Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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Question #1

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A Can use a wide variety of nutrients

B Have cell walls

C Include single-celled and filamentous forms

D Heterotrophic nutrition

E Photosynthetic

Question #2

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A formation of a cyst stage

B heterotrophic nutrition

C motility

D ectoplasm and endoplasm

E cell wall

Question #3

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A trophozoite

B cyst

C oocyst

D sporozoite

E food vacuole

Question #4

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A mycelium

B pseudohyphae

C septa

D dimorphic

E molds

Question #5

Which is mismatched?

A Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

B Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

C Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

D Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

E Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

Question #6

Histones are ________.

A proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

B on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

C proteins of the cytoskeleton

D found in polyribosomes

E enzymes found in lysosomes

Question #7

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A Algae, Plants, and Fungi

B Protozoa and Animals

C Algae, Protozoa and Animals

D Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

Question #8

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A parasites

B saprobes

C spores

D pseudohyphae

E dimorphic

Question #9

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A substrates

B parasites

C dimorphic

D saprobes

E nonseptate

Question #10

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A ribosome

B lysosome

C Golgi apparatus

D nucleus

E nucleolus

Question #11

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

B Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

C Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

D Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

Question #12

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A facilitate chemotaxis

B contain microtubules

C are long, whiplike structures

D facilitate phototaxis

E are used for cell motility

Question #13

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A lysosome

B Golgi apparatus

C endoplasmic reticulum

D chloroplast

E mitochondria

Question #14

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A trophozoite

B sporozoa

C endospore

D cyst

E seed

Question #15

The cytoskeleton ________.

A functions in movements of the cytoplasm

B All of the choices are correct.

C provides support

D helps maintain cell shape

E anchors organelles

Question #16

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A None of the choices are correct.

B flagella

C cilia

D microtubules

E filaments

Question #17

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A chromatin

B nucleosome

C nucleoplasm

D nuclear envelope

E nucleolus

Question #18

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

B Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

C Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

D Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

Question #19

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #20

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A Tetrad

B Rod

C Spirochete

D Vibrio

E Coccus

Question #21

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

B cilia

C sex pili

D fimbriae

E flagella

Question #22

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A Fimbriae

B Capsule

C Cell membrane

D All of the choices are correct.

E Slime layer

Question #23

Plasmids ________.

A are often the site of pathogenic genes

B are found in all bacteria

C cannot be passed on to progeny

D are essential for growth and metabolism

E cannot be passed between organisms

Question #24

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A LPS

B fimbriae

C inclusions

D slime layer

E capsule

Question #25

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A amphitrichous

B lophotrichous

C peritrichous

D monotrichous

E atrichous

Question #26

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A Clostridium

B All of thechoices are correct.

C Sporosarcina

D Bacillus

E Staphylococcus

Question #27

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A cilia

B periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

C flagella

D sex pili

E fimbriae

Question #29

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A a spheroplast

B found in archaea

C gram-positive

D gram-negative

E acid fast

Question #30

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A mRNA

B tRNA

C None of thechoices is correct.

D All of thechoices are correct.

E rRNA

Question #31

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A gram-positive

B gram-negative

C both gram-positive and -negative

Question #32

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A gram-positive organisms

B cyanobacteria

C gram-negative organisms

D mycoplasmas

E archaea

Question #33

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Endospores are ________.

A metabolically inactive

B resistant to destruction by radiation

C All of the choices are correct.

D resistant to heat and chemical destruction

E living structures

Question #35

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A cell membranes

B cell walls

C inclusions

D slime layers

E capsules

Question #36

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

B The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

C The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

D The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

E Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

Question #37

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A hook

B outer membrane

C sheath

D filament

E basal body

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A anaerobic

B microaerophilic

C autotrophic

D fastidious

E aerobic

Question #39

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A Ocular lens

B Nosepiece

C Body

D Objective lens

E Condenser

Question #40

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A Swab

B Petri dish

C Needle

D Pipette

E Loop

Question #41

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

B it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

C it is a type of compound microscope

D it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

E it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

Question #42

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A blood agar

B a reducing medium

C mannitol salt agar

D trypticase soy agar

E MacConkey medium

Question #43

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A Selective

B Enriched

C Enumeration

D Differential

E Reducing

Question #44

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope’s ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A Magnification

B Refraction

C Resolving power

D None of the choices are correct.

E All of thechoices are correct.

Question #45

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

B Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

C Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

D Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

Question #46

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler’s methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A simple staining

B using the acid-fast stain

C capsule staining

D using an acidic dye

E negative staining

Question #47

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A Phase contrast

B Transmission electron

C Scanning electron

D Fluorescence

E Differential interference contrast

Question #48

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A hanging drop

B Gram stain

C flagellar stain

D fixed stained smear

E negative stain

Question #49

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

B The culturemedium must be selective.

C The culturemedium must be differential.

D Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

E The culture iscontaminated.

Question #50

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A Has flexibility

B Is solid at room temperature

C Is digested by most microbes

D Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

E Holds moisture

Question #51

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A enriched

B synthetic

C minimal

D complex

E reducing

Question #52

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A Dark field

B Phase contrast

C Bright field

D Electron

E Fluorescence

Question #53

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A Blood

B General purpose

C Transport

D Thioglycollate

E EMB

Question #54

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A fungus

B green plant

C mold

D euglena

E algae

Question #55

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A phase contrast

B electron

C dark field

D fluorescence

E bright field

Question #56

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

B Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

C Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

D Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

Question #57

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #58

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A nomenclature

B bioremediation

C determining evolutionary relatedness

D recombinant DNA

E determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

Question #59

Helminths are _____.

A parasitic worms

B protozoa

C molds

D infectious particles

E bacteria

Question #60

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A phosphorous

B hydrogen

C carbon

D oxygen

E nitrogen

Question #61

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #62

All proteins are enzymes.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #63

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

B Bacteria are larger than viruses

C Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

D Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

Question #64

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A common name

B nomenclature

C taxa

D identification

E classification

Question #65

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A measles

B malaria diseases

C diarrheal diseases

D AIDS-related diseases

E respiratory diseases

Question #66

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A family, order,class

B class, phylum,order

C genus, species,family

D kingdom, domain,phylum

E family, genus,species

Question #67

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A Helminths

B Viruses

C Bacteria

D Fungi

E Parasites

Question #68

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #69

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A pathogens

B fermenters

C decomposers

D prokaryotes

E eukaryotes

Question #70

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A genetic engineering

B immunology

C taxonomy

D bioremediation

E epidemiology

Question #71

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A fermenters

B eukaryotes

C pathogens

D decomposers

E prokaryotes

Question #72

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

B microbes are found on dust particles

C life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

D a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

E microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

Question #73

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A are infectious particles

B lack a cell nucleus

C cause human disease

D are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

E can only be found growing in laboratories

Question #74

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A triglyceride

B wax

C starch

D cholesterol

E phospholipid

Question #75

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A Louis Pasteur

B Joseph Lister

C Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

D Robert Koch

E Francesco Redi

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Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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