Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  microorganisms colonizing the body

C  contact with pathogens

D  pathogens penetrating host defenses

E  contact with microorganisms

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  the birth process through the birth canal

C  breast feeding

D  bottle feeding

E  contact with hospital staff

A  False

B  True

A  exotoxins

B  All of thechoices are correct.

C  toxins that target the intestines

D  virulence factors

E  proteins

A  skin

B  gastrointestinal system

C  urinary system

D  respiratory system

E  genital system

A  False

B  True

A  Secretion of slime

B  Ability to survive intracellularly

C  Adhering to the host

D  Production of leukocidins

E  Secretion of a capsule

A    

B  proteins

C  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

D  secretions that always target nervous tissue

E  antiphagocytic factors

F  lipopolysaccharides

A  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

B  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

C  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

D  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

E  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

A  polymicrobial

B  zoonotic

C  noncommunicable

D  vector-borne

A  respiratory system

B  gastrointestinal system

C  genital system

D  skin

E  urinary system

A  Exocytosis

B  Adhesion

C  Encapsulation

D  Margination

E  Phagocytosis

A  True

B  False

A  endotoxin

B  minimal dose

C  infectious dose

D  virulence factor

E  indigenous biota

A  fungi

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  viruses

D  bacteria

E  protozoans

A  before birth, in utero

B  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

C  during puberty

D  when a child first goes to school

E  during and immediately after birth

A  False

B  True

A  endogenous

B  an exotoxin

C  exogenous

D  an enterotoxin

E  axenic

A  chronic

B  persistent

C  latent

D  asymptomatic

A  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

B  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

C  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

D  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

B  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

C  Epigenetic changes

D  Secretion of exotoxins

A  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

B  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

C  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

D  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

B  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

C  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

D  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

A  cephalosporin

B  isoniazid

C  vancomycin

D  penicillin

E  erythromycin

A  False

B  True

A  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

B  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

C  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

A  False

B  True

A  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

B  folic acid biosynthesis

C  nucleic acid biosynthesis

D    

E  ribosome biosynthesis

F  None of the choices are correct.

A  do not cause serious side effects in humans

B  low toxicity for human tissues

C  All of the choices are correct.

D  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

E  high toxicity against microbial cells

A  True

B  False

A  semisynthetic drugs

B  broad-spectrum drugs

C  antibiotics

D  synthetic drugs

E  narrow-spectrum drugs

A  Penicillinase

B  Synercid

C  Imipenem

D  Clavulanic acid

E  Aztreonam

A  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

B  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

C  block folic acid synthesis

D  damage cell membranes

E  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  prophylaxis

B  selective toxicity

C  nephrotoxicity

D  chemotherapy

E  synergism

A  erythromycin

B  streptomycin

C  polymyxins

D  gentamycin

E  tetracycline

A  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

B  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

C  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

D  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

A  True

B  False

A  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

B  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

C  block folic acid synthesis

D  damage cell membranes

E  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

A  Streptococcus, Penicillium

B  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

C  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

D  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

A  damage to pathogenic organisms

B  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

E  damage to nucleic acids

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  degermation

B  sanitization

C  antisepsis

D  sterilization.

A  Dry; moist

B  High; moist

C  Moist; high

D  Moist; dry

E  High; dry

A  thermal death point (TDP)

B  sporicidal time

C  None of the choices are correct

D  thermal death time (TDT)

E  death phase point

A  antisepsis

B  disinfection

C  virilization

D  sterilization

E  decontamination

A  True

B  False

A  includes tyndallization

B  cannot sterilize

C  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

D  is less efficient than moist heat

E  is used in devices called autoclaves

A  cytoplasm

B  cell membranes

C  cell walls

D  cellular proteins

E  ribosomes

A  None of the choices are correct

B  decontamination

C  bactericidal

D  bacteriostatic

E  sterilization

A  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

B  disrupting membrane integrity

C  blocking transport into the organism

D  blocking transport out from the organism

E  All of the choices are correct

A  sanitation

B  decontamination

C  sterilization

D  antisepsis

E  disinfection

A  acids

B  metallic ions

C  X rays

D  alcohol

E  moist heat

A  vegetative bacteria and fungi

B  protozoan cysts

C  mycobacteria and staphylococci

D  prions

E  endospores

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  hydrogen peroxide

B  pasteurization

C  boiling water

D  ultraviolet radiation

E  HEPA filters

A  steam autoclave

B  boiling water

C  hot water

D  flash pasteurization

E  All of the choices are correct

A  True

B  False

A  Germicide

B  Sporicide

C  Bactericide

D  Virucide

E  Fungicide

A  sanitization

B  sterilization

C  antisepsis

D  disinfection

E  degermation

A  reduces the number of endospores

B  increases food nutrient value

C  reduces the number of vegetative forms

D  kills all vegetative forms

E  None of the choices are correct

A  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

B  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

C  Lysosomes, Proteins

D  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

A  True

B  False

A  None of the choices are correct

B  thermal death point (TDP)

C  sporicidal time

D  death phase point

E  thermal death time (TDT)