Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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Question #1

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A Include single-celled and filamentous forms

B Heterotrophic nutrition

C Can use a wide variety of nutrients

D Photosynthetic

E Have cell walls

Question #2

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A formation of a cyst stage

B ectoplasm and endoplasm

C motility

D cell wall

E heterotrophic nutrition

Question #3

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A trophozoite

B cyst

C food vacuole

D sporozoite

E oocyst

Question #4

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A septa

B pseudohyphae

C dimorphic

D molds

E mycelium

Question #5

Which is mismatched?

A Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

B Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

C Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

D Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

E Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

Question #6

Histones are ________.

A on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

B enzymes found in lysosomes

C proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

D found in polyribosomes

E proteins of the cytoskeleton

Question #7

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A Protozoa and Animals

B Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

C Algae, Plants, and Fungi

D Algae, Protozoa and Animals

Question #8

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A spores

B pseudohyphae

C parasites

D saprobes

E dimorphic

Question #9

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A nonseptate

B substrates

C dimorphic

D saprobes

E parasites

Question #10

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A nucleolus

B nucleus

C lysosome

D ribosome

E Golgi apparatus

Question #11

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

B Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

C Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

D Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

Question #12

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A facilitate phototaxis

B are long, whiplike structures

C facilitate chemotaxis

D are used for cell motility

E contain microtubules

Question #13

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A endoplasmic reticulum

B mitochondria

C Golgi apparatus

D chloroplast

E lysosome

Question #14

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A endospore

B seed

C sporozoa

D cyst

E trophozoite

Question #15

The cytoskeleton ________.

A functions in movements of the cytoplasm

B All of the choices are correct.

C helps maintain cell shape

D provides support

E anchors organelles

Question #16

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A cilia

B microtubules

C filaments

D flagella

E None of the choices are correct.

Question #17

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A nucleolus

B chromatin

C nucleoplasm

D nuclear envelope

E nucleosome

Question #18

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

B Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

C Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

D Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

Question #19

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #20

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A Spirochete

B Tetrad

C Vibrio

D Rod

E Coccus

Question #21

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A fimbriae

B cilia

C periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

D sex pili

E flagella

Question #22

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A Fimbriae

B Capsule

C Slime layer

D Cell membrane

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #23

Plasmids ________.

A cannot be passed on to progeny

B are essential for growth and metabolism

C are found in all bacteria

D cannot be passed between organisms

E are often the site of pathogenic genes

Question #24

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A inclusions

B fimbriae

C slime layer

D LPS

E capsule

Question #25

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A atrichous

B peritrichous

C lophotrichous

D amphitrichous

E monotrichous

Question #26

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A Staphylococcus

B All of thechoices are correct.

C Bacillus

D Clostridium

E Sporosarcina

Question #27

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A flagella

B cilia

C fimbriae

D periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

E sex pili

Question #29

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A acid fast

B gram-positive

C gram-negative

D found in archaea

E a spheroplast

Question #30

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A All of thechoices are correct.

B None of thechoices is correct.

C rRNA

D mRNA

E tRNA

Question #31

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

B gram-negative

C both gram-positive and -negative

D gram-positive

Question #32

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A gram-positive organisms

B mycoplasmas

C archaea

D cyanobacteria

E gram-negative organisms

Question #33

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Endospores are ________.

A resistant to destruction by radiation

B All of the choices are correct.

C living structures

D metabolically inactive

E resistant to heat and chemical destruction

Question #35

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A capsules

B slime layers

C inclusions

D cell membranes

E cell walls

Question #36

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

B Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

C The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

D The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

E The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

Question #37

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A outer membrane

B sheath

C basal body

D hook

E filament

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A autotrophic

B aerobic

C fastidious

D microaerophilic

E anaerobic

Question #39

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A Nosepiece

B Body

C Condenser

D Objective lens

E Ocular lens

Question #40

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A Loop

B Pipette

C Needle

D Swab

E Petri dish

Question #41

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

B it is a type of compound microscope

C it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

D it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

E it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

Question #42

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A MacConkey medium

B a reducing medium

C trypticase soy agar

D mannitol salt agar

E blood agar

Question #43

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A Enumeration

B Enriched

C Differential

D Selective

E Reducing

Question #44

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope’s ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A All of thechoices are correct.

B Refraction

C None of the choices are correct.

D Resolving power

E Magnification

Question #45

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

B Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

C Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

D Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

Question #46

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler’s methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A using an acidic dye

B simple staining

C negative staining

D using the acid-fast stain

E capsule staining

Question #47

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A Transmission electron

B Phase contrast

C Differential interference contrast

D Fluorescence

E Scanning electron

Question #48

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A hanging drop

B Gram stain

C flagellar stain

D negative stain

E fixed stained smear

Question #49

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

B The culturemedium must be selective.

C The culturemedium must be differential.

D The culture iscontaminated.

E Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

Question #50

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A Is solid at room temperature

B Is digested by most microbes

C Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

D Has flexibility

E Holds moisture

Question #51

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A synthetic

B complex

C enriched

D minimal

E reducing

Question #52

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A Fluorescence

B Phase contrast

C Bright field

D Dark field

E Electron

Question #53

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A Blood

B EMB

C Thioglycollate

D General purpose

E Transport

Question #54

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A green plant

B algae

C mold

D fungus

E euglena

Question #55

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A bright field

B dark field

C fluorescence

D phase contrast

E electron

Question #56

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

B Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

C Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

D Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

Question #57

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #58

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A bioremediation

B determining evolutionary relatedness

C determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

D recombinant DNA

E nomenclature

Question #59

Helminths are _____.

A molds

B parasitic worms

C infectious particles

D bacteria

E protozoa

Question #60

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A oxygen

B carbon

C hydrogen

D phosphorous

E nitrogen

Question #61

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #62

All proteins are enzymes.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #63

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

B Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

C Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

D Bacteria are larger than viruses

Question #64

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A taxa

B classification

C identification

D common name

E nomenclature

Question #65

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A AIDS-related diseases

B respiratory diseases

C malaria diseases

D measles

E diarrheal diseases

Question #66

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A kingdom, domain,phylum

B family, order,class

C family, genus,species

D class, phylum,order

E genus, species,family

Question #67

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A Bacteria

B Parasites

C Helminths

D Viruses

E Fungi

Question #68

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #69

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A eukaryotes

B fermenters

C pathogens

D decomposers

E prokaryotes

Question #70

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A genetic engineering

B immunology

C taxonomy

D bioremediation

E epidemiology

Question #71

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A decomposers

B pathogens

C eukaryotes

D fermenters

E prokaryotes

Question #72

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

B microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

C life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

D a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

E microbes are found on dust particles

Question #73

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A lack a cell nucleus

B cause human disease

C are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

D are infectious particles

E can only be found growing in laboratories

Question #74

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A starch

B wax

C cholesterol

D triglyceride

E phospholipid

Question #75

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A Francesco Redi

B Joseph Lister

C Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

D Louis Pasteur

E Robert Koch

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Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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