Exam 2

A  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

B  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

C  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

D  Associations of semantic memories

E  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

A  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

B  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

C  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

D  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

E  Recalling a memory in quick succession

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Superiority of letters over numbers

B  Cognitive dissonance

C  Alpha-numeric bias

D  Pulsing of Long-term memories

E  Disassociations

A  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

B  Is a subtype of declarative memory

C  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

D  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

E  Relies on intuition instead of practice

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

B  Delayed rewards and selective attention

C  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

D  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

B  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

C  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

D  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

A  Ask a friend for answers

B  Re-read each chapter

C  Defer to knowledge in the universe

D  Use mass practice

E  Utilize spaced practice

A  Long-term memory

B  Visuospatial sketchpad

C  Negative transfer

D  Phonological loop

E  Short-term memory

A  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

B  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

C  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

D  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

E  STM, LTM, and ATM

A  X, Y, and Z axis

B  STM, LTM, and working memory

C  Larry, Curly, and Moe

D  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

E  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

A  Use of a universal container connector

B  More availability of safety gloves

C  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

D  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

E  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

A  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

B  Gorillas can move very fast

C  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

D  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

E  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

A  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

B  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

C  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

D  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

E  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

A  Expectancy and Value

B  Salience and Effort

C  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

D  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

E  Id and Ego

A  366 GRK

B  366GRK

C  3G66RK

D  3G 66RK

E  36 6GRK

A  7 seconds

B  70 minutes

C  70 seconds

D  7 days

E  7 hours

A  4 chipmunks

B  7 +/- 2 chunks

C  4 chunks

D  +/- 2 chunks

E  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

A  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

B  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

C  Use of Dramamine

D  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

E  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

A  Haptics

B  Gravity

C  Vesting

D  Smell

E  Temperature

A  When gloved hands are necessary

B  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

C  For tactile response personnel

D  During high visual load

E  Situations involving hands-free operation

A  Gloves are always optional

B  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

C  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

D  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

E  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

F  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

B  Using rhyming words

C  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

D  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

A  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

B  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

C  For musically inclined individuals

D  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

E  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

A  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

B  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

C  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

D  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

E  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

A  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

B  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

C  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

D  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

E  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

A  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

B  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

C  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

D  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

E  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

A  Presbyopia

B  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

C  Macular degeneration

D  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

E  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

A  Ultra-sonic frequencies

B  20 to 20,000 Hz

C  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

D  20 kilowatts

E  Sub-sonic frequencies

A  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

B  Color has no impact on test taker performance

C  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

D  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

A  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

B  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

C  Avoid redundant color cues at night

D  Minimize use of blue light at night

E  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

A  1 to 1

B  10 to 1

C  0 to 1

D  4.5 to 1

E  3.0 to 1

F  7.0 to 1

A  0.7 millimeters

B  0.7 lux

C  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

D  0.7 feet

E  0.7 inches

F  0.7 degrees

A  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

B  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

C  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

D  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

E  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

A  Color should never be the only design cue

B  Color is reserved for graphic designers

C  Color improves the user experience

D  Color is always better than grayscale

E  Color is critical for scotopic vision

A  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

B  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

C  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

D  Red light since it is most visually salient

E  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

A  10 lux

B  All lux levels

C  0.01 lux

D  1 lux

E  100 lux

F  0.1 lux

A  30

B  3

C  1

D  10

E  5

A  Operates on very low light levels

B  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

C  Responsible for color vision

D  Responsible for proprioception

E  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

A  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

B  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

C  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

D  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

E  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

A  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter

B  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production

C  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals

D  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure