Exam 1

Navigation » List of Schools » West Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 101 – Introduction to Human Physiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 1

Need help with your exam preparation?

Existing Quiz Clients Login here

Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:

Try The Exam

Question #1

Which tract carries sensory information?

A reticulospinal

B pyramidal

C corticospinal

D spinocerebellar

Question #2

Which of the following scans provides imaging of the brain by highlighting areas of the brain with the highest fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, which corresponds to areas of highest metabolic activity?

A X-ray

B PET

C CT

D Ultrasound

Question #3

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called

A beta waves.

B P waves.

C theta waves.

D delta waves.

E alpha waves.

Question #4

What type of information is carried in the descending tracts of the spinal cord?
1. Sensory
2. Motor
3. Integration

A Both 2 & 3

B 1 only

C 3 only

D Both 1 & 2

E 2 only

Question #5

This protects the brain by preventing the movement of harmful substances and pathogens from the blood into the brain tissue.

A Arachnoid mater

B Blood brain barrier

C All of these choices

D Cerebrospinal fluid

E Dura mater

Question #6

These three areas of gray matter found in each cerebral hemisphere are important in helping to control the initiation and termination of skeletal muscle movements.

A vestibular nuclei

B red nuclei

C autonomic ganglia

D lateral olivary nuclei

E basal nuclei

Question #7

These are networks of capillaries found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain that produce cerebrospinal fluid.

A Brachial plexuses

B Lateral apertures

C Choroid plexuses

D Interventricular foramina

E Aqueduct of the midbrain

Question #8

The cerebellum contains these types of neurons, which are characterized by their elaborate dendritic structure.

A Purkinje

B Uniaxial

C Astrocytes

D Unipolar

Question #9

The cell bodies of the sensory neurons that carry information from the periphery to the spinal cord are located in the

A posterior gray horn.

B central canal.

C anterior white commissure.

D dorsal root ganglion.

E lateral gray horn.

Question #10

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called

A P waves.

B beta waves.

C alpha waves.

D theta waves.

E delta waves.

Question #11

Cerebro-spinal Fluid (CSF) is formed by the:

A limbic system

B dura mater

C arachnoid membrane

D choroid plexus

E cerebral ganglia

Question #12

Which of these locations marks the endpoint for cerebrospinal fluid before diffusing into venous blood?

A subarachnoid space

B 3rd ventricle

C lateral ventricles

D choroid plexus

E arachnoid granulations

Question #13

Which structure of the embryonic brain develops into the mature cerebrum?

A Mesencephalon

B Rhombencephelon

C Myelencephalon

D Telencephalon

E Diencephalon

Question #14

Which of the following types of tracts are used to conduct nerve impulses between gyri within the same cerebral hemisphere?

A Association tracts

B Commissural tracts

C Projection tracts

D Stria medullaris

E Mammillothalamic tracts

Question #15

Which of the following tracts are associated with axon pathways within the same hemisphere, but different gyri?

A Association tracts

B Projection tracts

C Commissural tracts

D None of the above

E All of the above

Question #16

Which of the following structures conducts nerve impulses between the two different hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A Association tracts

B Sulci

C Pyramids

D Projection tracts

E Corpus callosum

Question #17

This branch of a spinal nerve serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk.

A Rami communicantes

B Anterior ramus

C Brachial plexus

D Meningeal branch

E Posterior ramus

Question #18

Which of these structures involves the decussation of the pyramids?

A Cerebrum

B Corpus Callosum

C Medulla Oblongata

D Cerebellum

E Pons

Question #19

Which phenomenon explains increased excitability as an adaptation when post-synaptic neurons that are stimulated at high frequency?

A Summation

B Substrate Phosphorylation

C Long Term Potentiation

D IPSPs

Question #20

Which projection of the neuron receives signals?

A Axon Terminal

B Dendrites

C Cell body

D Axon

Question #21

Diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and uptake by cells are all ways to

A stop a spatial summation

B excite a presynaptic potential

C remove a neurotransmitter

D inhibit a presynaptic potential

E continue a temporal summation

Question #22

In temporal summation, a single presynaptic neuron stimulates the creation of action potentials in a postsynaptic neuron when it

A stops firing long enough to allow the postsynaptic neuron to recover.

B recruits other presynaptic neurons to begin to fire.

C runs out of neurotransmitter.

D fires at a steady rate that allows the postsynaptic neuron to return to resting potential.

E fires at a fast enough rate that the sum of EPSPs in the postsynaptic neuron moves above threshold.

Question #23

A polarized cell

A has a charge imbalance across its membrane.

B All of these choices are correct.

C includes most cells of the body and exhibits a membrane potential.

D includes most cells of the body.

E exhibits a membrane potential.

Question #24

Which of the following is also known as adrenaline?

A Norepinephrine

B Dopamine

C Epinephrine

D Serotonin

Question #25

Which part of the neuron conducts the electrical signal away from the cell body region?

A nodes of Ranvier

B choroid plexus

C Schwann cells

D dendrite

E axon

Question #26

In an action potential, the current that flows down the axon of a neuron is generated by the movement of ______ across the membrane.

A electrons

B protons

C ions

D neutrons

E free radicals

Question #27

During this period, a second action potential can only be initiated by a larger than normal stimulus

A Absolute refractory period

B Latent period

C All of these choices

D Relative refractory period

Question #28

Which of the types of junctions is responsible for the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier?

A Desmosomes

B Tight junctions

C Anchoring junctions

D Gap junctions

Question #29

Which part of the neuron conducts the electrical signal away from the
cell body region?

A nodes of Ranvier

B schwann cells

C axon

D choroid plexus

E dendrite

Question #30

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

A All are functions of the nervous system

B Motor function

C Sensory function

D Integrative function

Question #31

An excitatory neurotransmitter _________ the postsynaptic membrane.

A repolarizes

B depolarizes

C does not affect the polarity of

D hyperpolarizes

E moves across channels in

Question #32

IPSP stands for

A none of these choices

B inhibitory presynaptic summation potential

C inhibitory postsynaptic summation potential

D inhibitory presynaptic potential.

E inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Question #33

Which of the two modes of transmission is the fastest?

A Electrical synapse

B Chemical synapse

Question #34

The resting membrane potential in cells is primarily influenced by the permeability of this ion:

A Ca2+

B K¬+

C Na+

D Fe2+

E Cl-

Question #35

What best explains the presence of the hyperpolarization phase?

A Firing of a second action potential

B K+ channels are open longer than Na+ channels

C Release of neurotransmitter

D Closing of voltage-gated Na+ channels

E Activation of the Na+/K+/ATP pump

Question #36

When the summed total of postsynaptic potentials rises above threshold, creation of action potentials occurs

A at the trigger zone.

B in the neuroplasm.

C in the neuron nucleus

D in the dendrites.

E in the synaptic cleft.

Question #37

During an action potential, the diffusion of _______ causes it to depolarize.

A K+ into the cell

B Na+ out of the cell

C Na+ into the cell

D K+ out of the cell

Question #38

When a depolarizing graded potential makes the axon membrane depolarize to threshold,

A voltage-gated Ca+2 channels open rapidly.

B ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly.

C voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly.

D ligand-gated Ca+2 channels close rapidly.

E none of these choices occur.

Question #39

Saltatory conduction

A Happens due to an even distribution of voltage-gated Na+ channels

B Occurs only in myelinated axons

C Fires as a result of a subthreshold graded potential

D Can occur in unmyelinated axons

Question #40

The critical voltage at which the membrane potential must be depolarized in order to cause an action potential is called the:

A Resting membrane potential

B Electrical refractory period

C Threshold potential

D Excitatory postsynaptic potential

E Receptor potential

Question #41

A postsynaptic neuron responds to neurotransmitters released by a presynaptic neuron by creating

A EPSPs

B water-filled channels in its membrane

C either EPSPs or IPSPs

D All the choices are correct

E IPSPs

Question #42

Which of the following are ways to remove a transmitter from the synaptic cleft?

A Enzymatic degradation only

B Enzymatic degradation, Diffusion and Reuptake at axon terminal

C Enzymatic degradation and Diffusion

D Reuptake at axon terminal only

Question #43

In the process of spatial summation, ______ are added together and _____ are subtracted from that total to determine whether _____ will be created at the trigger zone of the postsynaptic neuron.

A EPSPs; action potentials; IPSPs

B EPSPs; IPSPs; graded potentials

C EPSPs; IPSPs; action potentials

D IPSPs; EPSPs; action potentials

E IPSPs; action potentials; EPSPs

Question #44

The resting membrane potential in neurons ranges from:

A –40 to –90 mV

B –90 to 5 mV

C +5 to 100 mV

D None of these choices

E –25 to –70 mV

Question #45

Na+/K+ -ATPase (sodium-potassium pump) is considered to be an electrogenic (produces a change in membrane potential) pump because

A It contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential

B It exhibits low permeability

C The sodium ions are negatively charged

D All of the above are correct

Question #46

Which of the following would decrease the speed of action potential propagation?

A Increased diameter of axon

B More myelin sheathing

C Lower amplitude of action potential

D Decreased temperature

E Decreased stimulus strength

Question #47

Faster communication and synchronization are two advantages of

A mechanically-gated channels

B electrical synapses

C chemical synapses

D ligand-gated channels

E voltage-gated channels

Question #48

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by the

A dura mater

B arachnoid membrane

C choroid plexus

D cerebral ganglia

E limbic system

Question #49

Which of the three types of muscle cells would be multi-nucleated?

A Skeletal

B Smooth

C Cardiac

Question #50

Epithelial tissue

A usually has a free surface that interacts with external environment.

B is used to form glands.

C is used as a lining of body cavities and hollow organs.

D All of these Answer choices are correct.

E is used as a covering of body surfaces.

Question #51

Examples of exocrine glands include all of the following except

A Bile

B Sweat

C Breastmilk

D Saliva

E Hormones

Question #52

Blood belongs to which of the following tissue classifications?

A Connective

B Muscle

C Adipose

D Epithelial

E Nervous

Question #53

All of the following are the main tissue classifications, except for

A Adipose

B Connective

C Nervous

D Epithelial

E Muscle

Question #54

This type of epithelial tissue is found lining the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.

A Simple columnar epithelium

B Simple cuboidal epithelium

C Stratified cuboidal epithelium

D Simple squamous epithelium

E Stratified squamous epithelium

Question #55

Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?

A Cartilage

B Epidermis

C Blood

D Bone

E Tendons

Question #56

The extracellular matrix of blood tissue consists of

A plasma.

B red blood cells.

C white blood cells.

D lymph.

E albumin.

Question #57

Which of the following describes a single layer of flat epithelial cells?

A Transitional

B Simple cuboidal

C Simple squamous

D Stratified squamous

E Stratified columnar

Question #58

The two principal types of cells found in nervous tissues are

A neurons and mast cells.

B neurons and somites.

C neuroglial cells and myofibers.

D neuroglial cells and neurons.

Question #59

Where would you not expect to find stratified squamous epithelial cells?

A Skin

B Blood-brain barrier

C Esophagus

D Mouth lining

Question #60

The reaction: ADP + Pi + energy -> ATP, is called:

A Emancipation

B Deamination

C Phosphorylation

D transcription

Question #61

Oxidation is

A The removal of protons

B The addition of electrons

C The addition of protons

D None of these choices

E The removal of electrons

Question #62

The step in which pyruvate is shuttled into the mitochondria and converted to acetyl CoA is called

A Transition reaction

B Krebs cycle

C Glycolysis

D Electron transport chain

Question #63

A cell requires ATP for all of the following processes EXCEPT:

A contraction

B active transport

C cell division

D osmosis

E protein synthesis

Question #64

The Electron Transport System is located in the

A mitochondria

B nucleolus

C endoplasmic reticulum

D golgi complex

E cytoplasm

Question #65

Which one of the following reactions does NOT occur in the Krebs cycle?

A production of carbon dioxide

B Reduction of NAD+ and FADH+

C formation of lactic acid in the absence of oxygen

D generation of ATP

Question #66

Which of the following are electron donators in the electron transport chain?

A FADH2

B NADH and FADH2

C All of these are electron acceptors

D H+

E NADH

Question #67

Substrate phosphorylation occurs in what step of cellular respiration?

A Formation of acetyl-CoA

B Electron transport system

C Protein synthesis

D Glycolysis

Question #68

C6H12O6+6O2⟶6CO2+6H2O+36ATPC6H12O6+6O2⟶6CO2+6H2O+36ATP
In the above equation, the oxygen atom in 6H2O6H2O originates from which molecule?

A Glucose

B Magic

C Carbon dioxide

D Oxygen

Question #69

Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in

A Electron transport system

B The Krebs cycle

C Protein synthesis

D Formation of acetyl-CoA

E Glycolysis

Question #70

Which describes the conversion of non-carbohydrate molecules through pyruvic acid to glucose?

A Oxidation

B Gluconeogenesis

C Decarboxylation

D Glycogenolysis

E Carbonification

Question #71

Hydrolysis of ATP is what type of reaction?

A Ergonomic

B Endergonic

C Exergonic

D Erythropoetic

Question #72

Which one of the following reactions does NOT occur in the Krebs cycle?

A generation of ATP

B production of carbon dioxide

C All of these occur in the Krebs cycle

D formation of lactic acid in the absence of oxygen

E production of reduced coenzymes

Question #73

Which of the following is considered anaerobic?

A Glycolysis

B Electron transport chain

C Krebs cycle

D Transition reaction

Try The Exam

Fresh Grad Lands Job as Real Estate Agent With Help from Professional Writers

Need help with your exam preparation?

Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:

Christian S.

Tyra

Linda

Manush

We accept payment