Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  contact with pathogens

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  contact with microorganisms

D  pathogens penetrating host defenses

E  microorganisms colonizing the body

A  contact with hospital staff

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  bottle feeding

D  the birth process through the birth canal

E  breast feeding

A  True

B  False

A  toxins that target the intestines

B  virulence factors

C  exotoxins

D  proteins

E  All of thechoices are correct.

A  genital system

B  skin

C  respiratory system

D  urinary system

E  gastrointestinal system

A  False

B  True

A  Production of leukocidins

B  Adhering to the host

C  Ability to survive intracellularly

D  Secretion of slime

E  Secretion of a capsule

A  proteins

B    

C  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

D  lipopolysaccharides

E  antiphagocytic factors

F  secretions that always target nervous tissue

A  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

B  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

C  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

D  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

E  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

A  noncommunicable

B  polymicrobial

C  vector-borne

D  zoonotic

A  respiratory system

B  skin

C  genital system

D  gastrointestinal system

E  urinary system

A  Phagocytosis

B  Margination

C  Adhesion

D  Exocytosis

E  Encapsulation

A  True

B  False

A  virulence factor

B  indigenous biota

C  infectious dose

D  minimal dose

E  endotoxin

A  protozoans

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  fungi

D  viruses

E  bacteria

A  during and immediately after birth

B  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

C  before birth, in utero

D  when a child first goes to school

E  during puberty

A  True

B  False

A  an exotoxin

B  endogenous

C  exogenous

D  an enterotoxin

E  axenic

A  latent

B  chronic

C  persistent

D  asymptomatic

A  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

B  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

C  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

D  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  Epigenetic changes

B  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

C  Secretion of exotoxins

D  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

A  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

B  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

C  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

D  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

B  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

C  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

D  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

A  vancomycin

B  penicillin

C  cephalosporin

D  erythromycin

E  isoniazid

A  True

B  False

A  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

B  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

C  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

A  True

B  False

A    

B  ribosome biosynthesis

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

E  folic acid biosynthesis

F  nucleic acid biosynthesis

A  low toxicity for human tissues

B  high toxicity against microbial cells

C  do not cause serious side effects in humans

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

A  False

B  True

A  synthetic drugs

B  broad-spectrum drugs

C  semisynthetic drugs

D  narrow-spectrum drugs

E  antibiotics

A  Penicillinase

B  Aztreonam

C  Clavulanic acid

D  Imipenem

E  Synercid

A  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

B  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

C  block folic acid synthesis

D  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

E  damage cell membranes

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  prophylaxis

B  synergism

C  chemotherapy

D  selective toxicity

E  nephrotoxicity

A  polymyxins

B  streptomycin

C  gentamycin

D  erythromycin

E  tetracycline

A  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

B  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

C  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

D  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

A  True

B  False

A  damage cell membranes

B  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

C  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

D  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

E  block folic acid synthesis

A  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

B  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

C  Streptococcus, Penicillium

D  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

A  damage to pathogenic organisms

B  damage to nucleic acids

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

E  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  antisepsis

B  sanitization

C  sterilization.

D  degermation

A  High; moist

B  Moist; dry

C  High; dry

D  Dry; moist

E  Moist; high

A  sporicidal time

B  None of the choices are correct

C  death phase point

D  thermal death point (TDP)

E  thermal death time (TDT)

A  decontamination

B  sterilization

C  disinfection

D  virilization

E  antisepsis

A  True

B  False

A  is used in devices called autoclaves

B  is less efficient than moist heat

C  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

D  includes tyndallization

E  cannot sterilize

A  ribosomes

B  cytoplasm

C  cell walls

D  cellular proteins

E  cell membranes

A  sterilization

B  bactericidal

C  None of the choices are correct

D  bacteriostatic

E  decontamination

A  blocking transport into the organism

B  All of the choices are correct

C  blocking transport out from the organism

D  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

E  disrupting membrane integrity

A  disinfection

B  sanitation

C  antisepsis

D  decontamination

E  sterilization

A  alcohol

B  metallic ions

C  acids

D  moist heat

E  X rays

A  mycobacteria and staphylococci

B  endospores

C  vegetative bacteria and fungi

D  protozoan cysts

E  prions

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  boiling water

B  ultraviolet radiation

C  hydrogen peroxide

D  pasteurization

E  HEPA filters

A  hot water

B  flash pasteurization

C  All of the choices are correct

D  boiling water

E  steam autoclave

A  True

B  False

A  Germicide

B  Sporicide

C  Bactericide

D  Virucide

E  Fungicide

A  disinfection

B  antisepsis

C  sterilization

D  degermation

E  sanitization

A  reduces the number of endospores

B  kills all vegetative forms

C  reduces the number of vegetative forms

D  increases food nutrient value

E  None of the choices are correct

A  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

B  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

C  Lysosomes, Proteins

D  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

A  True

B  False

A  thermal death time (TDT)

B  sporicidal time

C  None of the choices are correct

D  thermal death point (TDP)

E  death phase point