Exam 2

A  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

B  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

C  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

D  Associations of semantic memories

E  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

A  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

B  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

C  Recalling a memory in quick succession

D  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

E  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Alpha-numeric bias

B  Cognitive dissonance

C  Pulsing of Long-term memories

D  Superiority of letters over numbers

E  Disassociations

A  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

B  Is a subtype of declarative memory

C  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

D  Relies on intuition instead of practice

E  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

B  Delayed rewards and selective attention

C  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

D  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

B  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

C  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

D  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

A  Re-read each chapter

B  Ask a friend for answers

C  Defer to knowledge in the universe

D  Use mass practice

E  Utilize spaced practice

A  Short-term memory

B  Negative transfer

C  Phonological loop

D  Long-term memory

E  Visuospatial sketchpad

A  STM, LTM, and ATM

B  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

C  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

D  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

E  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

A  X, Y, and Z axis

B  Larry, Curly, and Moe

C  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

D  STM, LTM, and working memory

E  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

A  Use of a universal container connector

B  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

C  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

D  More availability of safety gloves

E  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

A  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

B  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

C  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

D  Gorillas can move very fast

E  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

A  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

B  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

C  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

D  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

E  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

A  Salience and Effort

B  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

C  Expectancy and Value

D  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

E  Id and Ego

A  36 6GRK

B  366 GRK

C  366GRK

D  3G 66RK

E  3G66RK

A  7 hours

B  70 seconds

C  70 minutes

D  7 seconds

E  7 days

A  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

B  7 +/- 2 chunks

C  4 chunks

D  4 chipmunks

E  +/- 2 chunks

A  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

B  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

C  Use of Dramamine

D  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

E  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

A  Vesting

B  Temperature

C  Gravity

D  Haptics

E  Smell

A  When gloved hands are necessary

B  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

C  Situations involving hands-free operation

D  For tactile response personnel

E  During high visual load

A  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

B  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

C  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

D  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

E  Gloves are always optional

F  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

B  Using rhyming words

C  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

D  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

A  For musically inclined individuals

B  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

C  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

D  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

E  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

A  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

B  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

C  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

D  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

E  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

A  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

B  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

C  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

D  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

E  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

A  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

B  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

C  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

D  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

E  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

A  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

B  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

C  Macular degeneration

D  Presbyopia

E  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

A  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

B  Sub-sonic frequencies

C  20 to 20,000 Hz

D  20 kilowatts

E  Ultra-sonic frequencies

A  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

B  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

C  Color has no impact on test taker performance

D  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

A  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

B  Minimize use of blue light at night

C  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

D  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

E  Avoid redundant color cues at night

A  3.0 to 1

B  4.5 to 1

C  1 to 1

D  7.0 to 1

E  0 to 1

F  10 to 1

A  0.7 feet

B  0.7 inches

C  0.7 lux

D  0.7 millimeters

E  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

F  0.7 degrees

A  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

B  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

C  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

D  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

E  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

A  Color is reserved for graphic designers

B  Color is always better than grayscale

C  Color should never be the only design cue

D  Color is critical for scotopic vision

E  Color improves the user experience

A  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

B  Red light since it is most visually salient

C  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

D  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

E  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

A  0.01 lux

B  10 lux

C  All lux levels

D  0.1 lux

E  100 lux

F  1 lux

A  5

B  3

C  30

D  1

E  10

A  Responsible for proprioception

B  Responsible for color vision

C  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

D  Operates on very low light levels

E  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

A  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

B  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

C  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

D  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

E  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

A  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter

B  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production

C  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure

D  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals