Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  contact with microorganisms

B  contact with pathogens

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  microorganisms colonizing the body

E  pathogens penetrating host defenses

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  the birth process through the birth canal

C  bottle feeding

D  breast feeding

E  contact with hospital staff

A  True

B  False

A  proteins

B  virulence factors

C  All of thechoices are correct.

D  exotoxins

E  toxins that target the intestines

A  genital system

B  respiratory system

C  gastrointestinal system

D  urinary system

E  skin

A  False

B  True

A  Secretion of a capsule

B  Adhering to the host

C  Ability to survive intracellularly

D  Secretion of slime

E  Production of leukocidins

A  lipopolysaccharides

B  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

C  proteins

D  antiphagocytic factors

E    

F  secretions that always target nervous tissue

A  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

B  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

C  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

D  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

E  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

A  vector-borne

B  zoonotic

C  polymicrobial

D  noncommunicable

A  respiratory system

B  genital system

C  gastrointestinal system

D  skin

E  urinary system

A  Adhesion

B  Exocytosis

C  Encapsulation

D  Phagocytosis

E  Margination

A  True

B  False

A  minimal dose

B  virulence factor

C  infectious dose

D  indigenous biota

E  endotoxin

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  bacteria

C  protozoans

D  viruses

E  fungi

A  during and immediately after birth

B  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

C  when a child first goes to school

D  before birth, in utero

E  during puberty

A  True

B  False

A  an enterotoxin

B  axenic

C  endogenous

D  exogenous

E  an exotoxin

A  persistent

B  asymptomatic

C  chronic

D  latent

A  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

B  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

C  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

D  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

B  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

C  Epigenetic changes

D  Secretion of exotoxins

A  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

B  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

C  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

D  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

B  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

C  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

D  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

A  cephalosporin

B  isoniazid

C  erythromycin

D  vancomycin

E  penicillin

A  False

B  True

A  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

B  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

C  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

A  True

B  False

A    

B  folic acid biosynthesis

C  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  nucleic acid biosynthesis

F  ribosome biosynthesis

A  low toxicity for human tissues

B  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

C  do not cause serious side effects in humans

D  high toxicity against microbial cells

E  All of the choices are correct.

A  False

B  True

A  narrow-spectrum drugs

B  antibiotics

C  semisynthetic drugs

D  broad-spectrum drugs

E  synthetic drugs

A  Synercid

B  Penicillinase

C  Aztreonam

D  Imipenem

E  Clavulanic acid

A  block folic acid synthesis

B  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

C  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

D  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

E  damage cell membranes

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  selective toxicity

B  chemotherapy

C  nephrotoxicity

D  synergism

E  prophylaxis

A  gentamycin

B  tetracycline

C  erythromycin

D  streptomycin

E  polymyxins

A  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

B  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

C  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

D  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

A  False

B  True

A  block folic acid synthesis

B  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

C  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

D  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

E  damage cell membranes

A  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

B  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

C  Streptococcus, Penicillium

D  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

A  damage to pathogenic organisms

B  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

C  damage to nucleic acids

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  antisepsis

B  sanitization

C  degermation

D  sterilization.

A  High; moist

B  Moist; high

C  High; dry

D  Moist; dry

E  Dry; moist

A  thermal death point (TDP)

B  death phase point

C  sporicidal time

D  None of the choices are correct

E  thermal death time (TDT)

A  disinfection

B  antisepsis

C  sterilization

D  virilization

E  decontamination

A  True

B  False

A  is used in devices called autoclaves

B  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

C  includes tyndallization

D  cannot sterilize

E  is less efficient than moist heat

A  cytoplasm

B  cellular proteins

C  cell walls

D  cell membranes

E  ribosomes

A  bacteriostatic

B  None of the choices are correct

C  decontamination

D  bactericidal

E  sterilization

A  disrupting membrane integrity

B  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

C  blocking transport into the organism

D  blocking transport out from the organism

E  All of the choices are correct

A  decontamination

B  disinfection

C  antisepsis

D  sanitation

E  sterilization

A  alcohol

B  metallic ions

C  acids

D  moist heat

E  X rays

A  protozoan cysts

B  mycobacteria and staphylococci

C  vegetative bacteria and fungi

D  endospores

E  prions

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  pasteurization

B  hydrogen peroxide

C  ultraviolet radiation

D  boiling water

E  HEPA filters

A  boiling water

B  hot water

C  All of the choices are correct

D  steam autoclave

E  flash pasteurization

A  False

B  True

A  Virucide

B  Sporicide

C  Bactericide

D  Germicide

E  Fungicide

A  degermation

B  sanitization

C  antisepsis

D  disinfection

E  sterilization

A  kills all vegetative forms

B  None of the choices are correct

C  increases food nutrient value

D  reduces the number of endospores

E  reduces the number of vegetative forms

A  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

B  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

C  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

D  Lysosomes, Proteins

A  True

B  False

A  death phase point

B  thermal death point (TDP)

C  thermal death time (TDT)

D  None of the choices are correct

E  sporicidal time