Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  contact with microorganisms

B  pathogens penetrating host defenses

C  microorganisms colonizing the body

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  contact with pathogens

A  contact with hospital staff

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  bottle feeding

D  the birth process through the birth canal

E  breast feeding

A  True

B  False

A  virulence factors

B  toxins that target the intestines

C  All of thechoices are correct.

D  exotoxins

E  proteins

A  genital system

B  urinary system

C  respiratory system

D  skin

E  gastrointestinal system

A  True

B  False

A  Adhering to the host

B  Secretion of slime

C  Ability to survive intracellularly

D  Secretion of a capsule

E  Production of leukocidins

A  secretions that always target nervous tissue

B    

C  lipopolysaccharides

D  antiphagocytic factors

E  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

F  proteins

A  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

B  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

C  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

D  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

E  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

A  noncommunicable

B  vector-borne

C  zoonotic

D  polymicrobial

A  respiratory system

B  skin

C  gastrointestinal system

D  urinary system

E  genital system

A  Encapsulation

B  Margination

C  Phagocytosis

D  Adhesion

E  Exocytosis

A  True

B  False

A  virulence factor

B  minimal dose

C  infectious dose

D  endotoxin

E  indigenous biota

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  viruses

C  bacteria

D  fungi

E  protozoans

A  during puberty

B  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

C  before birth, in utero

D  during and immediately after birth

E  when a child first goes to school

A  False

B  True

A  an enterotoxin

B  exogenous

C  axenic

D  an exotoxin

E  endogenous

A  asymptomatic

B  latent

C  persistent

D  chronic

A  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

B  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

C  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

D  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  Secretion of exotoxins

B  Epigenetic changes

C  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

D  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

A  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

B  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

C  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

D  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

B  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

C  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

D  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

A  vancomycin

B  penicillin

C  isoniazid

D  cephalosporin

E  erythromycin

A  True

B  False

A  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

B  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

C  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

A  True

B  False

A  folic acid biosynthesis

B    

C  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

D  ribosome biosynthesis

E  None of the choices are correct.

F  nucleic acid biosynthesis

A  do not cause serious side effects in humans

B  low toxicity for human tissues

C  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

D  high toxicity against microbial cells

E  All of the choices are correct.

A  True

B  False

A  antibiotics

B  narrow-spectrum drugs

C  synthetic drugs

D  semisynthetic drugs

E  broad-spectrum drugs

A  Penicillinase

B  Clavulanic acid

C  Aztreonam

D  Imipenem

E  Synercid

A  damage cell membranes

B  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

C  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

D  block folic acid synthesis

E  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  synergism

B  chemotherapy

C  nephrotoxicity

D  prophylaxis

E  selective toxicity

A  streptomycin

B  gentamycin

C  polymyxins

D  tetracycline

E  erythromycin

A  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

B  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

C  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

D  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

A  False

B  True

A  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

B  block folic acid synthesis

C  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

D  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

E  damage cell membranes

A  Streptococcus, Penicillium

B  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

C  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

D  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

A  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

B  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

C  damage to nucleic acids

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  damage to pathogenic organisms

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  sterilization.

B  degermation

C  sanitization

D  antisepsis

A  Moist; dry

B  High; dry

C  Dry; moist

D  High; moist

E  Moist; high

A  None of the choices are correct

B  thermal death time (TDT)

C  thermal death point (TDP)

D  death phase point

E  sporicidal time

A  sterilization

B  disinfection

C  decontamination

D  virilization

E  antisepsis

A  True

B  False

A  includes tyndallization

B  cannot sterilize

C  is used in devices called autoclaves

D  is less efficient than moist heat

E  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

A  cell membranes

B  cytoplasm

C  ribosomes

D  cellular proteins

E  cell walls

A  bacteriostatic

B  bactericidal

C  sterilization

D  None of the choices are correct

E  decontamination

A  All of the choices are correct

B  blocking transport out from the organism

C  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

D  disrupting membrane integrity

E  blocking transport into the organism

A  sanitation

B  antisepsis

C  sterilization

D  disinfection

E  decontamination

A  X rays

B  acids

C  moist heat

D  alcohol

E  metallic ions

A  endospores

B  prions

C  vegetative bacteria and fungi

D  mycobacteria and staphylococci

E  protozoan cysts

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  pasteurization

B  HEPA filters

C  hydrogen peroxide

D  ultraviolet radiation

E  boiling water

A  hot water

B  flash pasteurization

C  boiling water

D  steam autoclave

E  All of the choices are correct

A  False

B  True

A  Virucide

B  Sporicide

C  Bactericide

D  Fungicide

E  Germicide

A  antisepsis

B  sterilization

C  degermation

D  disinfection

E  sanitization

A  None of the choices are correct

B  increases food nutrient value

C  kills all vegetative forms

D  reduces the number of vegetative forms

E  reduces the number of endospores

A  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

B  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

C  Lysosomes, Proteins

D  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

A  True

B  False

A  thermal death time (TDT)

B  death phase point

C  None of the choices are correct

D  sporicidal time

E  thermal death point (TDP)