Exam 1

Navigation » List of Schools » West Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 101 – Introduction to Human Physiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 1

Need help with your exam preparation?

Existing Quiz Clients Login here

Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:

Try The Exam

Question #1

Which tract carries sensory information?

A spinocerebellar

B reticulospinal

C pyramidal

D corticospinal

Question #2

Which of the following scans provides imaging of the brain by highlighting areas of the brain with the highest fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, which corresponds to areas of highest metabolic activity?

A CT

B PET

C X-ray

D Ultrasound

Question #3

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called

A P waves.

B beta waves.

C delta waves.

D theta waves.

E alpha waves.

Question #4

What type of information is carried in the descending tracts of the spinal cord?
1. Sensory
2. Motor
3. Integration

A 3 only

B 1 only

C Both 2 & 3

D Both 1 & 2

E 2 only

Question #5

This protects the brain by preventing the movement of harmful substances and pathogens from the blood into the brain tissue.

A Dura mater

B All of these choices

C Cerebrospinal fluid

D Arachnoid mater

E Blood brain barrier

Question #6

These three areas of gray matter found in each cerebral hemisphere are important in helping to control the initiation and termination of skeletal muscle movements.

A lateral olivary nuclei

B basal nuclei

C autonomic ganglia

D red nuclei

E vestibular nuclei

Question #7

These are networks of capillaries found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain that produce cerebrospinal fluid.

A Aqueduct of the midbrain

B Interventricular foramina

C Brachial plexuses

D Choroid plexuses

E Lateral apertures

Question #8

The cerebellum contains these types of neurons, which are characterized by their elaborate dendritic structure.

A Purkinje

B Astrocytes

C Uniaxial

D Unipolar

Question #9

The cell bodies of the sensory neurons that carry information from the periphery to the spinal cord are located in the

A dorsal root ganglion.

B central canal.

C lateral gray horn.

D posterior gray horn.

E anterior white commissure.

Question #10

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called

A alpha waves.

B P waves.

C delta waves.

D theta waves.

E beta waves.

Question #11

Cerebro-spinal Fluid (CSF) is formed by the:

A cerebral ganglia

B choroid plexus

C limbic system

D dura mater

E arachnoid membrane

Question #12

Which of these locations marks the endpoint for cerebrospinal fluid before diffusing into venous blood?

A lateral ventricles

B subarachnoid space

C 3rd ventricle

D choroid plexus

E arachnoid granulations

Question #13

Which structure of the embryonic brain develops into the mature cerebrum?

A Mesencephalon

B Myelencephalon

C Rhombencephelon

D Diencephalon

E Telencephalon

Question #14

Which of the following types of tracts are used to conduct nerve impulses between gyri within the same cerebral hemisphere?

A Association tracts

B Stria medullaris

C Mammillothalamic tracts

D Projection tracts

E Commissural tracts

Question #15

Which of the following tracts are associated with axon pathways within the same hemisphere, but different gyri?

A Projection tracts

B Association tracts

C Commissural tracts

D None of the above

E All of the above

Question #16

Which of the following structures conducts nerve impulses between the two different hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A Corpus callosum

B Sulci

C Pyramids

D Association tracts

E Projection tracts

Question #17

This branch of a spinal nerve serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk.

A Brachial plexus

B Anterior ramus

C Meningeal branch

D Rami communicantes

E Posterior ramus

Question #18

Which of these structures involves the decussation of the pyramids?

A Medulla Oblongata

B Pons

C Corpus Callosum

D Cerebellum

E Cerebrum

Question #19

Which phenomenon explains increased excitability as an adaptation when post-synaptic neurons that are stimulated at high frequency?

A Long Term Potentiation

B Substrate Phosphorylation

C IPSPs

D Summation

Question #20

Which projection of the neuron receives signals?

A Axon Terminal

B Dendrites

C Axon

D Cell body

Question #21

Diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and uptake by cells are all ways to

A inhibit a presynaptic potential

B remove a neurotransmitter

C stop a spatial summation

D continue a temporal summation

E excite a presynaptic potential

Question #22

In temporal summation, a single presynaptic neuron stimulates the creation of action potentials in a postsynaptic neuron when it

A runs out of neurotransmitter.

B fires at a steady rate that allows the postsynaptic neuron to return to resting potential.

C stops firing long enough to allow the postsynaptic neuron to recover.

D fires at a fast enough rate that the sum of EPSPs in the postsynaptic neuron moves above threshold.

E recruits other presynaptic neurons to begin to fire.

Question #23

A polarized cell

A includes most cells of the body and exhibits a membrane potential.

B All of these choices are correct.

C includes most cells of the body.

D has a charge imbalance across its membrane.

E exhibits a membrane potential.

Question #24

Which of the following is also known as adrenaline?

A Norepinephrine

B Dopamine

C Serotonin

D Epinephrine

Question #25

Which part of the neuron conducts the electrical signal away from the cell body region?

A Schwann cells

B choroid plexus

C nodes of Ranvier

D axon

E dendrite

Question #26

In an action potential, the current that flows down the axon of a neuron is generated by the movement of ______ across the membrane.

A free radicals

B electrons

C protons

D neutrons

E ions

Question #27

During this period, a second action potential can only be initiated by a larger than normal stimulus

A All of these choices

B Absolute refractory period

C Latent period

D Relative refractory period

Question #28

Which of the types of junctions is responsible for the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier?

A Anchoring junctions

B Gap junctions

C Desmosomes

D Tight junctions

Question #29

Which part of the neuron conducts the electrical signal away from the
cell body region?

A choroid plexus

B schwann cells

C nodes of Ranvier

D axon

E dendrite

Question #30

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

A Sensory function

B All are functions of the nervous system

C Integrative function

D Motor function

Question #31

An excitatory neurotransmitter _________ the postsynaptic membrane.

A does not affect the polarity of

B depolarizes

C moves across channels in

D hyperpolarizes

E repolarizes

Question #32

IPSP stands for

A inhibitory postsynaptic summation potential

B none of these choices

C inhibitory presynaptic potential.

D inhibitory postsynaptic potential

E inhibitory presynaptic summation potential

Question #33

Which of the two modes of transmission is the fastest?

A Electrical synapse

B Chemical synapse

Question #34

The resting membrane potential in cells is primarily influenced by the permeability of this ion:

A Cl-

B Ca2+

C K¬+

D Fe2+

E Na+

Question #35

What best explains the presence of the hyperpolarization phase?

A Firing of a second action potential

B Activation of the Na+/K+/ATP pump

C Closing of voltage-gated Na+ channels

D Release of neurotransmitter

E K+ channels are open longer than Na+ channels

Question #36

When the summed total of postsynaptic potentials rises above threshold, creation of action potentials occurs

A in the synaptic cleft.

B at the trigger zone.

C in the dendrites.

D in the neuron nucleus

E in the neuroplasm.

Question #37

During an action potential, the diffusion of _______ causes it to depolarize.

A K+ into the cell

B K+ out of the cell

C Na+ into the cell

D Na+ out of the cell

Question #38

When a depolarizing graded potential makes the axon membrane depolarize to threshold,

A ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly.

B ligand-gated Ca+2 channels close rapidly.

C voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly.

D none of these choices occur.

E voltage-gated Ca+2 channels open rapidly.

Question #39

Saltatory conduction

A Can occur in unmyelinated axons

B Fires as a result of a subthreshold graded potential

C Occurs only in myelinated axons

D Happens due to an even distribution of voltage-gated Na+ channels

Question #40

The critical voltage at which the membrane potential must be depolarized in order to cause an action potential is called the:

A Electrical refractory period

B Threshold potential

C Excitatory postsynaptic potential

D Receptor potential

E Resting membrane potential

Question #41

A postsynaptic neuron responds to neurotransmitters released by a presynaptic neuron by creating

A either EPSPs or IPSPs

B EPSPs

C water-filled channels in its membrane

D IPSPs

E All the choices are correct

Question #42

Which of the following are ways to remove a transmitter from the synaptic cleft?

A Enzymatic degradation, Diffusion and Reuptake at axon terminal

B Enzymatic degradation and Diffusion

C Enzymatic degradation only

D Reuptake at axon terminal only

Question #43

In the process of spatial summation, ______ are added together and _____ are subtracted from that total to determine whether _____ will be created at the trigger zone of the postsynaptic neuron.

A EPSPs; action potentials; IPSPs

B EPSPs; IPSPs; action potentials

C EPSPs; IPSPs; graded potentials

D IPSPs; action potentials; EPSPs

E IPSPs; EPSPs; action potentials

Question #44

The resting membrane potential in neurons ranges from:

A +5 to 100 mV

B –25 to –70 mV

C –40 to –90 mV

D None of these choices

E –90 to 5 mV

Question #45

Na+/K+ -ATPase (sodium-potassium pump) is considered to be an electrogenic (produces a change in membrane potential) pump because

A The sodium ions are negatively charged

B It exhibits low permeability

C It contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential

D All of the above are correct

Question #46

Which of the following would decrease the speed of action potential propagation?

A Lower amplitude of action potential

B Decreased temperature

C More myelin sheathing

D Increased diameter of axon

E Decreased stimulus strength

Question #47

Faster communication and synchronization are two advantages of

A mechanically-gated channels

B electrical synapses

C chemical synapses

D voltage-gated channels

E ligand-gated channels

Question #48

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by the

A limbic system

B arachnoid membrane

C cerebral ganglia

D dura mater

E choroid plexus

Question #49

Which of the three types of muscle cells would be multi-nucleated?

A Cardiac

B Skeletal

C Smooth

Question #50

Epithelial tissue

A is used to form glands.

B usually has a free surface that interacts with external environment.

C All of these Answer choices are correct.

D is used as a covering of body surfaces.

E is used as a lining of body cavities and hollow organs.

Question #51

Examples of exocrine glands include all of the following except

A Hormones

B Bile

C Sweat

D Saliva

E Breastmilk

Question #52

Blood belongs to which of the following tissue classifications?

A Muscle

B Connective

C Nervous

D Epithelial

E Adipose

Question #53

All of the following are the main tissue classifications, except for

A Muscle

B Nervous

C Adipose

D Epithelial

E Connective

Question #54

This type of epithelial tissue is found lining the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.

A Simple columnar epithelium

B Simple squamous epithelium

C Stratified cuboidal epithelium

D Simple cuboidal epithelium

E Stratified squamous epithelium

Question #55

Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?

A Bone

B Tendons

C Cartilage

D Epidermis

E Blood

Question #56

The extracellular matrix of blood tissue consists of

A red blood cells.

B white blood cells.

C lymph.

D albumin.

E plasma.

Question #57

Which of the following describes a single layer of flat epithelial cells?

A Transitional

C Stratified columnar

D Simple squamous

E Simple cuboidal

F Stratified squamous

Question #58

The two principal types of cells found in nervous tissues are

A neurons and mast cells.

B neuroglial cells and myofibers.

C neurons and somites.

D neuroglial cells and neurons.

Question #59

Where would you not expect to find stratified squamous epithelial cells?

A Skin

B Mouth lining

C Blood-brain barrier

D Esophagus

Question #60

The reaction: ADP + Pi + energy -> ATP, is called:

A Deamination

B transcription

C Emancipation

D Phosphorylation

Question #61

Oxidation is

A None of these choices

B The removal of protons

C The addition of protons

D The removal of electrons

E The addition of electrons

Question #62

The step in which pyruvate is shuttled into the mitochondria and converted to acetyl CoA is called

A Electron transport chain

B Glycolysis

C Transition reaction

D Krebs cycle

Question #63

A cell requires ATP for all of the following processes EXCEPT:

A contraction

B protein synthesis

C cell division

D osmosis

E active transport

Question #64

The Electron Transport System is located in the

A nucleolus

B golgi complex

C cytoplasm

D endoplasmic reticulum

E mitochondria

Question #65

Which one of the following reactions does NOT occur in the Krebs cycle?

A generation of ATP

B formation of lactic acid in the absence of oxygen

C production of carbon dioxide

D Reduction of NAD+ and FADH+

Question #66

Which of the following are electron donators in the electron transport chain?

A FADH2

B NADH

C NADH and FADH2

D All of these are electron acceptors

E H+

Question #67

Substrate phosphorylation occurs in what step of cellular respiration?

A Electron transport system

B Glycolysis

C Protein synthesis

D Formation of acetyl-CoA

Question #68

C6H12O6+6O2⟶6CO2+6H2O+36ATPC6H12O6+6O2⟶6CO2+6H2O+36ATP
In the above equation, the oxygen atom in 6H2O6H2O originates from which molecule?

A Oxygen

B Glucose

C Carbon dioxide

D Magic

Question #69

Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in

A Formation of acetyl-CoA

B Glycolysis

C Protein synthesis

D The Krebs cycle

E Electron transport system

Question #70

Which describes the conversion of non-carbohydrate molecules through pyruvic acid to glucose?

A Oxidation

B Decarboxylation

C Carbonification

D Glycogenolysis

E Gluconeogenesis

Question #71

Hydrolysis of ATP is what type of reaction?

A Endergonic

B Ergonomic

C Exergonic

D Erythropoetic

Question #72

Which one of the following reactions does NOT occur in the Krebs cycle?

A production of carbon dioxide

B production of reduced coenzymes

C generation of ATP

D formation of lactic acid in the absence of oxygen

E All of these occur in the Krebs cycle

Question #73

Which of the following is considered anaerobic?

A Transition reaction

B Krebs cycle

C Glycolysis

D Electron transport chain

Try The Exam

Fresh Grad Lands Job as Real Estate Agent With Help from Professional Writers

Need help with your exam preparation?

Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:

Christian S.

Tyra

Linda

Manush

We accept payment