Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  contact with pathogens

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  microorganisms colonizing the body

D  pathogens penetrating host defenses

E  contact with microorganisms

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  bottle feeding

C  contact with hospital staff

D  breast feeding

E  the birth process through the birth canal

A  False

B  True

A  proteins

B  virulence factors

C  exotoxins

D  toxins that target the intestines

E  All of thechoices are correct.

A  gastrointestinal system

B  respiratory system

C  genital system

D  skin

E  urinary system

A  False

B  True

A  Ability to survive intracellularly

B  Secretion of a capsule

C  Adhering to the host

D  Production of leukocidins

E  Secretion of slime

A  antiphagocytic factors

B  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

C  lipopolysaccharides

D  secretions that always target nervous tissue

E  proteins

F    

A  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

B  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

C  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

D  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

E  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

A  polymicrobial

B  vector-borne

C  zoonotic

D  noncommunicable

A  genital system

B  urinary system

C  skin

D  respiratory system

E  gastrointestinal system

A  Exocytosis

B  Adhesion

C  Margination

D  Encapsulation

E  Phagocytosis

A  False

B  True

A  infectious dose

B  endotoxin

C  indigenous biota

D  minimal dose

E  virulence factor

A  viruses

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  protozoans

D  bacteria

E  fungi

A  before birth, in utero

B  during and immediately after birth

C  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

D  during puberty

E  when a child first goes to school

A  False

B  True

A  endogenous

B  an exotoxin

C  axenic

D  exogenous

E  an enterotoxin

A  asymptomatic

B  latent

C  chronic

D  persistent

A  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

B  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

C  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

D  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

B  Secretion of exotoxins

C  Epigenetic changes

D  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

A  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

B  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

C  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

D  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

B  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

C  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

D  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

A  cephalosporin

B  isoniazid

C  erythromycin

D  penicillin

E  vancomycin

A  False

B  True

A  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

B  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

C  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

A  True

B  False

A  folic acid biosynthesis

B  ribosome biosynthesis

C    

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  nucleic acid biosynthesis

F  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

A  do not cause serious side effects in humans

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  high toxicity against microbial cells

D  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

E  low toxicity for human tissues

A  True

B  False

A  antibiotics

B  broad-spectrum drugs

C  synthetic drugs

D  semisynthetic drugs

E  narrow-spectrum drugs

A  Clavulanic acid

B  Imipenem

C  Aztreonam

D  Penicillinase

E  Synercid

A  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

B  block folic acid synthesis

C  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

D  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

E  damage cell membranes

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  chemotherapy

B  synergism

C  nephrotoxicity

D  selective toxicity

E  prophylaxis

A  erythromycin

B  gentamycin

C  streptomycin

D  tetracycline

E  polymyxins

A  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

B  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

C  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

D  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

A  True

B  False

A  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

B  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

C  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

D  block folic acid synthesis

E  damage cell membranes

A  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

B  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

C  Streptococcus, Penicillium

D  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

A  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  damage to pathogenic organisms

D  damage to nucleic acids

E  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  antisepsis

B  degermation

C  sanitization

D  sterilization.

A  High; moist

B  Moist; high

C  Moist; dry

D  Dry; moist

E  High; dry

A  sporicidal time

B  thermal death time (TDT)

C  death phase point

D  thermal death point (TDP)

E  None of the choices are correct

A  disinfection

B  sterilization

C  decontamination

D  antisepsis

E  virilization

A  False

B  True

A  includes tyndallization

B  is less efficient than moist heat

C  cannot sterilize

D  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

E  is used in devices called autoclaves

A  cytoplasm

B  cellular proteins

C  cell membranes

D  cell walls

E  ribosomes

A  decontamination

B  bactericidal

C  None of the choices are correct

D  sterilization

E  bacteriostatic

A  blocking transport out from the organism

B  All of the choices are correct

C  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

D  blocking transport into the organism

E  disrupting membrane integrity

A  sterilization

B  antisepsis

C  sanitation

D  decontamination

E  disinfection

A  X rays

B  acids

C  alcohol

D  moist heat

E  metallic ions

A  prions

B  vegetative bacteria and fungi

C  endospores

D  mycobacteria and staphylococci

E  protozoan cysts

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  hydrogen peroxide

B  HEPA filters

C  ultraviolet radiation

D  pasteurization

E  boiling water

A  flash pasteurization

B  boiling water

C  steam autoclave

D  hot water

E  All of the choices are correct

A  False

B  True

A  Germicide

B  Virucide

C  Fungicide

D  Sporicide

E  Bactericide

A  sterilization

B  degermation

C  antisepsis

D  disinfection

E  sanitization

A  reduces the number of vegetative forms

B  kills all vegetative forms

C  None of the choices are correct

D  increases food nutrient value

E  reduces the number of endospores

A  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

B  Lysosomes, Proteins

C  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

D  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

A  False

B  True

A  death phase point

B  sporicidal time

C  None of the choices are correct

D  thermal death point (TDP)

E  thermal death time (TDT)