Exam 2

A  Associations of semantic memories

B  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

C  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

D  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

E  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

A  Recalling a memory in quick succession

B  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

C  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

D  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

E  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Disassociations

B  Cognitive dissonance

C  Alpha-numeric bias

D  Pulsing of Long-term memories

E  Superiority of letters over numbers

A  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

B  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

C  Relies on intuition instead of practice

D  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

E  Is a subtype of declarative memory

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

B  Delayed rewards and selective attention

C  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

D  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

B  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

C  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

D  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

A  Ask a friend for answers

B  Re-read each chapter

C  Defer to knowledge in the universe

D  Utilize spaced practice

E  Use mass practice

A  Visuospatial sketchpad

B  Long-term memory

C  Negative transfer

D  Short-term memory

E  Phonological loop

A  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

B  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

C  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

D  STM, LTM, and ATM

E  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

A  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

B  Larry, Curly, and Moe

C  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

D  X, Y, and Z axis

E  STM, LTM, and working memory

A  Use of a universal container connector

B  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

C  More availability of safety gloves

D  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

E  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

A  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

B  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

C  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

D  Gorillas can move very fast

E  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

A  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

B  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

C  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

D  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

E  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

A  Id and Ego

B  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

C  Salience and Effort

D  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

E  Expectancy and Value

A  3G66RK

B  3G 66RK

C  366GRK

D  366 GRK

E  36 6GRK

A  7 seconds

B  7 days

C  70 seconds

D  70 minutes

E  7 hours

A  4 chipmunks

B  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

C  4 chunks

D  7 +/- 2 chunks

E  +/- 2 chunks

A  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

B  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

C  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

D  Use of Dramamine

E  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

A  Haptics

B  Vesting

C  Smell

D  Temperature

E  Gravity

A  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

B  When gloved hands are necessary

C  Situations involving hands-free operation

D  For tactile response personnel

E  During high visual load

A  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

B  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

C  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

D  Gloves are always optional

E  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

F  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

B  Using rhyming words

C  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

D  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

A  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

B  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

C  For musically inclined individuals

D  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

E  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

A  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

B  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

C  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

D  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

E  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

A  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

B  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

C  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

D  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

E  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

A  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

B  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

C  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

D  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

E  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

A  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

B  Presbyopia

C  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

D  Macular degeneration

E  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

A  20 kilowatts

B  Sub-sonic frequencies

C  Ultra-sonic frequencies

D  20 to 20,000 Hz

E  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

A  Color has no impact on test taker performance

B  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

C  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

D  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

A  Minimize use of blue light at night

B  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

C  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

D  Avoid redundant color cues at night

E  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

A  0 to 1

B  1 to 1

C  3.0 to 1

D  10 to 1

E  7.0 to 1

F  4.5 to 1

A  0.7 lux

B  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

C  0.7 inches

D  0.7 degrees

E  0.7 millimeters

F  0.7 feet

A  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

B  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

C  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

D  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

E  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

A  Color is always better than grayscale

B  Color is reserved for graphic designers

C  Color improves the user experience

D  Color should never be the only design cue

E  Color is critical for scotopic vision

A  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

B  Red light since it is most visually salient

C  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

D  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

E  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

A  10 lux

B  All lux levels

C  0.01 lux

D  100 lux

E  0.1 lux

F  1 lux

A  10

B  30

C  5

D  3

E  1

A  Responsible for proprioception

B  Operates on very low light levels

C  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

D  Responsible for color vision

E  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

A  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

B  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

C  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

D  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

E  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

A  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals

B  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter

C  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production

D  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure