Exam 2

A  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

B  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

C  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

D  Associations of semantic memories

E  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

A  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

B  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

C  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

D  Recalling a memory in quick succession

E  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Cognitive dissonance

B  Alpha-numeric bias

C  Disassociations

D  Superiority of letters over numbers

E  Pulsing of Long-term memories

A  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

B  Is a subtype of declarative memory

C  Relies on intuition instead of practice

D  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

E  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

B  Delayed rewards and selective attention

C  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

D  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

B  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

C  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

D  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

A  Utilize spaced practice

B  Use mass practice

C  Re-read each chapter

D  Defer to knowledge in the universe

E  Ask a friend for answers

A  Visuospatial sketchpad

B  Short-term memory

C  Long-term memory

D  Negative transfer

E  Phonological loop

A  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

B  STM, LTM, and ATM

C  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

D  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

E  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

A  STM, LTM, and working memory

B  Larry, Curly, and Moe

C  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

D  X, Y, and Z axis

E  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

A  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

B  Use of a universal container connector

C  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

D  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

E  More availability of safety gloves

A  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

B  Gorillas can move very fast

C  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

D  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

E  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

A  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

B  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

C  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

D  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

E  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

A  Salience and Effort

B  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

C  Id and Ego

D  Expectancy and Value

E  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

A  3G66RK

B  366 GRK

C  36 6GRK

D  3G 66RK

E  366GRK

A  70 minutes

B  7 hours

C  70 seconds

D  7 seconds

E  7 days

A  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

B  4 chipmunks

C  4 chunks

D  7 +/- 2 chunks

E  +/- 2 chunks

A  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

B  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

C  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

D  Use of Dramamine

E  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

A  Vesting

B  Haptics

C  Smell

D  Temperature

E  Gravity

A  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

B  During high visual load

C  For tactile response personnel

D  When gloved hands are necessary

E  Situations involving hands-free operation

A  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

B  Gloves are always optional

C  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

D  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

E  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

F  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

B  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

C  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

D  Using rhyming words

A  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

B  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

C  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

D  For musically inclined individuals

E  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

A  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

B  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

C  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

D  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

E  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

A  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

B  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

C  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

D  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

E  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

A  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

B  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

C  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

D  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

E  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

A  Macular degeneration

B  Presbyopia

C  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

D  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

E  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

A  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

B  Sub-sonic frequencies

C  20 to 20,000 Hz

D  20 kilowatts

E  Ultra-sonic frequencies

A  Color has no impact on test taker performance

B  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

C  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

D  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

A  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

B  Minimize use of blue light at night

C  Avoid redundant color cues at night

D  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

E  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

A  0 to 1

B  10 to 1

C  3.0 to 1

D  1 to 1

E  7.0 to 1

F  4.5 to 1

A  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

B  0.7 inches

C  0.7 degrees

D  0.7 millimeters

E  0.7 lux

F  0.7 feet

A  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

B  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

C  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

D  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

E  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

A  Color is always better than grayscale

B  Color is critical for scotopic vision

C  Color is reserved for graphic designers

D  Color should never be the only design cue

E  Color improves the user experience

A  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

B  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

C  Red light since it is most visually salient

D  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

E  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

A  100 lux

B  0.01 lux

C  0.1 lux

D  10 lux

E  All lux levels

F  1 lux

A  10

B  3

C  30

D  5

E  1

A  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

B  Operates on very low light levels

C  Responsible for proprioception

D  Responsible for color vision

E  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

A  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

B  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

C  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

D  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

E  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

A  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals

B  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production

C  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure

D  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter