Exam 2

A  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

B  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

C  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

D  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

E  Associations of semantic memories

A  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

B  Recalling a memory in quick succession

C  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

D  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

E  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pulsing of Long-term memories

B  Alpha-numeric bias

C  Cognitive dissonance

D  Disassociations

E  Superiority of letters over numbers

A  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

B  Relies on intuition instead of practice

C  Is a subtype of declarative memory

D  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

E  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

B  Delayed rewards and selective attention

C  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

D  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

B  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

C  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

D  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

A  Ask a friend for answers

B  Utilize spaced practice

C  Defer to knowledge in the universe

D  Use mass practice

E  Re-read each chapter

A  Short-term memory

B  Long-term memory

C  Negative transfer

D  Visuospatial sketchpad

E  Phonological loop

A  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

B  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

C  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

D  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

E  STM, LTM, and ATM

A  STM, LTM, and working memory

B  Larry, Curly, and Moe

C  X, Y, and Z axis

D  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

E  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

A  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

B  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

C  Use of a universal container connector

D  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

E  More availability of safety gloves

A  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

B  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

C  Gorillas can move very fast

D  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

E  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

A  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

B  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

C  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

D  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

E  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

A  Salience and Effort

B  Id and Ego

C  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

D  Expectancy and Value

E  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

A  36 6GRK

B  3G66RK

C  3G 66RK

D  366 GRK

E  366GRK

A  70 seconds

B  7 days

C  7 seconds

D  7 hours

E  70 minutes

A  4 chipmunks

B  +/- 2 chunks

C  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

D  7 +/- 2 chunks

E  4 chunks

A  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

B  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

C  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

D  Use of Dramamine

E  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

A  Gravity

B  Vesting

C  Smell

D  Temperature

E  Haptics

A  When gloved hands are necessary

B  For tactile response personnel

C  During high visual load

D  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

E  Situations involving hands-free operation

A  Gloves are always optional

B  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

C  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

D  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

E  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

F  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

B  Using rhyming words

C  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

D  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

A  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

B  For musically inclined individuals

C  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

D  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

E  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

A  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

B  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

C  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

D  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

E  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

A  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

B  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

C  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

D  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

E  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

A  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

B  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

C  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

D  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

E  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

A  Presbyopia

B  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

C  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

D  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

E  Macular degeneration

A  20 kilowatts

B  Sub-sonic frequencies

C  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

D  20 to 20,000 Hz

E  Ultra-sonic frequencies

A  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

B  Color has no impact on test taker performance

C  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

D  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

A  Avoid redundant color cues at night

B  Minimize use of blue light at night

C  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

D  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

E  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

A  3.0 to 1

B  4.5 to 1

C  7.0 to 1

D  0 to 1

E  10 to 1

F  1 to 1

A  0.7 inches

B  0.7 feet

C  0.7 lux

D  0.7 millimeters

E  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

F  0.7 degrees

A  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

B  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

C  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

D  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

E  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

A  Color is reserved for graphic designers

B  Color improves the user experience

C  Color is critical for scotopic vision

D  Color is always better than grayscale

E  Color should never be the only design cue

A  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

B  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

C  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

D  Red light since it is most visually salient

E  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

A  100 lux

B  0.01 lux

C  0.1 lux

D  1 lux

E  All lux levels

F  10 lux

A  1

B  30

C  5

D  10

E  3

A  Responsible for proprioception

B  Responsible for color vision

C  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

D  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

E  Operates on very low light levels

A  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

B  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

C  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

D  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

E  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

A  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals

B  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production

C  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure

D  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter