Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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Question #1

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A Include single-celled and filamentous forms

B Can use a wide variety of nutrients

C Photosynthetic

D Have cell walls

E Heterotrophic nutrition

Question #2

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A cell wall

B ectoplasm and endoplasm

C heterotrophic nutrition

D motility

E formation of a cyst stage

Question #3

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A trophozoite

B oocyst

C food vacuole

D cyst

E sporozoite

Question #4

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A dimorphic

B mycelium

C pseudohyphae

D molds

E septa

Question #5

Which is mismatched?

A Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

B Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

C Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

D Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

E Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

Question #6

Histones are ________.

A enzymes found in lysosomes

B proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

C on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

D proteins of the cytoskeleton

E found in polyribosomes

Question #7

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A Protozoa and Animals

B Algae, Protozoa and Animals

C Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

D Algae, Plants, and Fungi

Question #8

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A pseudohyphae

B parasites

C dimorphic

D saprobes

E spores

Question #9

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A substrates

B saprobes

C parasites

D nonseptate

E dimorphic

Question #10

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A lysosome

B Golgi apparatus

C nucleolus

D ribosome

E nucleus

Question #11

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

B Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

C Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

D Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

Question #12

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A are long, whiplike structures

B are used for cell motility

C contain microtubules

D facilitate phototaxis

E facilitate chemotaxis

Question #13

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A endoplasmic reticulum

B lysosome

C mitochondria

D chloroplast

E Golgi apparatus

Question #14

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A endospore

B trophozoite

C seed

D cyst

E sporozoa

Question #15

The cytoskeleton ________.

A provides support

B helps maintain cell shape

C anchors organelles

D All of the choices are correct.

E functions in movements of the cytoplasm

Question #16

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A cilia

B filaments

C microtubules

D None of the choices are correct.

E flagella

Question #17

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A nucleosome

B nucleoplasm

C nucleolus

D nuclear envelope

E chromatin

Question #18

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

B Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

C Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

D Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

Question #19

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #20

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A Coccus

B Rod

C Vibrio

D Spirochete

E Tetrad

Question #21

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

B fimbriae

C sex pili

D cilia

E flagella

Question #22

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A All of the choices are correct.

B Fimbriae

C Slime layer

D Capsule

E Cell membrane

Question #23

Plasmids ________.

A cannot be passed on to progeny

B are essential for growth and metabolism

C are found in all bacteria

D cannot be passed between organisms

E are often the site of pathogenic genes

Question #24

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A fimbriae

B inclusions

C capsule

D slime layer

E LPS

Question #25

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A monotrichous

B lophotrichous

C atrichous

D peritrichous

E amphitrichous

Question #26

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A Clostridium

B All of thechoices are correct.

C Sporosarcina

D Bacillus

E Staphylococcus

Question #27

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #28

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A fimbriae

B periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

C flagella

D cilia

E sex pili

Question #29

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A a spheroplast

B gram-positive

C gram-negative

D found in archaea

E acid fast

Question #30

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A tRNA

B None of thechoices is correct.

C rRNA

D mRNA

E All of thechoices are correct.

Question #31

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A gram-positive

B gram-negative

C both gram-positive and -negative

Question #32

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A archaea

B cyanobacteria

C gram-negative organisms

D mycoplasmas

E gram-positive organisms

Question #33

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Endospores are ________.

A living structures

B resistant to heat and chemical destruction

C resistant to destruction by radiation

D metabolically inactive

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #35

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A inclusions

B cell membranes

C cell walls

D capsules

E slime layers

Question #36

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

B The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

C Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

D The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

E The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

Question #37

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A hook

B filament

C sheath

D basal body

E outer membrane

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A aerobic

B microaerophilic

C autotrophic

D fastidious

E anaerobic

Question #39

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A Condenser

B Nosepiece

C Objective lens

D Body

E Ocular lens

Question #40

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A Swab

B Loop

C Needle

D Pipette

E Petri dish

Question #41

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

B it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

C it is a type of compound microscope

D it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

E it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

Question #42

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A blood agar

B a reducing medium

C mannitol salt agar

D MacConkey medium

E trypticase soy agar

Question #43

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A Selective

B Reducing

C Enriched

D Enumeration

E Differential

Question #44

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope’s ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A Resolving power

B None of the choices are correct.

C Refraction

D All of thechoices are correct.

E Magnification

Question #45

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

B Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

C Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

D Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

Question #46

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler’s methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A simple staining

B using the acid-fast stain

C using an acidic dye

D capsule staining

E negative staining

Question #47

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A Differential interference contrast

B Fluorescence

C Phase contrast

D Scanning electron

E Transmission electron

Question #48

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A fixed stained smear

B hanging drop

C flagellar stain

D Gram stain

E negative stain

Question #49

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

B The culture iscontaminated.

C The culturemedium must be differential.

D Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

E The culturemedium must be selective.

Question #50

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

B Is solid at room temperature

C Holds moisture

D Is digested by most microbes

E Has flexibility

Question #51

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A reducing

B enriched

C synthetic

D minimal

E complex

Question #52

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A Bright field

B Electron

C Phase contrast

D Fluorescence

E Dark field

Question #53

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A General purpose

B EMB

C Thioglycollate

D Transport

E Blood

Question #54

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A green plant

B algae

C mold

D euglena

E fungus

Question #55

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A phase contrast

B fluorescence

C electron

D bright field

E dark field

Question #56

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

B Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

C Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

D Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

Question #57

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #58

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A determining evolutionary relatedness

B determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

C recombinant DNA

D bioremediation

E nomenclature

Question #59

Helminths are _____.

A infectious particles

B parasitic worms

C protozoa

D molds

E bacteria

Question #60

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A phosphorous

B carbon

C oxygen

D hydrogen

E nitrogen

Question #61

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #62

All proteins are enzymes.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #63

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A Bacteria are larger than viruses

B Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

C Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

D Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

Question #64

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A classification

B nomenclature

C taxa

D identification

E common name

Question #65

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A malaria diseases

B respiratory diseases

C AIDS-related diseases

D diarrheal diseases

E measles

Question #66

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A class, phylum,order

B kingdom, domain,phylum

C family, genus,species

D genus, species,family

E family, order,class

Question #67

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A Viruses

B Bacteria

C Fungi

D Helminths

E Parasites

Question #68

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #69

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A fermenters

B pathogens

C eukaryotes

D prokaryotes

E decomposers

Question #70

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A immunology

B genetic engineering

C taxonomy

D bioremediation

E epidemiology

Question #71

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A eukaryotes

B pathogens

C fermenters

D decomposers

E prokaryotes

Question #72

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

B microbes are found on dust particles

C a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

D a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

E life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

Question #73

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A lack a cell nucleus

B are infectious particles

C can only be found growing in laboratories

D cause human disease

E are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

Question #74

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A wax

B starch

C triglyceride

D cholesterol

E phospholipid

Question #75

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A Francesco Redi

B Robert Koch

C Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

D Louis Pasteur

E Joseph Lister

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Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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