Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  pathogens penetrating host defenses

C  contact with pathogens

D  contact with microorganisms

E  microorganisms colonizing the body

A  bottle feeding

B  breast feeding

C  the birth process through the birth canal

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  contact with hospital staff

A  False

B  True

A  All of thechoices are correct.

B  toxins that target the intestines

C  virulence factors

D  exotoxins

E  proteins

A  skin

B  genital system

C  gastrointestinal system

D  urinary system

E  respiratory system

A  False

B  True

A  Production of leukocidins

B  Adhering to the host

C  Secretion of a capsule

D  Ability to survive intracellularly

E  Secretion of slime

A  secretions that always target nervous tissue

B  antiphagocytic factors

C  lipopolysaccharides

D  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

E    

F  proteins

A  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

B  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

C  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

D  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

E  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

A  polymicrobial

B  vector-borne

C  noncommunicable

D  zoonotic

A  urinary system

B  respiratory system

C  gastrointestinal system

D  genital system

E  skin

A  Adhesion

B  Encapsulation

C  Phagocytosis

D  Margination

E  Exocytosis

A  False

B  True

A  virulence factor

B  endotoxin

C  indigenous biota

D  minimal dose

E  infectious dose

A  bacteria

B  protozoans

C  fungi

D  viruses

E  All of the choices are correct.

A  before birth, in utero

B  during and immediately after birth

C  during puberty

D  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

E  when a child first goes to school

A  True

B  False

A  exogenous

B  axenic

C  an exotoxin

D  endogenous

E  an enterotoxin

A  asymptomatic

B  chronic

C  persistent

D  latent

A  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

B  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

C  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

D  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

B  Epigenetic changes

C  Secretion of exotoxins

D  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

A  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

B  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

C  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

D  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

B  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

C  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

D  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

A  cephalosporin

B  erythromycin

C  penicillin

D  vancomycin

E  isoniazid

A  True

B  False

A  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

B  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

C  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

A  False

B  True

A    

B  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

C  folic acid biosynthesis

D  ribosome biosynthesis

E  None of the choices are correct.

F  nucleic acid biosynthesis

A  low toxicity for human tissues

B  do not cause serious side effects in humans

C  high toxicity against microbial cells

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

A  False

B  True

A  antibiotics

B  synthetic drugs

C  semisynthetic drugs

D  narrow-spectrum drugs

E  broad-spectrum drugs

A  Synercid

B  Penicillinase

C  Imipenem

D  Clavulanic acid

E  Aztreonam

A  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

B  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

C  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

D  damage cell membranes

E  block folic acid synthesis

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  synergism

B  chemotherapy

C  nephrotoxicity

D  selective toxicity

E  prophylaxis

A  streptomycin

B  gentamycin

C  erythromycin

D  polymyxins

E  tetracycline

A  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

B  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

C  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

D  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

A  False

B  True

A  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

B  block folic acid synthesis

C  damage cell membranes

D  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

E  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

A  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

B  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

C  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

D  Streptococcus, Penicillium

A  damage to nucleic acids

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  damage to pathogenic organisms

D  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

E  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  antisepsis

B  sanitization

C  sterilization.

D  degermation

A  High; dry

B  Moist; high

C  Moist; dry

D  High; moist

E  Dry; moist

A  sporicidal time

B  thermal death point (TDP)

C  thermal death time (TDT)

D  None of the choices are correct

E  death phase point

A  disinfection

B  antisepsis

C  virilization

D  sterilization

E  decontamination

A  False

B  True

A  includes tyndallization

B  cannot sterilize

C  is less efficient than moist heat

D  is used in devices called autoclaves

E  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

A  cell membranes

B  cellular proteins

C  ribosomes

D  cytoplasm

E  cell walls

A  decontamination

B  None of the choices are correct

C  bacteriostatic

D  sterilization

E  bactericidal

A  blocking transport into the organism

B  All of the choices are correct

C  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

D  blocking transport out from the organism

E  disrupting membrane integrity

A  sanitation

B  antisepsis

C  sterilization

D  disinfection

E  decontamination

A  alcohol

B  X rays

C  acids

D  moist heat

E  metallic ions

A  mycobacteria and staphylococci

B  prions

C  vegetative bacteria and fungi

D  endospores

E  protozoan cysts

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  hydrogen peroxide

B  boiling water

C  pasteurization

D  HEPA filters

E  ultraviolet radiation

A  flash pasteurization

B  boiling water

C  steam autoclave

D  All of the choices are correct

E  hot water

A  False

B  True

A  Virucide

B  Fungicide

C  Germicide

D  Sporicide

E  Bactericide

A  degermation

B  disinfection

C  antisepsis

D  sanitization

E  sterilization

A  reduces the number of vegetative forms

B  increases food nutrient value

C  None of the choices are correct

D  kills all vegetative forms

E  reduces the number of endospores

A  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

B  Lysosomes, Proteins

C  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

D  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

A  True

B  False

A  sporicidal time

B  thermal death point (TDP)

C  None of the choices are correct

D  death phase point

E  thermal death time (TDT)