Exam 2

A  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

B  Associations of semantic memories

C  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

D  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

E  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

A  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

B  Recalling a memory in quick succession

C  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

D  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

E  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Cognitive dissonance

B  Pulsing of Long-term memories

C  Disassociations

D  Superiority of letters over numbers

E  Alpha-numeric bias

A  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

B  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

C  Is a subtype of declarative memory

D  Relies on intuition instead of practice

E  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

B  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

C  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

D  Delayed rewards and selective attention

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

B  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

C  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

D  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

A  Ask a friend for answers

B  Defer to knowledge in the universe

C  Use mass practice

D  Utilize spaced practice

E  Re-read each chapter

A  Visuospatial sketchpad

B  Phonological loop

C  Short-term memory

D  Long-term memory

E  Negative transfer

A  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

B  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

C  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

D  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

E  STM, LTM, and ATM

A  STM, LTM, and working memory

B  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

C  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

D  X, Y, and Z axis

E  Larry, Curly, and Moe

A  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

B  More availability of safety gloves

C  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

D  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

E  Use of a universal container connector

A  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

B  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

C  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

D  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

E  Gorillas can move very fast

A  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

B  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

C  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

D  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

E  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

A  Salience and Effort

B  Id and Ego

C  Expectancy and Value

D  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

E  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

A  366GRK

B  36 6GRK

C  366 GRK

D  3G66RK

E  3G 66RK

A  70 minutes

B  7 hours

C  70 seconds

D  7 seconds

E  7 days

A  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

B  4 chunks

C  +/- 2 chunks

D  4 chipmunks

E  7 +/- 2 chunks

A  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

B  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

C  Use of Dramamine

D  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

E  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

A  Smell

B  Vesting

C  Temperature

D  Gravity

E  Haptics

A  Situations involving hands-free operation

B  When gloved hands are necessary

C  During high visual load

D  For tactile response personnel

E  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

A  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

B  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

C  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

D  Gloves are always optional

E  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

F  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

B  Using rhyming words

C  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

D  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

A  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

B  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

C  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

D  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

E  For musically inclined individuals

A  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

B  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

C  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

D  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

E  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

A  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

B  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

C  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

D  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

E  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

A  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

B  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

C  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

D  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

E  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

A  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

B  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

C  Presbyopia

D  Macular degeneration

E  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

A  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

B  20 kilowatts

C  Ultra-sonic frequencies

D  20 to 20,000 Hz

E  Sub-sonic frequencies

A  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

B  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

C  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

D  Color has no impact on test taker performance

A  Avoid redundant color cues at night

B  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

C  Minimize use of blue light at night

D  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

E  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

A  1 to 1

B  4.5 to 1

C  10 to 1

D  7.0 to 1

E  0 to 1

F  3.0 to 1

A  0.7 inches

B  0.7 degrees

C  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

D  0.7 feet

E  0.7 lux

F  0.7 millimeters

A  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

B  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

C  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

D  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

E  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

A  Color is reserved for graphic designers

B  Color is always better than grayscale

C  Color is critical for scotopic vision

D  Color should never be the only design cue

E  Color improves the user experience

A  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

B  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

C  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

D  Red light since it is most visually salient

E  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

A  100 lux

B  All lux levels

C  1 lux

D  10 lux

E  0.1 lux

F  0.01 lux

A  5

B  30

C  3

D  1

E  10

A  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

B  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

C  Responsible for proprioception

D  Operates on very low light levels

E  Responsible for color vision

A  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

B  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

C  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

D  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

E  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

A  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals

B  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure

C  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter

D  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production