Exam 1

A  Deviant lying

B  Justified lying

C  Accepted lying

D  Tolerated lying

A  Deterrence theory

B  Denunciation theory

C  Deontological theory

D  Restorative theory

A  Psychological

B  Organizational

C  Sociological

D  Geographical

A  offenders are paying a debt to society

B  offenders have taken unfair advantage of others

C  punishment is a censure of offenders

D  punishing some innocent people is a price of general deterrence

A  internal codes and regulations

B  legislative regulation

C  judicial rule-making

D  police promotions

A  Individual complainants and public will have higher level of confidence in integrity of police practice

B  Involving citizens is likely to deter police misconduct

C  Involving citizens is likely to result in more objective and thorough investigations

D  Involving citizens will ensure more citizen arrests are made, thereby helping the police

A  It works only if we fix offenders while we lock them up

B  It works only if we lock up those who would have committed further offenses if they had been left free

C  It works only if those we lock up are not immediately replaced by new recruits

D  It works only if the crimes committed after release are not so frequent or serious so as to negate the effects of the crimes prevented through incapacitative sentencing

A  It provides closure to victims

B  It fails to account for the problem of just deserts in an unjust world

C  It fails to take account of the fact that there are multiple discretions involved in the sentencing power

D  It lacks any principle that determines a properly commensurate sentence

A  All of the other answers

B  Prosecutors contacted the employer of a witness who refused to cooperate and caused her to be terminated from that employment.

C  Prosecutors threatened to issue a grand jury subpoena to the 13-year-old son of one defendant and to force the boy to testify against his father.

D  The prosecution attempting to intimidate or improperly influence key witnesses.

A  An offender charged with felonies

B  An unrepentant offender

C  It should provide reconciliation with the community

D  It should appeal to a persons rational understanding

A  Cultures are totally isolated from one another

B  Values of different historical periods are valid throughout time

C  It operates as a moral isolationism

D  It provides answers to issues and spurs debate.

A  we should be willing to have our own societys shortcomings exposed

B  we can learn from the morality of other societies

C  we must accept the fact that there are differences in the morality of different societies

D  there is no possibility that there are moral absolutes

A  Institutional racism

B  Personal prejudice

C  Practical racism

D  Ideological racism

A  Taking regular vacations

B  Violent outbursts

C  Access to a dependable support system

D  Improved communication skills

A  the snappy bureaucrat

B  the emergency operator

C  the social enforcer

D  the social peacekeeper

A  The entrapment succeeds as a technique of detection where other methods, such as complaints investigation, have failed

B  All are equally morally problematic

C  The person would have committed the crime or a similar crime whether he or she was a victim of the entrapment or not

D  There is sufficient evidence to believe target is likely to commit a crime

A  Almost unanimously show the influence of racial factors

B  Are mixed

C  Are not worthy of discussion because the research is poorly done

D  Almost unanimously show that race has no influence

A  The officer has opportunity to achieve morally good end or outcome and intends to do so

B  The good likely to be achieved by using dirty hands far outweighs the bad consequences of using dirty means

C  The means used to achieve good end are not normally considered morally wrong

D  The use of means is perceived by the officer to be the best or only practicable means of ensuring the good end is met

A  Deaths by Personnel Reporting Act of 2000

B  Deaths in Custody Reporting Act of 2013

C  Deaths in Custody Reporting Act of 2000

D  Deaths by Police Reporting Act of 2000

A  Use of aggression theory

B  Angry aggression theory

C  Use of force theory

D  Extralegal force theory

A  Overcharging

B  Filing multiple prosecutorial information documents at the same time

C  Indicting

D  Charging

A  While there is some evidence, they largely do not exist

B  They do not qualify as moral issue due to the government being above common people

C  It is not for policy makers to get involved in eradicating racial inequalities

D  They have been clearly identified, but nevertheless persist

A  emphasis on severity of punishment

B  ability to justify the stated purposes of punishment

C  perspective, as being forward-looking (future) or backward-looking past)

D  micro- or macro-level approach

A  Ethical problem in personal and professional commitments to clients

B  Ethical problem in the relationship between personal and professional interests

C  Ethical problem in the use of authority

D  Ethical issue in criminal justice and public policy

A  Bureaucratic rationality

B  Restorative detention

C  Rehabilitative detention

D  Punishment rationality

A  Paternalistic view

B  Superiority view

C  Modern view

D  Historic view

A  a fleeing felon who tries to escape

B  a suspect that poses a threat to himself or third person

C  a suspect who is suspected of being armed

D  a suspect that advances toward an officer in a threatening manner

A  ethics is not studied at police academies

B  CJ professionals have historically ignored ethics in their decision making

C  the potential of abuse of discretion and the powers of arrest and use of force society grants to law enforcement personnel

D  unethical behavior is more rampant in criminal justice that other fields

A  starts out involving small amounts or harms and then slowly increases/escalates

B  results from poor leadership in the department.

C  is a function of defective officers.

D  is caused by pressure from the public to solve crime by any means available

A  reliance

B  honesty

C  trust

D  neutrality

A  Punishment

B  Imprisonment

C  Less eligibility

D  Disadvantage

A  See that justice is done and that the guilty are punished

B  See that the guilty are punished and that the public interest is protected

C  See that the public interest is protected and integrity of the court upheld

D  Act without bias or prejudice and follow the law

A  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

B  Ethical problem in information sharing

C  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

D  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

A  That in some circumstances, the defense attorney may break privilege when the attorney clearly knows the defendant is guilty

B  Courts as well as commentators have recognized that the ethical obligation is more demanding than the constitutional obligation

C  Commentators recommend that misdemeanor cases revert to a preponderance of the evidence as the burden of proof to speed up the trial process

D  Courts have recognized the need for prosecutors to hide exculpatory evidence in some cases

A  Scientific

B  Hard

C  Polygraph

D  Confession

A  Lead to the conviction of innocent defendants

B  Require the prosecutor to get special permission to question the juror

C  All the defense attorney to file a motion of in re delimited

D  Render it precisely the type of judgment most likely to be biased by race

A  Past criminal record affects sentencing more than race

B  Blacks are disproportionately given more severe sentences than whites.

C  Blacks receive proportionately more three-strikes sentences than whites

D  Blacks receive proportionately fewer sentences of probation than whites

A  A minor relevant

B  Is a relevant

C  Not a relevant

D  A moderately relevant

A  It must be imposed by law enforcement before the offender goes to court

B  It must be deserved

C  It must be for an offense

D  It must involve an unpleasantness for the offender

A  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

B  Ethical problem in information sharing

C  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

D  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

A  There is discrimination in some places at specific decision-making points.

B  Jim Crow laws still result in discrimination against minorities.

C  Grand apartheid is evident everywhere in the country.

D  There is systematic ethnic discrimination.

A  Is actually guilty of the crime charged

B  Fires the attorney

C  Consults the attorney in furtherance of crime or fraud

D  Refuses to pay the agreed-upon fee

A  the police subculture

B  police discretion

C  police corruption

D  police use of excessive force

A  Ethical problem in the relationship between personal and professional interests

B  Ethical issue in criminal justice and public policy

C  Ethical problem in personal and professional commitments to clients

D  Ethical problem in the use of authority

A  conflict theory

B  consensus theory

C  moral panics

D  symbolic aspect of social conflict

A  Ecological studies

B  Socioeconomic studies

C  Interrupted time-series studies

D  Perceptual studies

A  Is an active participant in presentation of the case

B  Can control lawyer strategy

C  Is basically a passive umpire or referee

D  Has the final say on ethical issues

A  demeanor.

B  culture.

C  mystique.

D  mythology.

A  May withdraw from the case if the judge is informed of this reason

B  Enter a plea of guilty on behalf of the client

C  Can continue and require that the prosecution prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt

D  Is required to withdraw from the case

A  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

B  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

C  Ethical problem in information sharing

D  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

A  Do not require individual decision making beyond the decision of whether one is in favor of, or opposed to, a particular social issue

B  All of the other answers

C  Usually and issue of public policy

D  Do not require most individuals to decide the issue does not mean an individual is helpless to influence public debate on a social issue

A  they assure the public that police are required to follow certain standards

B  they create rules the public can rely upon

C  they establish grounds for discipline

D  they establish norms of behavior

A  Criminalization hypothesis

B  Masculinity hypothesis

C  Mental hypothesis

D  Emancipation hypothesis

A  Reveal evidence to the defense if that evidence tends to negate guilt

B  See that the defendant has the best qualified attorney available

C  Not engage in plea bargaining

D  Seek the most severe punishment legally authorized

A  operated with few legal and ethical controls.

B  saw their primary job as keeping the good will of the people.

C  were well-trained, well-equipped and well-supervised.

D  were relatively immune from politics and corruption.

A  The study of ethics increases sensitivity to issues of right and wrong and the right way to conduct oneself, and aids in identifying acts that have a moral content

B  It is important to have the capacity to point to moral reasoning in justifying behavior, and the study of ethics develops that capacity

C  It is crucial that ethical decisions are made, and the study of ethics enables the development of tools that enhance ethical decision making

D  All of the others are reasons commonly given

A  The Hispanic rate is higher than either the Black or white rate

B  There are no statistically significant differences in rates between the three groups

C  The White rate is higher than either the Black or Hispanic rate

D  The Black rate is higher than either the Hispanic or white rate

A  Presence

B  Persuasive verbalization

C  Firm grips

D  Command verbalization

A  The frequency of police shooting of blacks in proportion to whites

B  The frequency of arrests of black in proportion to whites

C  The neighborhoods in which arrests take place

D  The frequency of arrests of blacks for sale of cocaine and heroin in proportion to whites

A  None of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

B  Half of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

C  One-third of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

D  All of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.