Filament, hook, basal body

E  Basal body, hook, filament

A  microaerophilic

B  autotrophic

C  fastidious

D  aerobic

E  anaerobic

A  Robert Koch

B  Louis Pasteur

C  Ignaz Semmelweis

D  Joseph Lister

E  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

A  A microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria

B  Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds

C  Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community

D  Escherichia coli producing human insulin

E  Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors

A  Very little DNA is transcribed into RNA that is then translated into proteins.

B  Aseptic techniques could reduce the number of wound infections in the surgical setting.

C  Enzymes found in bacteria can be used to cut DNA.

D  Biofilms can form on implanted objects in the human body and be responsible for infection.

A  bacteria

B  molds

C  parasitic worms

D  protozoa

E  infectious particles

A  glucose

B  glycogen

C  deoxyribose

D  fructose

E  ribose