Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  contact with microorganisms

B  contact with pathogens

C  microorganisms colonizing the body

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  pathogens penetrating host defenses

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  contact with hospital staff

C  the birth process through the birth canal

D  breast feeding

E  bottle feeding

A  False

B  True

A  exotoxins

B  toxins that target the intestines

C  virulence factors

D  proteins

E  All of thechoices are correct.

A  respiratory system

B  urinary system

C  skin

D  gastrointestinal system

E  genital system

A  True

B  False

A  Secretion of slime

B  Secretion of a capsule

C  Ability to survive intracellularly

D  Production of leukocidins

E  Adhering to the host

A  proteins

B  antiphagocytic factors

C  secretions that always target nervous tissue

D  lipopolysaccharides

E  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

F    

A  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

B  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

C  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

D  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

E  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

A  zoonotic

B  vector-borne

C  polymicrobial

D  noncommunicable

A  skin

B  urinary system

C  genital system

D  respiratory system

E  gastrointestinal system

A  Encapsulation

B  Margination

C  Phagocytosis

D  Adhesion

E  Exocytosis

A  False

B  True

A  endotoxin

B  minimal dose

C  virulence factor

D  indigenous biota

E  infectious dose

A  protozoans

B  fungi

C  All of the choices are correct.

D  viruses

E  bacteria

A  when a child first goes to school

B  during and immediately after birth

C  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

D  during puberty

E  before birth, in utero

A  True

B  False

A  exogenous

B  axenic

C  an enterotoxin

D  an exotoxin

E  endogenous

A  persistent

B  chronic

C  latent

D  asymptomatic

A  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

B  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

C  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

D  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

B  Secretion of exotoxins

C  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

D  Epigenetic changes

A  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

B  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

C  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

D  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

B  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

C  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

D  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

A  penicillin

B  vancomycin

C  erythromycin

D  cephalosporin

E  isoniazid

A  False

B  True

A  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

B  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

C  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

A  True

B  False

A  ribosome biosynthesis

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  nucleic acid biosynthesis

D  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

E  folic acid biosynthesis

F    

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

C  high toxicity against microbial cells

D  do not cause serious side effects in humans

E  low toxicity for human tissues

A  False

B  True

A  antibiotics

B  synthetic drugs

C  semisynthetic drugs

D  broad-spectrum drugs

E  narrow-spectrum drugs

A  Clavulanic acid

B  Penicillinase

C  Imipenem

D  Aztreonam

E  Synercid

A  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

B  damage cell membranes

C  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

D  block folic acid synthesis

E  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  prophylaxis

B  chemotherapy

C  synergism

D  nephrotoxicity

E  selective toxicity

A  gentamycin

B  streptomycin

C  polymyxins

D  erythromycin

E  tetracycline

A  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

B  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

C  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

D  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

A  True

B  False

A  damage cell membranes

B  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

C  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

D  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

E  block folic acid synthesis

A  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

B  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

C  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

D  Streptococcus, Penicillium

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  damage to pathogenic organisms

C  damage to nucleic acids

D  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

E  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  antisepsis

B  sanitization

C  sterilization.

D  degermation

A  Moist; dry

B  Dry; moist

C  High; dry

D  High; moist

E  Moist; high

A  None of the choices are correct

B  thermal death time (TDT)

C  sporicidal time

D  thermal death point (TDP)

E  death phase point

A  virilization

B  sterilization

C  decontamination

D  disinfection

E  antisepsis

A  True

B  False

A  includes tyndallization

B  cannot sterilize

C  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

D  is used in devices called autoclaves

E  is less efficient than moist heat

A  cell walls

B  ribosomes

C  cell membranes

D  cellular proteins

E  cytoplasm

A  sterilization

B  decontamination

C  bacteriostatic

D  bactericidal

E  None of the choices are correct

A  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

B  All of the choices are correct

C  blocking transport into the organism

D  disrupting membrane integrity

E  blocking transport out from the organism

A  disinfection

B  antisepsis

C  decontamination

D  sanitation

E  sterilization

A  X rays

B  alcohol

C  acids

D  moist heat

E  metallic ions

A  prions

B  mycobacteria and staphylococci

C  vegetative bacteria and fungi

D  protozoan cysts

E  endospores

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  boiling water

B  HEPA filters

C  hydrogen peroxide

D  ultraviolet radiation

E  pasteurization

A  boiling water

B  flash pasteurization

C  steam autoclave

D  All of the choices are correct

E  hot water

A  True

B  False

A  Germicide

B  Bactericide

C  Fungicide

D  Sporicide

E  Virucide

A  sanitization

B  sterilization

C  disinfection

D  degermation

E  antisepsis

A  reduces the number of vegetative forms

B  reduces the number of endospores

C  None of the choices are correct

D  kills all vegetative forms

E  increases food nutrient value

A  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

B  Lysosomes, Proteins

C  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

D  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

A  False

B  True

A  thermal death point (TDP)

B  death phase point

C  thermal death time (TDT)

D  sporicidal time

E  None of the choices are correct