Exam 1

A  Justified lying

B  Deviant lying

C  Tolerated lying

D  Accepted lying

A  Restorative theory

B  Deterrence theory

C  Denunciation theory

D  Deontological theory

A  Psychological

B  Organizational

C  Sociological

D  Geographical

A  punishing some innocent people is a price of general deterrence

B  offenders are paying a debt to society

C  offenders have taken unfair advantage of others

D  punishment is a censure of offenders

A  police promotions

B  legislative regulation

C  internal codes and regulations

D  judicial rule-making

A  Individual complainants and public will have higher level of confidence in integrity of police practice

B  Involving citizens will ensure more citizen arrests are made, thereby helping the police

C  Involving citizens is likely to result in more objective and thorough investigations

D  Involving citizens is likely to deter police misconduct

A  It works only if the crimes committed after release are not so frequent or serious so as to negate the effects of the crimes prevented through incapacitative sentencing

B  It works only if we lock up those who would have committed further offenses if they had been left free

C  It works only if we fix offenders while we lock them up

D  It works only if those we lock up are not immediately replaced by new recruits

A  It lacks any principle that determines a properly commensurate sentence

B  It fails to account for the problem of just deserts in an unjust world

C  It provides closure to victims

D  It fails to take account of the fact that there are multiple discretions involved in the sentencing power

A  The prosecution attempting to intimidate or improperly influence key witnesses.

B  Prosecutors threatened to issue a grand jury subpoena to the 13-year-old son of one defendant and to force the boy to testify against his father.

C  Prosecutors contacted the employer of a witness who refused to cooperate and caused her to be terminated from that employment.

D  All of the other answers

A  An offender charged with felonies

B  It should appeal to a persons rational understanding

C  An unrepentant offender

D  It should provide reconciliation with the community

A  Values of different historical periods are valid throughout time

B  It operates as a moral isolationism

C  It provides answers to issues and spurs debate.

D  Cultures are totally isolated from one another

A  there is no possibility that there are moral absolutes

B  we must accept the fact that there are differences in the morality of different societies

C  we can learn from the morality of other societies

D  we should be willing to have our own societys shortcomings exposed

A  Institutional racism

B  Ideological racism

C  Personal prejudice

D  Practical racism

A  Access to a dependable support system

B  Taking regular vacations

C  Improved communication skills

D  Violent outbursts

A  the social peacekeeper

B  the social enforcer

C  the snappy bureaucrat

D  the emergency operator

A  There is sufficient evidence to believe target is likely to commit a crime

B  All are equally morally problematic

C  The person would have committed the crime or a similar crime whether he or she was a victim of the entrapment or not

D  The entrapment succeeds as a technique of detection where other methods, such as complaints investigation, have failed

A  Are mixed

B  Almost unanimously show the influence of racial factors

C  Are not worthy of discussion because the research is poorly done

D  Almost unanimously show that race has no influence

A  The officer has opportunity to achieve morally good end or outcome and intends to do so

B  The means used to achieve good end are not normally considered morally wrong

C  The use of means is perceived by the officer to be the best or only practicable means of ensuring the good end is met

D  The good likely to be achieved by using dirty hands far outweighs the bad consequences of using dirty means

A  Deaths by Personnel Reporting Act of 2000

B  Deaths in Custody Reporting Act of 2000

C  Deaths in Custody Reporting Act of 2013

D  Deaths by Police Reporting Act of 2000

A  Use of force theory

B  Use of aggression theory

C  Angry aggression theory

D  Extralegal force theory

A  Charging

B  Filing multiple prosecutorial information documents at the same time

C  Overcharging

D  Indicting

A  While there is some evidence, they largely do not exist

B  They have been clearly identified, but nevertheless persist

C  They do not qualify as moral issue due to the government being above common people

D  It is not for policy makers to get involved in eradicating racial inequalities

A  ability to justify the stated purposes of punishment

B  emphasis on severity of punishment

C  perspective, as being forward-looking (future) or backward-looking past)

D  micro- or macro-level approach

A  Ethical issue in criminal justice and public policy

B  Ethical problem in personal and professional commitments to clients

C  Ethical problem in the relationship between personal and professional interests

D  Ethical problem in the use of authority

A  Punishment rationality

B  Bureaucratic rationality

C  Rehabilitative detention

D  Restorative detention

A  Historic view

B  Paternalistic view

C  Modern view

D  Superiority view

A  a suspect that advances toward an officer in a threatening manner

B  a suspect that poses a threat to himself or third person

C  a fleeing felon who tries to escape

D  a suspect who is suspected of being armed

A  unethical behavior is more rampant in criminal justice that other fields

B  ethics is not studied at police academies

C  the potential of abuse of discretion and the powers of arrest and use of force society grants to law enforcement personnel

D  CJ professionals have historically ignored ethics in their decision making

A  is a function of defective officers.

B  starts out involving small amounts or harms and then slowly increases/escalates

C  results from poor leadership in the department.

D  is caused by pressure from the public to solve crime by any means available

A  neutrality

B  trust

C  reliance

D  honesty

A  Disadvantage

B  Imprisonment

C  Less eligibility

D  Punishment

A  See that justice is done and that the guilty are punished

B  See that the public interest is protected and integrity of the court upheld

C  Act without bias or prejudice and follow the law

D  See that the guilty are punished and that the public interest is protected

A  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

B  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

C  Ethical problem in information sharing

D  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

A  Courts as well as commentators have recognized that the ethical obligation is more demanding than the constitutional obligation

B  Courts have recognized the need for prosecutors to hide exculpatory evidence in some cases

C  Commentators recommend that misdemeanor cases revert to a preponderance of the evidence as the burden of proof to speed up the trial process

D  That in some circumstances, the defense attorney may break privilege when the attorney clearly knows the defendant is guilty

A  Confession

B  Scientific

C  Polygraph

D  Hard

A  Require the prosecutor to get special permission to question the juror

B  Render it precisely the type of judgment most likely to be biased by race

C  All the defense attorney to file a motion of in re delimited

D  Lead to the conviction of innocent defendants

A  Blacks are disproportionately given more severe sentences than whites.

B  Blacks receive proportionately fewer sentences of probation than whites

C  Past criminal record affects sentencing more than race

D  Blacks receive proportionately more three-strikes sentences than whites

A  A minor relevant

B  Is a relevant

C  A moderately relevant

D  Not a relevant

A  It must be deserved

B  It must involve an unpleasantness for the offender

C  It must be imposed by law enforcement before the offender goes to court

D  It must be for an offense

A  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

B  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

C  Ethical problem in information sharing

D  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

A  There is systematic ethnic discrimination.

B  Jim Crow laws still result in discrimination against minorities.

C  Grand apartheid is evident everywhere in the country.

D  There is discrimination in some places at specific decision-making points.

A  Is actually guilty of the crime charged

B  Fires the attorney

C  Refuses to pay the agreed-upon fee

D  Consults the attorney in furtherance of crime or fraud

A  police corruption

B  the police subculture

C  police discretion

D  police use of excessive force

A  Ethical issue in criminal justice and public policy

B  Ethical problem in the use of authority

C  Ethical problem in the relationship between personal and professional interests

D  Ethical problem in personal and professional commitments to clients

A  consensus theory

B  moral panics

C  symbolic aspect of social conflict

D  conflict theory

A  Perceptual studies

B  Interrupted time-series studies

C  Socioeconomic studies

D  Ecological studies

A  Is an active participant in presentation of the case

B  Can control lawyer strategy

C  Has the final say on ethical issues

D  Is basically a passive umpire or referee

A  culture.

B  demeanor.

C  mythology.

D  mystique.

A  Is required to withdraw from the case

B  Enter a plea of guilty on behalf of the client

C  Can continue and require that the prosecution prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt

D  May withdraw from the case if the judge is informed of this reason

A  Ethical problem in information sharing

B  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

C  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

D  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

A  Do not require most individuals to decide the issue does not mean an individual is helpless to influence public debate on a social issue

B  All of the other answers

C  Do not require individual decision making beyond the decision of whether one is in favor of, or opposed to, a particular social issue

D  Usually and issue of public policy

A  they establish grounds for discipline

B  they establish norms of behavior

C  they create rules the public can rely upon

D  they assure the public that police are required to follow certain standards

A  Emancipation hypothesis

B  Mental hypothesis

C  Criminalization hypothesis

D  Masculinity hypothesis

A  See that the defendant has the best qualified attorney available

B  Not engage in plea bargaining

C  Reveal evidence to the defense if that evidence tends to negate guilt

D  Seek the most severe punishment legally authorized

A  saw their primary job as keeping the good will of the people.

B  were relatively immune from politics and corruption.

C  operated with few legal and ethical controls.

D  were well-trained, well-equipped and well-supervised.

A  It is important to have the capacity to point to moral reasoning in justifying behavior, and the study of ethics develops that capacity

B  All of the others are reasons commonly given

C  The study of ethics increases sensitivity to issues of right and wrong and the right way to conduct oneself, and aids in identifying acts that have a moral content

D  It is crucial that ethical decisions are made, and the study of ethics enables the development of tools that enhance ethical decision making

A  The White rate is higher than either the Black or Hispanic rate

B  The Hispanic rate is higher than either the Black or white rate

C  There are no statistically significant differences in rates between the three groups

D  The Black rate is higher than either the Hispanic or white rate

A  Presence

B  Command verbalization

C  Persuasive verbalization

D  Firm grips

A  The neighborhoods in which arrests take place

B  The frequency of arrests of black in proportion to whites

C  The frequency of arrests of blacks for sale of cocaine and heroin in proportion to whites

D  The frequency of police shooting of blacks in proportion to whites

A  One-third of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

B  All of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

C  None of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

D  Half of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.