Exam 2

A  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

B  Associations of semantic memories

C  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

D  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

E  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

A  Recalling a memory in quick succession

B  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

C  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

D  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

E  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Superiority of letters over numbers

B  Disassociations

C  Pulsing of Long-term memories

D  Alpha-numeric bias

E  Cognitive dissonance

A  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

B  Is a subtype of declarative memory

C  Relies on intuition instead of practice

D  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

E  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

B  Delayed rewards and selective attention

C  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

D  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

B  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

C  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

D  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

A  Ask a friend for answers

B  Re-read each chapter

C  Use mass practice

D  Defer to knowledge in the universe

E  Utilize spaced practice

A  Phonological loop

B  Negative transfer

C  Visuospatial sketchpad

D  Short-term memory

E  Long-term memory

A  STM, LTM, and ATM

B  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

C  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

D  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

E  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

A  Larry, Curly, and Moe

B  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

C  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

D  X, Y, and Z axis

E  STM, LTM, and working memory

A  Use of a universal container connector

B  More availability of safety gloves

C  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

D  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

E  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

A  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

B  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

C  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

D  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

E  Gorillas can move very fast

A  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

B  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

C  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

D  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

E  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

A  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

B  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

C  Id and Ego

D  Expectancy and Value

E  Salience and Effort

A  36 6GRK

B  3G66RK

C  366GRK

D  3G 66RK

E  366 GRK

A  7 seconds

B  7 hours

C  70 seconds

D  70 minutes

E  7 days

A  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

B  4 chipmunks

C  7 +/- 2 chunks

D  +/- 2 chunks

E  4 chunks

A  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

B  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

C  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

D  Use of Dramamine

E  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

A  Gravity

B  Temperature

C  Haptics

D  Smell

E  Vesting

A  During high visual load

B  For tactile response personnel

C  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

D  Situations involving hands-free operation

E  When gloved hands are necessary

A  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

B  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

C  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

D  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

E  Gloves are always optional

F  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

B  Using rhyming words

C  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

D  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

A  For musically inclined individuals

B  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

C  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

D  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

E  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

A  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

B  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

C  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

D  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

E  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

A  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

B  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

C  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

D  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

E  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

A  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

B  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

C  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

D  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

E  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

A  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

B  Presbyopia

C  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

D  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

E  Macular degeneration

A  20 kilowatts

B  20 to 20,000 Hz

C  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

D  Sub-sonic frequencies

E  Ultra-sonic frequencies

A  Color has no impact on test taker performance

B  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

C  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

D  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

A  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

B  Avoid redundant color cues at night

C  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

D  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

E  Minimize use of blue light at night

A  10 to 1

B  3.0 to 1

C  0 to 1

D  7.0 to 1

E  1 to 1

F  4.5 to 1

A  0.7 inches

B  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

C  0.7 lux

D  0.7 feet

E  0.7 degrees

F  0.7 millimeters

A  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

B  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

C  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

D  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

E  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

A  Color is critical for scotopic vision

B  Color is reserved for graphic designers

C  Color improves the user experience

D  Color is always better than grayscale

E  Color should never be the only design cue

A  Red light since it is most visually salient

B  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

C  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

D  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

E  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

A  10 lux

B  1 lux

C  0.01 lux

D  0.1 lux

E  All lux levels

F  100 lux

A  30

B  10

C  5

D  3

E  1

A  Responsible for color vision

B  Operates on very low light levels

C  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

D  Responsible for proprioception

E  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

A  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

B  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

C  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

D  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

E  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

A  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure

B  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals

C  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter

D  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production