Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  contact with microorganisms

C  pathogens penetrating host defenses

D  microorganisms colonizing the body

E  contact with pathogens

A  bottle feeding

B  contact with hospital staff

C  the birth process through the birth canal

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  breast feeding

A  False

B  True

A  All of thechoices are correct.

B  virulence factors

C  toxins that target the intestines

D  proteins

E  exotoxins

A  urinary system

B  gastrointestinal system

C  genital system

D  respiratory system

E  skin

A  False

B  True

A  Production of leukocidins

B  Ability to survive intracellularly

C  Secretion of a capsule

D  Adhering to the host

E  Secretion of slime

A    

B  lipopolysaccharides

C  proteins

D  secretions that always target nervous tissue

E  antiphagocytic factors

F  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

A  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

B  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

C  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

D  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

E  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

A  zoonotic

B  noncommunicable

C  polymicrobial

D  vector-borne

A  skin

B  genital system

C  urinary system

D  respiratory system

E  gastrointestinal system

A  Exocytosis

B  Encapsulation

C  Margination

D  Phagocytosis

E  Adhesion

A  True

B  False

A  infectious dose

B  minimal dose

C  indigenous biota

D  virulence factor

E  endotoxin

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  bacteria

C  protozoans

D  fungi

E  viruses

A  during and immediately after birth

B  before birth, in utero

C  when a child first goes to school

D  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

E  during puberty

A  False

B  True

A  endogenous

B  axenic

C  exogenous

D  an exotoxin

E  an enterotoxin

A  persistent

B  chronic

C  latent

D  asymptomatic

A  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

B  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

C  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

D  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

B  Secretion of exotoxins

C  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

D  Epigenetic changes

A  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

B  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

C  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

D  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

B  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

C  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

D  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

A  cephalosporin

B  vancomycin

C  isoniazid

D  penicillin

E  erythromycin

A  False

B  True

A  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

B  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

C  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

A  False

B  True

A  folic acid biosynthesis

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  ribosome biosynthesis

D  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

E  nucleic acid biosynthesis

F    

A  low toxicity for human tissues

B  high toxicity against microbial cells

C  do not cause serious side effects in humans

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

A  False

B  True

A  broad-spectrum drugs

B  narrow-spectrum drugs

C  antibiotics

D  semisynthetic drugs

E  synthetic drugs

A  Imipenem

B  Penicillinase

C  Clavulanic acid

D  Synercid

E  Aztreonam

A  damage cell membranes

B  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

C  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

D  block folic acid synthesis

E  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  synergism

B  prophylaxis

C  chemotherapy

D  nephrotoxicity

E  selective toxicity

A  gentamycin

B  streptomycin

C  polymyxins

D  erythromycin

E  tetracycline

A  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

B  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

C  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

D  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

A  True

B  False

A  block folic acid synthesis

B  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

C  damage cell membranes

D  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

E  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

A  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

B  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

C  Streptococcus, Penicillium

D  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

A  damage to pathogenic organisms

B  damage to nucleic acids

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

E  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  degermation

B  sterilization.

C  antisepsis

D  sanitization

A  High; dry

B  Moist; high

C  Dry; moist

D  High; moist

E  Moist; dry

A  thermal death point (TDP)

B  sporicidal time

C  None of the choices are correct

D  death phase point

E  thermal death time (TDT)

A  antisepsis

B  decontamination

C  disinfection

D  sterilization

E  virilization

A  False

B  True

A  is less efficient than moist heat

B  includes tyndallization

C  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

D  is used in devices called autoclaves

E  cannot sterilize

A  cellular proteins

B  cell walls

C  cell membranes

D  ribosomes

E  cytoplasm

A  None of the choices are correct

B  sterilization

C  decontamination

D  bacteriostatic

E  bactericidal

A  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

B  blocking transport into the organism

C  All of the choices are correct

D  disrupting membrane integrity

E  blocking transport out from the organism

A  sanitation

B  disinfection

C  decontamination

D  sterilization

E  antisepsis

A  X rays

B  moist heat

C  alcohol

D  metallic ions

E  acids

A  mycobacteria and staphylococci

B  prions

C  protozoan cysts

D  endospores

E  vegetative bacteria and fungi

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  boiling water

B  hydrogen peroxide

C  ultraviolet radiation

D  HEPA filters

E  pasteurization

A  steam autoclave

B  flash pasteurization

C  hot water

D  boiling water

E  All of the choices are correct

A  True

B  False

A  Virucide

B  Bactericide

C  Germicide

D  Sporicide

E  Fungicide

A  sterilization

B  antisepsis

C  sanitization

D  degermation

E  disinfection

A  None of the choices are correct

B  reduces the number of vegetative forms

C  reduces the number of endospores

D  increases food nutrient value

E  kills all vegetative forms

A  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

B  Lysosomes, Proteins

C  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

D  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

A  False

B  True

A  sporicidal time

B  thermal death time (TDT)

C  None of the choices are correct

D  death phase point

E  thermal death point (TDP)